The diversity of the butterfly in Sebangau National Park, particularly in the Mangkok Resort area has different morphological features in each species. The differences distinguish each species between families. Steps to know the diversity species or populations can be measured and identified based on similarities or differences in Shannon-Wiener's diversity analysis. This research was conducted by random purposive sampling using insect net and food trap. Observation and sampling were conducted in the area of natural forest and forest restoration during the dry and rainy seasons. The results showed, the species obtained and identified as many as 25 species from 4 families namely Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae and Lycaenidae. Butterflies obtained from food trap are 24 individuals from 5 species. The level of diversity, evenness and richness of the species of butterflies in each region during the rainy and dry seasons which are the location of the study are included in the "medium" category with the average value of the diversity index, the evenness and the richness of the butterfly species of 2.502. The relative dominance and relative abundance of the butterfly species in the Mangkok resort shows no species communities that are extreme dominant from species other.
{"title":"Diversity of Ordo Lepidoptera In Mangkok Resort, Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan","authors":"A. Faqih","doi":"10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.5815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.5815","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of the butterfly in Sebangau National Park, particularly in the Mangkok Resort area has different morphological features in each species. The differences distinguish each species between families. Steps to know the diversity species or populations can be measured and identified based on similarities or differences in Shannon-Wiener's diversity analysis. This research was conducted by random purposive sampling using insect net and food trap. Observation and sampling were conducted in the area of natural forest and forest restoration during the dry and rainy seasons. The results showed, the species obtained and identified as many as 25 species from 4 families namely Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae and Lycaenidae. Butterflies obtained from food trap are 24 individuals from 5 species. The level of diversity, evenness and richness of the species of butterflies in each region during the rainy and dry seasons which are the location of the study are included in the \"medium\" category with the average value of the diversity index, the evenness and the richness of the butterfly species of 2.502. The relative dominance and relative abundance of the butterfly species in the Mangkok resort shows no species communities that are extreme dominant from species other.","PeriodicalId":33480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49576717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the biggest infectious disease causing human death in the world. The main challenge in controlling tuberculosis is to quickly and accurately diagnose tuberculosis infection. Several kits have been produced to diagnose tuberculosis, but have different sensitivity and specificity. This shows that the kit is not yet ideal for diagnosing tuberculosis, so the search for candidates for specific antigens still needs to be done. One potential antigen is the Rv 1926c encoding MPT 63 protein. This protein is known to induce Th1 cells and produce IFN λ from PBMC cells of patients infected with tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to clone the Rv 1926c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a tuberculosis immunodiagnostic kit. The method used is isolating Rv 1926c with PCR, ligation to pGEM-T vector and transformation to E.coli host cell JM 109. Clone characterization was carried out by PCR and migration analysis. The results obtained are the recombinant clones obtained have successfully inserted with the Rv 1926 c
由结核分枝杆菌引起的结核病是世界上导致人类死亡的最大传染病。控制结核病的主要挑战是快速准确地诊断结核病感染。已经生产了几种诊断结核病的试剂盒，但灵敏度和特异性不同。这表明该试剂盒尚不适合诊断结核病，因此仍需寻找特异性抗原的候选者。一种潜在的抗原是编码MPT63蛋白的Rv 1926c。已知该蛋白可诱导Th1细胞，并从感染结核病的患者的PBMC细胞中产生IFNλ。本研究的目的是从结核分枝杆菌中克隆Rv 1926c作为结核病免疫诊断试剂盒。所使用的方法是用PCR分离Rv 1926c，连接到pGEM-T载体并转化到大肠杆菌宿主细胞JM 109。通过PCR和迁移分析进行克隆鉴定。所获得的结果是所获得的重组克隆已成功插入Rv 1926 c
