Pub Date : 2010-01-10DOI: 10.1109/RWS.2010.5434208
D. Yamane, Winston Sun, H. Fujita, H. Toshiyoshi, S. Kawasaki
This paper presents the design, fabrication method and measurement results on a low-loss Ohmic-contact RF-MEMS switch with a bi-lateral actuation for a Dual-SPDT switching system. The switch was fabricated based on the silicon bulk-micromachining technology and a layer-wise technique on an SOI wafer. We demonstrated a compatibility with electroplating and high aspect-ratio Deep-RIE process to have loss-less quasi-air-suspended MEMS waveguides and adequately thick gold layer for side-wall ohmic contact. Typical performance shows 0.56 dB insertion loss, 19.4 dB return loss and 51.4 dB isolation at the Ku-band frequency of 12 GHz.
{"title":"Development of a Dual-SPDT RF-MEMS switch for Ku-band","authors":"D. Yamane, Winston Sun, H. Fujita, H. Toshiyoshi, S. Kawasaki","doi":"10.1109/RWS.2010.5434208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS.2010.5434208","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design, fabrication method and measurement results on a low-loss Ohmic-contact RF-MEMS switch with a bi-lateral actuation for a Dual-SPDT switching system. The switch was fabricated based on the silicon bulk-micromachining technology and a layer-wise technique on an SOI wafer. We demonstrated a compatibility with electroplating and high aspect-ratio Deep-RIE process to have loss-less quasi-air-suspended MEMS waveguides and adequately thick gold layer for side-wall ohmic contact. Typical performance shows 0.56 dB insertion loss, 19.4 dB return loss and 51.4 dB isolation at the Ku-band frequency of 12 GHz.","PeriodicalId":334671,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122586863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-10DOI: 10.1109/RWS.2010.5434190
I. Mostafanezhad, O. Boric-Lubecke, V. Lubecke
Continuous Wave Doppler radar has been used in human life signs monitoring from a distance. Such systems are basically motion detectors that rely on phase modulation of the radar's reflected signal due to physiological motion which is of a low frequency nature and has significant signal content close to DC. Homodyne receiver architecture is simple, but has its own limitations including DC offset and contribution of low frequency noise from mixers and baseband amplifiers. A coherent low IF architecture has been proposed for this case to improve the performance. It will be shown that SNR is improved using a simple coherent low IF configuration. This is the first reported coherent low IF transceiver architecture for Doppler radar motion sensing.
{"title":"A coherent low IF receiver architecture for Doppler radar motion detector used in life signs monitoring","authors":"I. Mostafanezhad, O. Boric-Lubecke, V. Lubecke","doi":"10.1109/RWS.2010.5434190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS.2010.5434190","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous Wave Doppler radar has been used in human life signs monitoring from a distance. Such systems are basically motion detectors that rely on phase modulation of the radar's reflected signal due to physiological motion which is of a low frequency nature and has significant signal content close to DC. Homodyne receiver architecture is simple, but has its own limitations including DC offset and contribution of low frequency noise from mixers and baseband amplifiers. A coherent low IF architecture has been proposed for this case to improve the performance. It will be shown that SNR is improved using a simple coherent low IF configuration. This is the first reported coherent low IF transceiver architecture for Doppler radar motion sensing.","PeriodicalId":334671,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121101808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-10DOI: 10.1109/RWS.2010.5434209
C. Hale, R. Baeten
This paper presents a 1mm2 Cu pillar flip chip SP3T/LNA RFIC targeted for use in 802.11b/g front-ends. The SP3T switch enables WLAN transmit/receive and Bluetooth modes of operation. This switch exhibits 0.6dB insertion loss per branch and delivers 802.11g linear performance up to +21dBm output power. A single-stage LNA with a bypass mode is connected after the WLAN Rx branch to increase overall receiver sensitivity and dynamic range. The LNA achieved 1.9dB NF with a typical 11.5dB small-signal gain, including the switch loss. This die occupies only 25% of the footprint of similar existing QFN style WLAN front ends.
