Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.133542.1231
Aya Al-Gorani, M. Al-Jubbori, K. Majeed
The aim of study is to measure osteoporosis in the right foot at the heel (calcaneus) by using the quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technique. It was measured (SOS, BUA, BQI, T-score and Z-score). While the usage of the DXA technique is measure the tissue thickness. Osteoporosis represents low bone mineral density (BMD). The heel of the foot (calcaneus) uses in QUS measurements because it contains a high ratio of trabecular bone. T-score is the predominant the diagnosis of osteoporosis used for adults, men and women over 50 years. From T-score can be to know the ratio of BMD, according to the WHO a T-score can be classified (Normal, Osteopenia and Osteoporosis). Age group 31-40 years was T-score for both sex (-0.667) is meaning (Normal bone). In the age group, 51-60 years was T-score (-1.60) for both sex represents (osteopenia). While age group 71-80 years T-score for females (-2.56) and males (-3.30), means that both males and females have (osteoporosis). P-value<0.0001 for a linear relationship between Z-score and calcaneal SOS, the value of correlation coefficient (R=0.916) and correlation coefficient square (Rsq=0.838). For correlation parameters of the relationship between calcaneal BUA and BMI includes both (P-value=0.8, R=0.020, Rsq=0.0004). The relationship between calcaneal BQI and tissue thickness is the P-value=0.7, the value correlation coefficient and the correlation coefficient square (R=-0.029, R=0.0008).
{"title":"Measurement of Osteoporosis Using Quantitative Ultrasound Technique","authors":"Aya Al-Gorani, M. Al-Jubbori, K. Majeed","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.133542.1231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.133542.1231","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of study is to measure osteoporosis in the right foot at the heel (calcaneus) by using the quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technique. It was measured (SOS, BUA, BQI, T-score and Z-score). While the usage of the DXA technique is measure the tissue thickness. Osteoporosis represents low bone mineral density (BMD). The heel of the foot (calcaneus) uses in QUS measurements because it contains a high ratio of trabecular bone. T-score is the predominant the diagnosis of osteoporosis used for adults, men and women over 50 years. From T-score can be to know the ratio of BMD, according to the WHO a T-score can be classified (Normal, Osteopenia and Osteoporosis). Age group 31-40 years was T-score for both sex (-0.667) is meaning (Normal bone). In the age group, 51-60 years was T-score (-1.60) for both sex represents (osteopenia). While age group 71-80 years T-score for females (-2.56) and males (-3.30), means that both males and females have (osteoporosis). P-value<0.0001 for a linear relationship between Z-score and calcaneal SOS, the value of correlation coefficient (R=0.916) and correlation coefficient square (Rsq=0.838). For correlation parameters of the relationship between calcaneal BUA and BMI includes both (P-value=0.8, R=0.020, Rsq=0.0004). The relationship between calcaneal BQI and tissue thickness is the P-value=0.7, the value correlation coefficient and the correlation coefficient square (R=-0.029, R=0.0008).","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44325073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.136335.1285
Saja Ibrahim, A. Khattab
: Phenolic mercapto oxadiazole and triazole monomers were prepared and then azotized with aniline and Para-phenylene diamine. The prepared monomers have been characterized with FTIR and1HNMR. The six prepared monomers were polymerized by condensation with formaldehyde in a basic medium. The polymer was recognized by FTIR, thermal analysis, and fine elemental analysis (CHN). The results have shown that the presence of azo moiety decreases the thermal stability and the glass transition temperature of the polymers. Also, the oxadiazole polymers are more thermally stable and have higher Tg than the triazole polymers. Doping with different ratios of iodine vapor was carried out on the polymer. The electrical conductivity of the pure and doped polymers was measured by using three probe cells. The results also revealed that the azo moiety increases the conductivity of the pure polymers to some extent (from 1.45534E-11 to 4.69038E-10 ohm-1cm-1 for oxadiazole polymers and from 1.15263E-10 to 3.2680E-10 ohm-1cm-1 for triazole polymers). It was also shown that the electrical conductivity was increased by many orders of magnitude (2-3 orders).by increasing the ratio of the doping.