{"title":"Ligation, Transformation and Characterization of Rv 1926c Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Escherichia coli JM 109 For Latent Tuberculosis Immunodiagnostic","authors":"R. Agus","doi":"10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.5813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.5813","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the biggest infectious disease causing human death in the world. The main challenge in controlling tuberculosis is to quickly and accurately diagnose tuberculosis infection. Several kits have been produced to diagnose tuberculosis, but have different sensitivity and specificity. This shows that the kit is not yet ideal for diagnosing tuberculosis, so the search for candidates for specific antigens still needs to be done. One potential antigen is the Rv 1926c encoding MPT 63 protein. This protein is known to induce Th1 cells and produce IFN λ from PBMC cells of patients infected with tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to clone the Rv 1926c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a tuberculosis immunodiagnostic kit. The method used is isolating Rv 1926c with PCR, ligation to pGEM-T vector and transformation to E.coli host cell JM 109. Clone characterization was carried out by PCR and migration analysis. The results obtained are the recombinant clones obtained have successfully inserted with the Rv 1926 c","PeriodicalId":33480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42726621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to analyze the structure of vegetation, diversity and patterns of mangrove zonation in the Tanjung Panjang Nature Reserve area. Data collection of mangrove vegetation structure was carried out by using the line transect method (plot measuring 20 m x 20 m), measurement of environmental parameters that supported mangrove life, and 12 soil samples carried out by laboratory tests. The sample distribution was 18 research sample points. The results showed that mangrove vegetation density both at the level of trees, saplings and seedlings was in the category of total damage with density values at tree level 0.04-0.22 ind/ha), sapling 0- 0.07ind/ha), and seedlings 0.02-0.08 ind/Ha). The percentage of closure types ranged from 0% - 38%, meaning that the criteria of damage was rare, which was <50%, and some were included in the criteria of total damage, which was 0%. The index of mangrove species diversity was sequential starting from the level of trees, saplings and seedlings, which were 0.37-1.53, 0.00-0.31, and 0.00, where the tree level diversity index was in the medium category, and the sapling and seedling levels were in the low category.
{"title":"Vegetation structure, species diversity, and mangrove zonation patterns in the Tanjung Panjang Nature Reserve Area, Gorontalo, Indonesia","authors":"D. W. Baderan, R. Utina, Nurain Lapolo","doi":"10.20956/ijab.v2i2.5752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v2i2.5752","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyze the structure of vegetation, diversity and patterns of mangrove zonation in the Tanjung Panjang Nature Reserve area. Data collection of mangrove vegetation structure was carried out by using the line transect method (plot measuring 20 m x 20 m), measurement of environmental parameters that supported mangrove life, and 12 soil samples carried out by laboratory tests. The sample distribution was 18 research sample points. The results showed that mangrove vegetation density both at the level of trees, saplings and seedlings was in the category of total damage with density values at tree level 0.04-0.22 ind/ha), sapling 0- 0.07ind/ha), and seedlings 0.02-0.08 ind/Ha). The percentage of closure types ranged from 0% - 38%, meaning that the criteria of damage was rare, which was <50%, and some were included in the criteria of total damage, which was 0%. The index of mangrove species diversity was sequential starting from the level of trees, saplings and seedlings, which were 0.37-1.53, 0.00-0.31, and 0.00, where the tree level diversity index was in the medium category, and the sapling and seedling levels were in the low category.","PeriodicalId":33480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44985674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTFloating Net is a simple alternative cultivation methods. The river there is a garden in the Krembangan District Sidarjoi which is used as a place of cultivation of Floating net fish oreochromis mossambicus (Oreochromis mossambicus), on the other hand is where waste disposal by the local community and some industries . This research aims to know the accumulation