Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2021.131045.1186
Hiba Alhafid, Nabeel Otman
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been suggested for the estimation of pure paminophenol(p-AMPL), and p-AMPL results from the hydrolysis of paracetamol (PARL). The suggested method is based on oxidative coupling reaction of p-AMPL with 4-chlororesorcinol and potassium periodate to produce a stable, and water-soluble colored product with maximum absorption at wavelength 556 nm. Beer's law is followed over the range of concentration from 2 to 20 μg. ml-1. The molar absorptivity value is equal to 1.0356×104 l.mol-1cm-1. All factors responsible for the completed reaction and highest intensity of the product have been studied, and the optimal of each factor has been selected. The suggested method was applied in an indirect method for the determination of paracetamol in tablets and injection after acidic hydrolysis to p-AMPL. The common excipients added did not interfere in the estimation of paracetamol.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric estimation of para-aminophenol via oxidative coupling reaction with 4-chlororesorcinol –Application to paracetamol","authors":"Hiba Alhafid, Nabeel Otman","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2021.131045.1186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2021.131045.1186","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been suggested for the estimation of pure paminophenol(p-AMPL), and p-AMPL results from the hydrolysis of paracetamol (PARL). The suggested method is based on oxidative coupling reaction of p-AMPL with 4-chlororesorcinol and potassium periodate to produce a stable, and water-soluble colored product with maximum absorption at wavelength 556 nm. Beer's law is followed over the range of concentration from 2 to 20 μg. ml-1. The molar absorptivity value is equal to 1.0356×104 l.mol-1cm-1. All factors responsible for the completed reaction and highest intensity of the product have been studied, and the optimal of each factor has been selected. The suggested method was applied in an indirect method for the determination of paracetamol in tablets and injection after acidic hydrolysis to p-AMPL. The common excipients added did not interfere in the estimation of paracetamol.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48216607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2021.126884.1196
Ahmed M. Sadoon, Ayman Mohamed Taib
The prediction of rate constant of Ethers reaction with Chloramine-T has been studied theoretically in this work using ab-initio and statistical calculations. The first order reaction between Ethers and Chloramine-T shows that the rate constant depends on the Ethers concentration. Therefore, ab initio calculations were used using DFT/ b3lyp with 6-311++G** as a basis set to extract the most stable geometry of the chosen ethers. Also, several physical parameters have been gained form these calculations such as mulliken charge at the active atoms, dipole moment, Homo and Lomo energy levels, Hardness, Electronic Chemical Potential and Global Electrophilicity Index. The relationship between these physical variables plays an effective role in the reaction rate. Therefore, statistical calculations were used to investigate the possible relationship between these physical parameters. These relationships can be predicted from the value of the correlation coefficient (R2) and the Standard error (SE). Simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed between these physical variables as independent variables and rate constant as a dependent variable using SPSS software. The results show high value of R2 (0.993) of the regression analysis which reflects the high relationship between these variables that affects the reaction rate concentration. The out data illustrates negligible differences (about 0.008) between the experimental and calculated rate constant value.