{"title":"A 1mm2 flip-chip SP3T switch and low noise amplifier RFIC FEM for 802.11b/g applications","authors":"C. Hale, R. Baeten","doi":"10.1109/RWS.2010.5434209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS.2010.5434209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 1mm2 Cu pillar flip chip SP3T/LNA RFIC targeted for use in 802.11b/g front-ends. The SP3T switch enables WLAN transmit/receive and Bluetooth modes of operation. This switch exhibits 0.6dB insertion loss per branch and delivers 802.11g linear performance up to +21dBm output power. A single-stage LNA with a bypass mode is connected after the WLAN Rx branch to increase overall receiver sensitivity and dynamic range. The LNA achieved 1.9dB NF with a typical 11.5dB small-signal gain, including the switch loss. This die occupies only 25% of the footprint of similar existing QFN style WLAN front ends.","PeriodicalId":334671,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127345014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-10DOI: 10.1109/RWS.2010.5434262
M. E. El Sabbagh, R. Mansour
We propose a new simple technique for the integration of ridge waveguide filter in printed circuit board. The proposed technique for manufacture allows easy integration on board with active devices. The manufacture is very simple, low cost, and fast in processing. Several design examples are included to illustrate the approach. The simulation results obtained from the full-wave mode matching technique (MMT) and Finite Element method (FEM) are in very good agreement.
{"title":"Integration of ridge waveguide filter in printed circuit board","authors":"M. E. El Sabbagh, R. Mansour","doi":"10.1109/RWS.2010.5434262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS.2010.5434262","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new simple technique for the integration of ridge waveguide filter in printed circuit board. The proposed technique for manufacture allows easy integration on board with active devices. The manufacture is very simple, low cost, and fast in processing. Several design examples are included to illustrate the approach. The simulation results obtained from the full-wave mode matching technique (MMT) and Finite Element method (FEM) are in very good agreement.","PeriodicalId":334671,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"20 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113970564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-10DOI: 10.1109/RWS.2010.5434177
H. Khaleel, H. Al‐Rizzo, D. Rucker, T. Elwi
This paper presents a button shaped antenna based on a microstrip Yagi array. The proposed antenna is suitable for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) and telemedicine applications operating at 2.45 GHz. Antenna properties, such as far-field radiation patterns, coupling coefficient, measured by the scattering parameter S11, and gain are provided. Moreover, the simulated performance of the proposed antenna is compared to circular and rectangular patch button shaped antennas having similar sizes. Design and simulations are performed using CST Microwave Studio software which is based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). The proposed antenna achieved a gain of 6.7 dB, (F/B) ratio of 11.7 dB and a semi-directional radiation pattern required for on body and off body applications.
{"title":"Wearable Yagi microstrip antenna for telemedicine applications","authors":"H. Khaleel, H. Al‐Rizzo, D. Rucker, T. Elwi","doi":"10.1109/RWS.2010.5434177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS.2010.5434177","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a button shaped antenna based on a microstrip Yagi array. The proposed antenna is suitable for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) and telemedicine applications operating at 2.45 GHz. Antenna properties, such as far-field radiation patterns, coupling coefficient, measured by the scattering parameter S11, and gain are provided. Moreover, the simulated performance of the proposed antenna is compared to circular and rectangular patch button shaped antennas having similar sizes. Design and simulations are performed using CST Microwave Studio software which is based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). The proposed antenna achieved a gain of 6.7 dB, (F/B) ratio of 11.7 dB and a semi-directional radiation pattern required for on body and off body applications.","PeriodicalId":334671,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115969990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-10DOI: 10.1109/RWS.2010.5434266
G. Andia Vera, A. Georgiadis, A. Collado, S. Via
A compact dual polarized rectenna operating at 2.45 GHz is presented. It consists of a square aperture coupled patch antenna with a cross shaped slot etched on its surface that permits a patch side reduction of 32.5%. The patch size is 3.4 cm by 3.4 cm. The antenna is dual linearly polarized with each orthogonal polarization received by an appropriately placed coupling slot. The received signal from each slot output is rectified by a voltage doubling circuit and the doubler DC output signals are combined allowing the rectenna receive signals of arbitrary polarization. The circuit is optimized for low input power densities using harmonic balance. Simulated rectifier maximum RF-to-DC conversion efficiency values of 15.7% and 42.1% were obtained for input available power levels of -20 dBm and -10 dBm respectively at 2.45 GHz. The measured results are in agreement with the simulation.