of heavy metals chromium (Cr) in the flesh of fish oreochromis mossambicus (Oreochromis mossambicus) and find out the feasibility of fish consumption oreochromis mossambicus at floating net on the river Krembangan Sidoaarjo. This research are observatif by using Purposive Random Sampling techniques. test the content of heavy metal chromium (Cr) in the flesh of fish oreochromis mossambicus (Oreochromis mossambicus) method using AAS (Atomic Absorbtion Spectrofotometry). The data generated in the analysis in quantitative descriptive. In this research show that the heavy metal content of chromium (Cr) in the flesh of fish oreochromis mossambicus highs station III of 0.52 mg/Kg; I station of 0.51 mg/Kg II station of 0.48 mg/Kg on a sampling sedangkang the morning, at night the highest value on the station III of 0.50 mg/Kg; I station of 0.46 mg/Kg and the II of 0.39 mg/Kg. Average deposits of heavy metal Cr on fish oreochromis mossambicus (o. mossambicus) is still under the raw quality of the already established by the Director-General of POM 1989 i.e. amounted to 2.5 mg/kg but fall into the category bioakumulasi medium, so that fish oreochromis mossambicus is still worthy of consumption, but need to watch out for, considering the Cr are toxic, carcinogenic, bioakumulatif and biomagnifikasi would potentially interfere with health.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation Monitoring of Heavy Metal Chromium (Cr) in Fish Oreochromis mossambicus in The Floating Net Cultivation in Sidoarjo Krembangan River","authors":"Sonny Kristianto","doi":"10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.5089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.5089","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTFloating Net is a simple alternative cultivation methods. The river there is a garden in the Krembangan District Sidarjoi which is used as a place of cultivation of Floating net fish oreochromis mossambicus (Oreochromis mossambicus), on the other hand is where waste disposal by the local community and some industries . This research aims to know the accumulation of heavy metals chromium (Cr) in the flesh of fish oreochromis mossambicus (Oreochromis mossambicus) and find out the feasibility of fish consumption oreochromis mossambicus at floating net on the river Krembangan Sidoaarjo. This research are observatif by using Purposive Random Sampling techniques. test the content of heavy metal chromium (Cr) in the flesh of fish oreochromis mossambicus (Oreochromis mossambicus) method using AAS (Atomic Absorbtion Spectrofotometry). The data generated in the analysis in quantitative descriptive. In this research show that the heavy metal content of chromium (Cr) in the flesh of fish oreochromis mossambicus highs station III of 0.52 mg/Kg; I station of 0.51 mg/Kg II station of 0.48 mg/Kg on a sampling sedangkang the morning, at night the highest value on the station III of 0.50 mg/Kg; I station of 0.46 mg/Kg and the II of 0.39 mg/Kg. Average deposits of heavy metal Cr on fish oreochromis mossambicus (o. mossambicus) is still under the raw quality of the already established by the Director-General of POM 1989 i.e. amounted to 2.5 mg/kg but fall into the category bioakumulasi medium, so that fish oreochromis mossambicus is still worthy of consumption, but need to watch out for, considering the Cr are toxic, carcinogenic, bioakumulatif and biomagnifikasi would potentially interfere with health. ","PeriodicalId":33480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46630943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pseudomonas fluorescens not only enhances the plant growth but also controls the fungal pathogens by production of anti fungal metabolites. The objective of this experiment was to identify P. fluorescens using different biochemical tests. This research was carried out in Plant Pathology Laboratory at Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The result of this experiment indicated that P. fluorescens gave positive result for Catalase test, Gelatin liquefaction, Fluorescent pigment and Oxidase test but negative result for starch hydrolysis test. The colony of P. fluorescens was maximum in maize seed than that of rice seed after two hours of inoculation, whereas higher number of colony was found in rice seed than that of maize seed after twenty four hours of seed inoculation. This findings is useful for identifying colony of P. fluorescens per seed which is necessary for better seedling growth and effective biological control of pathogens.