{"title":"The Effect of Azo Moiety on the Electrical Conductivity of Oxadiazole and Triazole Containing Polymers","authors":"Saja Ibrahim, A. Khattab","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.136335.1285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.136335.1285","url":null,"abstract":": Phenolic mercapto oxadiazole and triazole monomers were prepared and then azotized with aniline and Para-phenylene diamine. The prepared monomers have been characterized with FTIR and1HNMR. The six prepared monomers were polymerized by condensation with formaldehyde in a basic medium. The polymer was recognized by FTIR, thermal analysis, and fine elemental analysis (CHN). The results have shown that the presence of azo moiety decreases the thermal stability and the glass transition temperature of the polymers. Also, the oxadiazole polymers are more thermally stable and have higher Tg than the triazole polymers. Doping with different ratios of iodine vapor was carried out on the polymer. The electrical conductivity of the pure and doped polymers was measured by using three probe cells. The results also revealed that the azo moiety increases the conductivity of the pure polymers to some extent (from 1.45534E-11 to 4.69038E-10 ohm-1cm-1 for oxadiazole polymers and from 1.15263E-10 to 3.2680E-10 ohm-1cm-1 for triazole polymers). It was also shown that the electrical conductivity was increased by many orders of magnitude (2-3 orders).by increasing the ratio of the doping.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43458622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.136098.1279
M. Younis, Anwer Al-khero
This study was conducted in the laboratory and nursery of the Department of forest sciences, College of Agriculture and Forestry/ University of Mosul, the aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal distribution of root rot disease, which causes severe damage to cypress seedling Cupressus sempervirens L. , this study showed through a field survey conducted of some private and public nurseries in Mosul city during September and the November of 2020 and January , March, May and July of 2021, as it was found that the highest rate of infection with the disease was in May 2021, it amounted to 22%, and that the lowest rate of infection was in January of the same year,which amounted to 8%, Fusarium solani was appeared at highest rate 50% in July 2021, and the lowest rate of isolation reached 8.33% of Rhizoctonia solani in September 2020 and January 2021.
{"title":"Effect of aqueous and alcoholic leaves extract of Platanus occidentalis L. in Cupressus sempervirens root rot.","authors":"M. Younis, Anwer Al-khero","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.136098.1279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.136098.1279","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in the laboratory and nursery of the Department of forest sciences, College of Agriculture and Forestry/ University of Mosul, the aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal distribution of root rot disease, which causes severe damage to cypress seedling Cupressus sempervirens L. , this study showed through a field survey conducted of some private and public nurseries in Mosul city during September and the November of 2020 and January , March, May and July of 2021, as it was found that the highest rate of infection with the disease was in May 2021, it amounted to 22%, and that the lowest rate of infection was in January of the same year,which amounted to 8%, Fusarium solani was appeared at highest rate 50% in July 2021, and the lowest rate of isolation reached 8.33% of Rhizoctonia solani in September 2020 and January 2021.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46883591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.135082.1273
ِAbdulnasir Ahmad
Modern operating systems are based on the principle of time-sharing in executing simultaneous operations. Determining the length of the time slice, and the times when processes arrive at the ready queue are problems that affect metrics as the average waiting time (AWT), average turnaround time (ATAT), response time (RT) and the number of context switches (NCS) of the time-sharing round robin RR algorithms. The research aims to propose an algorithm that achieves a short waiting time while maintaining a reasonable response time, which is the most important characteristic of time-sharing algorithms. The Different Arrival-Dynamic Quantum Round Robin (DADQRR) algorithm bases its work on different parameters to adjust the time slice value dynamically. The algorithm has been compared to three other algorithms that are similar in terms of dealing with different arrival times, namely AN, MARR, RR. The algorithm outperformed the three algorithms at range from 6.155% to 31.409% in term of AWT. It achieved an outperformance of 5.924% to 30.850%, considering the TAT. The ranges of outperformance values resulted from the difference in the ranges of arrival times, as well as in the ranges of burst times.