{"title":"Design of a 2.45 GHz rectenna for electromagnetic (EM) energy scavenging","authors":"G. Andia Vera, A. Georgiadis, A. Collado, S. Via","doi":"10.1109/RWS.2010.5434266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS.2010.5434266","url":null,"abstract":"A compact dual polarized rectenna operating at 2.45 GHz is presented. It consists of a square aperture coupled patch antenna with a cross shaped slot etched on its surface that permits a patch side reduction of 32.5%. The patch size is 3.4 cm by 3.4 cm. The antenna is dual linearly polarized with each orthogonal polarization received by an appropriately placed coupling slot. The received signal from each slot output is rectified by a voltage doubling circuit and the doubler DC output signals are combined allowing the rectenna receive signals of arbitrary polarization. The circuit is optimized for low input power densities using harmonic balance. Simulated rectifier maximum RF-to-DC conversion efficiency values of 15.7% and 42.1% were obtained for input available power levels of -20 dBm and -10 dBm respectively at 2.45 GHz. The measured results are in agreement with the simulation.","PeriodicalId":334671,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114224872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-10DOI: 10.1109/RWS.2010.5434231
M. Anis, G. Grau, N. Wehn
This paper presents a ultra low power RF transceiver architecture for 402–405MHz medical implant communication system. The differential complementary colpitts super-regenrative oscillator is used in this architecture to achieve low phase noise, high gain and linearity at low power consumption. The external PCB loop antenna is incorporated into the oscillator. This provides a high Q-factor inductive element to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity. The oscillator transmits RF signals in switched OOK mode and receives in super-regenerative mode. The DSSS super-regenerative mode is proposed for multi-user enviornment. The design concept is simulated in 0.18um CMOS technology. The exchange rate upto 120kbps is achieved for detecting −95dBm signals with the power consumption of 400uW.
{"title":"Ultra low power RF transceiver architecture for in-body communication system","authors":"M. Anis, G. Grau, N. Wehn","doi":"10.1109/RWS.2010.5434231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS.2010.5434231","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a ultra low power RF transceiver architecture for 402–405MHz medical implant communication system. The differential complementary colpitts super-regenrative oscillator is used in this architecture to achieve low phase noise, high gain and linearity at low power consumption. The external PCB loop antenna is incorporated into the oscillator. This provides a high Q-factor inductive element to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity. The oscillator transmits RF signals in switched OOK mode and receives in super-regenerative mode. The DSSS super-regenerative mode is proposed for multi-user enviornment. The design concept is simulated in 0.18um CMOS technology. The exchange rate upto 120kbps is achieved for detecting −95dBm signals with the power consumption of 400uW.","PeriodicalId":334671,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127128035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-10DOI: 10.1109/RWS.2010.5434118
R. Langwieser, C. Angerer, A. Scholtz
The introduction of multi antenna applications in radio frequency identification (RFID) is expected to further improve the capability of RFID systems but requires new or extended simulation and experimental setups. This paper describes a developed analog 2×2 multiple input multiple output (MIMO) frontend for an RFID rapid prototyping system which allows for various realtime experiments to investigate MIMO techniques as beamforming, diversity combining, or localization at the reader. Finally, a measurement example with one transmitter and two receivers is presented for two different tag positions.