{"title":"Identification of Pseudomonas fluorescens using different biochemical tests","authors":"Bikram Nepali, S. Bhattarai, J. Shrestha","doi":"10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.5260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.5260","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas fluorescens not only enhances the plant growth but also controls the fungal pathogens by production of anti fungal metabolites. The objective of this experiment was to identify P. fluorescens using different biochemical tests. This research was carried out in Plant Pathology Laboratory at Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The result of this experiment indicated that P. fluorescens gave positive result for Catalase test, Gelatin liquefaction, Fluorescent pigment and Oxidase test but negative result for starch hydrolysis test. The colony of P. fluorescens was maximum in maize seed than that of rice seed after two hours of inoculation, whereas higher number of colony was found in rice seed than that of maize seed after twenty four hours of seed inoculation. This findings is useful for identifying colony of P. fluorescens per seed which is necessary for better seedling growth and effective biological control of pathogens.","PeriodicalId":33480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47319345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Adhikari, J. Shrestha, Bishal Dhakal, B. Joshi, Naba Raj Bhatta
Detailed information on the genetic diversity between maize germplasm (Zea mays L.) is useful for their systematic and efficient use in breeding programs. Fourteen early maize genotypes were studied to assess their performance and genotypic diversity at Doti, Nepal in 2015. Days to tasseling, days to silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter and grain yield were significant among genotypes. Genotype SO3TEY-PO-BM, COMPOL-NIOBP and ACROSS-99402 were found higher yielder with earlier maturity. Days to tasseling (0.85), days to silking (0.82), plant height (0.79), ear length (0.71) and ear diameter (0.66) were found highly heritable traits. Grain yield (0.39) and ear height (0.47) medium and remaining traits showed low heritability. High PCV was observed for grain yield (35.10%), number of plants/plot (34.46%), tesseling silking interval (26.85%), harvested ears/plot (24.45%) and husk cover rating (22.85%) where other traits showed medium to low PCV. Grain yield showed high GCV (21.96%), ear height and husk cover had medium and remaining traits showed low GCV (<10%). Plant height (r₌0.498), harvested plants/plot (r₌0.412), harvested ear/plot (r₌0.762), ear length (r₌0.472) and ear diameter (r₌0.470) showed significant positive correlation with grain yield. The yield can be improved if selection applied in favor of those yield components.
{"title":"Agronomic performance and genotypic diversity for morphological traits among early maize genotypes","authors":"B. Adhikari, J. Shrestha, Bishal Dhakal, B. Joshi, Naba Raj Bhatta","doi":"10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.5633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.5633","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed information on the genetic diversity between maize germplasm (Zea mays L.) is useful for their systematic and efficient use in breeding programs. Fourteen early maize genotypes were studied to assess their performance and genotypic diversity at Doti, Nepal in 2015. Days to tasseling, days to silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter and grain yield were significant among genotypes. Genotype SO3TEY-PO-BM, COMPOL-NIOBP and ACROSS-99402 were found higher yielder with earlier maturity. Days to tasseling (0.85), days to silking (0.82), plant height (0.79), ear length (0.71) and ear diameter (0.66) were found highly heritable traits. Grain yield (0.39) and ear height (0.47) medium and remaining traits showed low heritability. High PCV was observed for grain yield (35.10%), number of plants/plot (34.46%), tesseling silking interval (26.85%), harvested ears/plot (24.45%) and husk cover rating (22.85%) where other traits showed medium to low PCV. Grain yield showed high GCV (21.96%), ear height and husk cover had medium and remaining traits showed low GCV (<10%). Plant height (r₌0.498), harvested plants/plot (r₌0.412), harvested ear/plot (r₌0.762), ear length (r₌0.472) and ear diameter (r₌0.470) showed significant positive correlation with grain yield. The yield can be improved if selection applied in favor of those yield components.","PeriodicalId":33480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42810295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. B. Gurung, B. Bhandari, J. Shrestha, M. Tripathi
Genotypic yield potential of maize varieties is greatly affected by sowing dates. In order to investigate the effects of sowing dates and varieties on the grain yield of maize, the field experiment was carried out at research field of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from April 2009 to March 2010. Three varieties namely Rampur Composite, Arun-2 and Gaurav were sown at every week. The results of experiment showed that interaction effect of variety and sowing date on grain yield of maize was significant. Rampur Composite produced highest grain yield (6.1 t/ha) in August and lowest yield (2.6 t/ha) in May. Similarly Arun-2 produced highest yield (4.6 t/ha) in August and lowest yield (2.1 t/ha) in May. Gaurav produced highest grain yield (5.1 t/ha) in September followed by 4.9, 4.8 and 4.6 t/ha in February, July and August respectively and lowest yield (1.5 t/ha) in November. The sowing date was highly significant on grain production. The highest grain production was 5.1 t/ha in August followed by in February (4.9 t/ha), September (4.6 t/ha) and March (4.4 t/ha) respectively. The lowest grain yield was produced in May (2.4 t/ha). Therefore it was concluded that August planting was best for higher grain production of maize varieties (Rampur Composite, Arun-2 and Gaurav) in terai region of Nepal.