{"title":"Improved Round Robin CPU Scheduling Algorithm with Different Arrival Times Based on Dynamic Quantum","authors":"ِAbdulnasir Ahmad","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.135082.1273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.135082.1273","url":null,"abstract":"Modern operating systems are based on the principle of time-sharing in executing simultaneous operations. Determining the length of the time slice, and the times when processes arrive at the ready queue are problems that affect metrics as the average waiting time (AWT), average turnaround time (ATAT), response time (RT) and the number of context switches (NCS) of the time-sharing round robin RR algorithms. The research aims to propose an algorithm that achieves a short waiting time while maintaining a reasonable response time, which is the most important characteristic of time-sharing algorithms. The Different Arrival-Dynamic Quantum Round Robin (DADQRR) algorithm bases its work on different parameters to adjust the time slice value dynamically. The algorithm has been compared to three other algorithms that are similar in terms of dealing with different arrival times, namely AN, MARR, RR. The algorithm outperformed the three algorithms at range from 6.155% to 31.409% in term of AWT. It achieved an outperformance of 5.924% to 30.850%, considering the TAT. The ranges of outperformance values resulted from the difference in the ranges of arrival times, as well as in the ranges of burst times.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45096819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.136176.1280
Y. Ibrahim
With the development and complexity of life, the need to improve images appeared, especially when used in field such as industry, which affect the life of citizens, such as the manufacture of fabrics. Precision is required in the production of these fabrics especially when it comes to the colors and patterns of these fabrics. Edge identification is the first step in many digital image-processing applications. Edge identification greatly decreases the data quantity, undesirable filters or unimportant data and provides the important data into the image. This paper presents a practical study to compare different edge detectors to determine which edge detector achieves better results, which in turn reflects the best pattern in the fabric. These detectors are Canny, Roberts, Laplace and Gabor. A database of thirty color JPG images collected from the Internet was arranged and a quality scale was used to compare filter detectors. The system MATLAB2020 was used to program the proposed work. The results enhancement was measured by the quality coefficient. This coefficient estimated as follows for Roberts filter (44.27-51.09); Gabor filter (43.46-44.48); Canny filter (44.46-52.05); and Laplace filter (44.71-5.40). Therefore, it turns out that the Gabor filter is the best of these filters in defining the edges that were used in defining the pattern.
{"title":"Evaluation of the best Edge Filters in Image Processing Based on the Color Fabric Texture","authors":"Y. Ibrahim","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.136176.1280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.136176.1280","url":null,"abstract":"With the development and complexity of life, the need to improve images appeared, especially when used in field such as industry, which affect the life of citizens, such as the manufacture of fabrics. Precision is required in the production of these fabrics especially when it comes to the colors and patterns of these fabrics. Edge identification is the first step in many digital image-processing applications. Edge identification greatly decreases the data quantity, undesirable filters or unimportant data and provides the important data into the image. This paper presents a practical study to compare different edge detectors to determine which edge detector achieves better results, which in turn reflects the best pattern in the fabric. These detectors are Canny, Roberts, Laplace and Gabor. A database of thirty color JPG images collected from the Internet was arranged and a quality scale was used to compare filter detectors. The system MATLAB2020 was used to program the proposed work. The results enhancement was measured by the quality coefficient. This coefficient estimated as follows for Roberts filter (44.27-51.09); Gabor filter (43.46-44.48); Canny filter (44.46-52.05); and Laplace filter (44.71-5.40). Therefore, it turns out that the Gabor filter is the best of these filters in defining the edges that were used in defining the pattern.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47863817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.134812.1263
D. Ali, A. Mohammed
The present study was conducted to determine the impact of nanoparticles (Ti O 2 and ZnO) at concentrations (100,500,1000,5000) ppm and Bacillus thuringiensis spores at concentration ( 10 6 , 10 7 ,10 8 and 10 9 cells/ml of Distilled water on some biological aspects of greater wax moth( Galleria mellonella) . The results showed that these materials have a significant effect on the development stages, larva and pupa of Galleria mellonella .The nanoparticles had a clear effect on the mortality of the insect at high concentrations, 5000ppm of ZnO increased the killing rate in the larvae and pupae to 80.10% and 34.64 respectively. Treatment with these materials also had a significant effect in some biological aspects of the first generation adults. The average number of eggs was 22.667 and 10.007 in the treatment with concentration 5000ppm of both Ti O 2 and ZnO respectively, while the average number of eggs was 9.667 in the treatment with 10 6 of Bacillus thuringiensis spores . Treatment with concentration 5000ppm also caused a reduction in the eggs laying of the greater wax moth to reach 87.720 and 95.163% of both, Ti O 2 and ZnO respectively, compared with Bacillus thuringiensis spores with showed 94.233% at 10 6 concentration.