{"title":"A UHF frontend for MIMO applications in RFID","authors":"R. Langwieser, C. Angerer, A. Scholtz","doi":"10.1109/RWS.2010.5434118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS.2010.5434118","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of multi antenna applications in radio frequency identification (RFID) is expected to further improve the capability of RFID systems but requires new or extended simulation and experimental setups. This paper describes a developed analog 2×2 multiple input multiple output (MIMO) frontend for an RFID rapid prototyping system which allows for various realtime experiments to investigate MIMO techniques as beamforming, diversity combining, or localization at the reader. Finally, a measurement example with one transmitter and two receivers is presented for two different tag positions.","PeriodicalId":334671,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124800063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-10DOI: 10.1109/RWS.2010.5434273
H. Akyol, B. Agarwal, H. Firouzkouhi, D. Badillo
A CMOS dB-linear RF variable gain amplifier (VGA) that can provide a variable gain of 25-dB is implemented. The 25-dB of this range is achieved by a dB-linear V-I converter, which includes current limiting circuitry to reduce the gain variation due to process and temperature at maximum and minimum output power levels. The circuits are designed in a 0.13-um RF CMOS process. The measurement results demonstrate −45 dBc ACLR, −165-dBc/Hz Rx-band noise at 5-dBm output power and 25-dB dynamic gain control range in UMTS band for WCDMA. The RF VGA consumes 30-mA of current at maximum gain from a 1.8-V supply.
{"title":"A CMOS dB-linear RF VGA for SAW-less WEDGE transmitters","authors":"H. Akyol, B. Agarwal, H. Firouzkouhi, D. Badillo","doi":"10.1109/RWS.2010.5434273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS.2010.5434273","url":null,"abstract":"A CMOS dB-linear RF variable gain amplifier (VGA) that can provide a variable gain of 25-dB is implemented. The 25-dB of this range is achieved by a dB-linear V-I converter, which includes current limiting circuitry to reduce the gain variation due to process and temperature at maximum and minimum output power levels. The circuits are designed in a 0.13-um RF CMOS process. The measurement results demonstrate −45 dBc ACLR, −165-dBc/Hz Rx-band noise at 5-dBm output power and 25-dB dynamic gain control range in UMTS band for WCDMA. The RF VGA consumes 30-mA of current at maximum gain from a 1.8-V supply.","PeriodicalId":334671,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125171442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-10DOI: 10.1109/RWS.2010.5434140
J. Silvious, D. Tahmoush
The detection of breathing and heartbeat from a distance is important for medical triage and mass casualty events as well as routine monitoring of higher-risk patients. Typical approaches include wiring up patients to devices and wearable devices, but remote detection and monitoring is both easier on the patient and easier to administer. Monitoring at low frequencies means that there is less patient risk as well as extended range and reduced power. In this paper we look at the measurement of breathing and heartbeat of human subjects at UHF frequencies. We characterize the system design and capabilities as well as the algorithmic approach to extracting the signal. We measure biometric ground truth using heartbeat sensors, respiration monitors, and accelerometers. We do accurately measure breathing, and can measure heartbeat when the subject is holding his breath, but have not yet separated the heartbeat from breathing when both are being done simultaneously.
{"title":"UHF measurement of breathing and heartbeat at a distance","authors":"J. Silvious, D. Tahmoush","doi":"10.1109/RWS.2010.5434140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS.2010.5434140","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of breathing and heartbeat from a distance is important for medical triage and mass casualty events as well as routine monitoring of higher-risk patients. Typical approaches include wiring up patients to devices and wearable devices, but remote detection and monitoring is both easier on the patient and easier to administer. Monitoring at low frequencies means that there is less patient risk as well as extended range and reduced power. In this paper we look at the measurement of breathing and heartbeat of human subjects at UHF frequencies. We characterize the system design and capabilities as well as the algorithmic approach to extracting the signal. We measure biometric ground truth using heartbeat sensors, respiration monitors, and accelerometers. We do accurately measure breathing, and can measure heartbeat when the subject is holding his breath, but have not yet separated the heartbeat from breathing when both are being done simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":334671,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125179639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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