{"title":"Productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by varieties and sowing dates","authors":"D. B. Gurung, B. Bhandari, J. Shrestha, M. Tripathi","doi":"10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.4673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAB.V2I2.4673","url":null,"abstract":"Genotypic yield potential of maize varieties is greatly affected by sowing dates. In order to investigate the effects of sowing dates and varieties on the grain yield of maize, the field experiment was carried out at research field of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from April 2009 to March 2010. Three varieties namely Rampur Composite, Arun-2 and Gaurav were sown at every week. The results of experiment showed that interaction effect of variety and sowing date on grain yield of maize was significant. Rampur Composite produced highest grain yield (6.1 t/ha) in August and lowest yield (2.6 t/ha) in May. Similarly Arun-2 produced highest yield (4.6 t/ha) in August and lowest yield (2.1 t/ha) in May. Gaurav produced highest grain yield (5.1 t/ha) in September followed by 4.9, 4.8 and 4.6 t/ha in February, July and August respectively and lowest yield (1.5 t/ha) in November. The sowing date was highly significant on grain production. The highest grain production was 5.1 t/ha in August followed by in February (4.9 t/ha), September (4.6 t/ha) and March (4.4 t/ha) respectively. The lowest grain yield was produced in May (2.4 t/ha). Therefore it was concluded that August planting was best for higher grain production of maize varieties (Rampur Composite, Arun-2 and Gaurav) in terai region of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":33480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41643674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by using algae Spirogyra peipingensis was conducted. This research aimed to determine biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by using algae Spirogyra peipingensis with different concentration and incubation time. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles using HauCl4 solution with variations of concentration 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm respectively in 1 liter of aquabidest. Algae Spirogyra peipingensis was grown in HauCl4 medium with the addition of 0.2 gr Sulfahri-01 nutrient. Then each 5 gram Spirogyra algae incubated in HAuCl4 medium with the addition of Sulfahri-01 0.2 gram nutrients. 4 hours long incubation under exposure to sunlight. Nanoparticle size determination is done by looking at the color that appears in the solution. From the results of the research, it is known that Spirogyra peipingensis algae is able to synthesize gold nanoparticles characterized by the color change in algae biomass from green to purple color after being treated and forming gold nanoparticles with size 40-60 NM. The best-used HAuCl4 consent is 5 ppm with the smallest particle size. KeywordIntracelullar, Spirogyra peipingensis,HAuCl4,Biosynthesis. Article HistoryReceived 8 May 2017 Accepted 3 July 2017
{"title":"The Potential of Algae Spyrogyra peipingensis to Produce Nanogold in Batch Culture Medium","authors":"Arbaina Syahdinnur, Agusrahman Ekaputra Abas, Chitriani Armidha","doi":"10.20956/IJAB.V2I1.4450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAB.V2I1.4450","url":null,"abstract":"The biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by using algae Spirogyra peipingensis was conducted. This research aimed to determine biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by using algae Spirogyra peipingensis with different concentration and incubation time. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles using HauCl4 solution with variations of concentration 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm respectively in 1 liter of aquabidest. Algae Spirogyra peipingensis was grown in HauCl4 medium with the addition of 0.2 gr Sulfahri-01 nutrient. Then each 5 gram Spirogyra algae incubated in HAuCl4 medium with the addition of Sulfahri-01 0.2 gram nutrients. 4 hours long incubation under exposure to sunlight. Nanoparticle size determination is done by looking at the color that appears in the solution. From the results of the research, it is known that Spirogyra peipingensis algae is able to synthesize gold nanoparticles characterized by the color change in algae biomass from green to purple color after being treated and forming gold nanoparticles with size 40-60 NM. The best-used HAuCl4 consent is 5 ppm with the smallest particle size. KeywordIntracelullar, Spirogyra peipingensis,HAuCl4,Biosynthesis. Article HistoryReceived 8 May 2017 Accepted 3 July 2017 ","PeriodicalId":33480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44216613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aims of this study are to determine the feasibility of Bengawan Solo River water for irrigation of rice field in Sragen, Central Java and to find solution to the problem. The data used in this study were obtained from various literatures related to the issues discussed. The collected data were then selected and analyzed with descriptive argumentative. The result indicates that the water quality of Bengawan Solo River has dropped below the water quality standard grade IV according to Government Regulation Number 82 Year 2001. The use of water from this river has caused the quality of rice to decline below the rice quality standard according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01.6128-2008 due to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals on rice crops, i.e. copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and Chromium (Cr) exceeded the threshold. Solution proposed to overcome this problem is with counseling programs to farmers conducted by relevant agencies on the use of rice field pollution control technology by physics, chemistry, and biology.