{"title":"Effect of treating the larval stage of the large waxworm Galleria mellonella with different concentrations of zinc oxide nanomaterials ZnO, titanium dioxide TiO2 and Bacillus thuringiensis spores on some aspects of the insect's life.","authors":"D. Ali, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.134812.1263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.134812.1263","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine the impact of nanoparticles (Ti O 2 and ZnO) at concentrations (100,500,1000,5000) ppm and Bacillus thuringiensis spores at concentration ( 10 6 , 10 7 ,10 8 and 10 9 cells/ml of Distilled water on some biological aspects of greater wax moth( Galleria mellonella) . The results showed that these materials have a significant effect on the development stages, larva and pupa of Galleria mellonella .The nanoparticles had a clear effect on the mortality of the insect at high concentrations, 5000ppm of ZnO increased the killing rate in the larvae and pupae to 80.10% and 34.64 respectively. Treatment with these materials also had a significant effect in some biological aspects of the first generation adults. The average number of eggs was 22.667 and 10.007 in the treatment with concentration 5000ppm of both Ti O 2 and ZnO respectively, while the average number of eggs was 9.667 in the treatment with 10 6 of Bacillus thuringiensis spores . Treatment with concentration 5000ppm also caused a reduction in the eggs laying of the greater wax moth to reach 87.720 and 95.163% of both, Ti O 2 and ZnO respectively, compared with Bacillus thuringiensis spores with showed 94.233% at 10 6 concentration.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43955621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.134802.1261
M. Qader, Yahya A. Shekha
The nutrients Phosphorous, Nitrogen and Carbon are essential for aquatic life. However, in excess they also cause serious problems. For this reason, wastewater treatment must meet nutrient effluent limits. A wastewater sample was taken near Dhahibah village from the Erbil wastewater channel in the north of Iraq. In this experiment, pure cultures of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were used to treat wastewater. Samples were measured for physicochemical parameters like EC, pH, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, and BOD5 using standard methods every third day during 21 days of experiment. The results revealed that Aspergillus niger had the maximum efficiency in removing BOD 5 , NH 4 , NO 3 , and EC (87.27, 89.57, 83.52, and 78.49%) respectively. On the other hand, during the experimental period, Candida albicans had the maximum efficiency in decreasing PO4, and NO2, were (91.58% and 88.89%), respectively. Statistically, there were differences (P≤0.05) between the control sample and the treated wastewater sample for both fungal stains for all parameters during the experiment.