{"title":"Water Feasibility Study of Bengawan Solo River for Irrigation: The Need for Technology to Solve Rice Field Pollution in Sragen, Indonesia","authors":"S. Prajoko","doi":"10.20956/IJAB.V2I1.3971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/IJAB.V2I1.3971","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study are to determine the feasibility of Bengawan Solo River water for irrigation of rice field in Sragen, Central Java and to find solution to the problem. The data used in this study were obtained from various literatures related to the issues discussed. The collected data were then selected and analyzed with descriptive argumentative. The result indicates that the water quality of Bengawan Solo River has dropped below the water quality standard grade IV according to Government Regulation Number 82 Year 2001. The use of water from this river has caused the quality of rice to decline below the rice quality standard according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01.6128-2008 due to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals on rice crops, i.e. copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and Chromium (Cr) exceeded the threshold. Solution proposed to overcome this problem is with counseling programs to farmers conducted by relevant agencies on the use of rice field pollution control technology by physics, chemistry, and biology.","PeriodicalId":33480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48030356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Thakur, G. Bhandari, J. Shrestha, Buddhi B. Achhami
Studies on the effect of different planting dates and varieties of maize on the infestation of maize stem borer (Chilo partellus) were carried out at research field of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal in 2010/11 and 2011/12. Three maize varieties namely namely Arun-2, Rampur Composite and Gaurav (hybrid) were grown at weekly interval upto 52 weeks from January to December. The results revealed that the damage was higher in Arun-2 (38.9%) followed by Gaurav (35.4%) and Rampur Composite (30.8%) respectively. Higher damage was observed in April (58.2%) and the damage was gradually decreased toward the month of January/February (13.2 to 25.6%) and November/December (13.3 to 16.5%). Lower infestation was observed in winter season (22.5%) followed by spring (47.1%) and summer season (47.0%) respectively. This study suggests that the percent infestation of maize stem borer can be minimized by planting Rampur Composite variety in winter season.
{"title":"Effect planting dates and varieties on infestation of maize stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)","authors":"P. Thakur, G. Bhandari, J. Shrestha, Buddhi B. Achhami","doi":"10.20956/ijab.v2i1.4512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v2i1.4512","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the effect of different planting dates and varieties of maize on the infestation of maize stem borer (Chilo partellus) were carried out at research field of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal in 2010/11 and 2011/12. Three maize varieties namely namely Arun-2, Rampur Composite and Gaurav (hybrid) were grown at weekly interval upto 52 weeks from January to December. The results revealed that the damage was higher in Arun-2 (38.9%) followed by Gaurav (35.4%) and Rampur Composite (30.8%) respectively. Higher damage was observed in April (58.2%) and the damage was gradually decreased toward the month of January/February (13.2 to 25.6%) and November/December (13.3 to 16.5%). Lower infestation was observed in winter season (22.5%) followed by spring (47.1%) and summer season (47.0%) respectively. This study suggests that the percent infestation of maize stem borer can be minimized by planting Rampur Composite variety in winter season.","PeriodicalId":33480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48217076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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