{"title":"Application of two fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans in wastewater quality improvement","authors":"M. Qader, Yahya A. Shekha","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.134802.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.134802.1261","url":null,"abstract":"The nutrients Phosphorous, Nitrogen and Carbon are essential for aquatic life. However, in excess they also cause serious problems. For this reason, wastewater treatment must meet nutrient effluent limits. A wastewater sample was taken near Dhahibah village from the Erbil wastewater channel in the north of Iraq. In this experiment, pure cultures of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were used to treat wastewater. Samples were measured for physicochemical parameters like EC, pH, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, and BOD5 using standard methods every third day during 21 days of experiment. The results revealed that Aspergillus niger had the maximum efficiency in removing BOD 5 , NH 4 , NO 3 , and EC (87.27, 89.57, 83.52, and 78.49%) respectively. On the other hand, during the experimental period, Candida albicans had the maximum efficiency in decreasing PO4, and NO2, were (91.58% and 88.89%), respectively. Statistically, there were differences (P≤0.05) between the control sample and the treated wastewater sample for both fungal stains for all parameters during the experiment.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49375816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.134981.1268
Raddad Mahmoud, R. Rasool
This research includes a study of the effect of the thickness of each layer of perovskite solar cell (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) /TiO 2 /ZnO/FTO) and selecting the best thickness to obtain the highest efficiency of the cell, and studying the effect of adding a back surfsce layer on the efficiency of the solar cell using (SCAPS1-D). The perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) was adopted as absorption layer and its thickness tested from (1-7µm) with an increase of (1µm) to obtain the best thickness for best efficiency of the solar cell, its best thickness was (5µm), the thickness of the buffer layer (TiO 2 ) was tested from (0.5-1.5 µm) with an increase of (0.25µm) and its best thickness was (0.5 µm), the thickness of the transparent conduction oxide (FTO) layer was tested (0.1-1.1µm) with an increase of (0.2µm) and its best thickness was (0.1 µm) and the thickness of the window layer(ZnO) was tested (0.1-0.5 µm) with an increase of (0.1µm) and its best thickness was (0.1µm).The effect of the window layer on the thickness of the buffer layer was studied and it was found that the best thickness of the buffer layer is (0.05µm). Finally, a back surface field layer was added, which is zinc telluride (ZnTe) with a thickness of (0.1 µm) and its thickness was studied, and its best thickness was (0.05µm) .It was found that the best thickness of the absorbent layer after adding the back surface field layer is (1µm). The final outputs of the cell were as follows: Voc=1.288(V), Jsc=25mA/cm2, FF=89.55%, ƞ=28.82%
{"title":"Studying the effect of changing the thickness of the layers of the perovskite solar cell (ZnTe /CH3NH3PbI3 /TiO2/ZnO/FTO) using the simulation program (SCAPS 1-D)","authors":"Raddad Mahmoud, R. Rasool","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.134981.1268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.134981.1268","url":null,"abstract":"This research includes a study of the effect of the thickness of each layer of perovskite solar cell (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) /TiO 2 /ZnO/FTO) and selecting the best thickness to obtain the highest efficiency of the cell, and studying the effect of adding a back surfsce layer on the efficiency of the solar cell using (SCAPS1-D). The perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) was adopted as absorption layer and its thickness tested from (1-7µm) with an increase of (1µm) to obtain the best thickness for best efficiency of the solar cell, its best thickness was (5µm), the thickness of the buffer layer (TiO 2 ) was tested from (0.5-1.5 µm) with an increase of (0.25µm) and its best thickness was (0.5 µm), the thickness of the transparent conduction oxide (FTO) layer was tested (0.1-1.1µm) with an increase of (0.2µm) and its best thickness was (0.1 µm) and the thickness of the window layer(ZnO) was tested (0.1-0.5 µm) with an increase of (0.1µm) and its best thickness was (0.1µm).The effect of the window layer on the thickness of the buffer layer was studied and it was found that the best thickness of the buffer layer is (0.05µm). Finally, a back surface field layer was added, which is zinc telluride (ZnTe) with a thickness of (0.1 µm) and its thickness was studied, and its best thickness was (0.05µm) .It was found that the best thickness of the absorbent layer after adding the back surface field layer is (1µm). The final outputs of the cell were as follows: Voc=1.288(V), Jsc=25mA/cm2, FF=89.55%, ƞ=28.82%","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48974819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.135880.1276
Zaid Yuonis, Aswan Ali, Emad Saleh, M. Mohamed
The research presents an effective and efficient mechanism for treating air and improving its specifications by designing and manufacturing a portable and small environmentally friendly device that works by an electric reactor to produce negative ions, which vibrate in the air during the discharge of negative charges to work on the association of negative ions with pollutants that carry a positive charge and fall by gravity and oxidize It decomposes and its effect diminishes and the production of small amounts of ozone works to kill pathogens without irritating the respiratory passages and lungs or causing side effects of living organisms
{"title":"Air Treatment by Negative Ions","authors":"Zaid Yuonis, Aswan Ali, Emad Saleh, M. Mohamed","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.135880.1276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.135880.1276","url":null,"abstract":"The research presents an effective and efficient mechanism for treating air and improving its specifications by designing and manufacturing a portable and small environmentally friendly device that works by an electric reactor to produce negative ions, which vibrate in the air during the discharge of negative charges to work on the association of negative ions with pollutants that carry a positive charge and fall by gravity and oxidize It decomposes and its effect diminishes and the production of small amounts of ozone works to kill pathogens without irritating the respiratory passages and lungs or causing side effects of living organisms","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43489139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2022.134548.1256
Muna allhiby, Mutaz AlJuboori
Colloidal nanoparticles attended with a pulsed Nd:YAG, Q-switch in water distilled at wavelength (1064nm) and frequency rate (1Hz) and pulse duration (10ns) and silver nanoparticles attended without the use of surface tensile as laser removal of the silver target (10ns) was attended by silver nanoparticles without the use of surface tensile as laser removal of the silver target (10ns) was attended High purity) reached purity (99.9) immersed in distilled water (deionized) where the metal target was first removed from silver placed in (5mL) from distilled water, a specific laser card (260mJ) and a number of pulse fixed laser pulses(50, 100, 150) respectively, where the size and optical characteristics of nanoparticles were distinguished by the powerful electron microscope (TEM) and visible UV spectrometry (visible-UV), respectively, and the peaks of surface plasma resonance (SPR) showed an increase at (403) and (405) Nm, which is therefore within the permitted range, showed a higher peak of 405 nm and showed sharp spectra, although the width of the spectra slightly increased and the energy gaps showed an increase in the amount of 2.54eV at pulse (50). And (2.57eV) at pulse (100) and valued (2.66eV) at pulse (150).
{"title":"Study of Optical and Structural Properties of Silver Solution Ag Nanoparticles","authors":"Muna allhiby, Mutaz AlJuboori","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2022.134548.1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2022.134548.1256","url":null,"abstract":"Colloidal nanoparticles attended with a pulsed Nd:YAG, Q-switch in water distilled at wavelength (1064nm) and frequency rate (1Hz) and pulse duration (10ns) and silver nanoparticles attended without the use of surface tensile as laser removal of the silver target (10ns) was attended by silver nanoparticles without the use of surface tensile as laser removal of the silver target (10ns) was attended High purity) reached purity (99.9) immersed in distilled water (deionized) where the metal target was first removed from silver placed in (5mL) from distilled water, a specific laser card (260mJ) and a number of pulse fixed laser pulses(50, 100, 150) respectively, where the size and optical characteristics of nanoparticles were distinguished by the powerful electron microscope (TEM) and visible UV spectrometry (visible-UV), respectively, and the peaks of surface plasma resonance (SPR) showed an increase at (403) and (405) Nm, which is therefore within the permitted range, showed a higher peak of 405 nm and showed sharp spectra, although the width of the spectra slightly increased and the energy gaps showed an increase in the amount of 2.54eV at pulse (50). And (2.57eV) at pulse (100) and valued (2.66eV) at pulse (150).","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43852550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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