{"title":"Ab-initio and Statistical Calculations to predict the Rate Constant of Several Ethers Reactions with Chloramine-T","authors":"Ahmed M. Sadoon, Ayman Mohamed Taib","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2021.126884.1196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2021.126884.1196","url":null,"abstract":"The prediction of rate constant of Ethers reaction with Chloramine-T has been studied theoretically in this work using ab-initio and statistical calculations. The first order reaction between Ethers and Chloramine-T shows that the rate constant depends on the Ethers concentration. Therefore, ab initio calculations were used using DFT/ b3lyp with 6-311++G** as a basis set to extract the most stable geometry of the chosen ethers. Also, several physical parameters have been gained form these calculations such as mulliken charge at the active atoms, dipole moment, Homo and Lomo energy levels, Hardness, Electronic Chemical Potential and Global Electrophilicity Index. The relationship between these physical variables plays an effective role in the reaction rate. Therefore, statistical calculations were used to investigate the possible relationship between these physical parameters. These relationships can be predicted from the value of the correlation coefficient (R2) and the Standard error (SE). Simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed between these physical variables as independent variables and rate constant as a dependent variable using SPSS software. The results show high value of R2 (0.993) of the regression analysis which reflects the high relationship between these variables that affects the reaction rate concentration. The out data illustrates negligible differences (about 0.008) between the experimental and calculated rate constant value.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45710402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130894.1178
R. Ghazal, D. Fathy
This research work include studying one of the natural mineral ores available in Al-Hawy area (Mosul city – Northern Iraq) by chemical analysis and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to identify its components of the elements as oxides, X-ray diffraction was carried out to determine the percentages of clay minerals (natural zeolites) and non-clay minerals in the natural ore. The natural zeolites were concentrated by removing carbonate , iron and separating the convertible silica into sodium silicate, the prepared zeolite was converted into (H-form) by treated with ammonium nitrite solution (1M) ,then grafted with ruthenium chloride (RuCl3.6H2O) .The properties and specifications of the prepared zeolite (grafted and non-grafted) were studied using techniques of (XRF) ,(XRD),(BET) , (SEM) and (differential& thermo gravimetric analysis(DTA)&(TGA) ) ,it was found that have a chemical and crystalline composition within the specifications of zeolites, as well as a good surface area , thermal stability and selective porous channels.
{"title":"Preparation of Ruthenium chloride-grafted Zeolite from a Clay Mineral Ore and Studying Their Catalytic Properties","authors":"R. Ghazal, D. Fathy","doi":"10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130894.1178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130894.1178","url":null,"abstract":"This research work include studying one of the natural mineral ores available in Al-Hawy area (Mosul city – Northern Iraq) by chemical analysis and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to identify its components of the elements as oxides, X-ray diffraction was carried out to determine the percentages of clay minerals (natural zeolites) and non-clay minerals in the natural ore. The natural zeolites were concentrated by removing carbonate , iron and separating the convertible silica into sodium silicate, the prepared zeolite was converted into (H-form) by treated with ammonium nitrite solution (1M) ,then grafted with ruthenium chloride (RuCl3.6H2O) .The properties and specifications of the prepared zeolite (grafted and non-grafted) were studied using techniques of (XRF) ,(XRD),(BET) , (SEM) and (differential& thermo gravimetric analysis(DTA)&(TGA) ) ,it was found that have a chemical and crystalline composition within the specifications of zeolites, as well as a good surface area , thermal stability and selective porous channels.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48312527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130928.1179
H. Taher, Baydaa Khaleel
The objective is to use AI techniques to build a citrus image recognition system and to produce an integrated program that will assist plant protection professionals in determining whether the disease is infected and early detection for the purpose of taking the necessary preventive measures and reducing its spread to other plants. In this research, the RBF and FRBF networks were used and applied to 830 images, to detect whether citrus fruits were healthy or ill. At first, the preprocessing of these images was done, and they were reduced to 250 x 250 pixels, and the features were extracted from them using the co-occurrence matrix method (GLCM) after setting the gray level at 8 gradients and 1 pixel distance, 21 statistical features were derived, and then these features were introduced to RBF after determine the number of input layer nodes by 21 , 20 for the hidden layer and 1 node for output layer, the centers were randomly selected from the training data and the weights were also randomly selected and trained using the Pseudo Inverse method. The RBF network was hybridized with the fuzzy logic using the FCM method, the fuzziness parameter = 2.3 was selected, and a new network called FRBF was acquired. These networks were trained and tested in training data (660 images) and testing (170 images) for citrus fruits. The detection rate was then calculated, and the results showed that the (FRBF) had a higher accuracy of 98.24% compared to RBF of 94.71%. keywords: Artificial neural networks, Feature extraction, FRBF, Fuzzy c-means, RBF, Texture feature. ةببضملا ةيبصعلا ةكبشلا مادختسإب تايضمحلا ضارمأ فشك رهاط دعس ىده 1 * ، ليلخ ميهاربا ءاديب 2 مولع مسق ارعلا ،لصوملا ،لصوملا ةعماج ،تايضايرلاو بوساحلا مولع ةيلك ،بوساحلا ق قارعلا ،لصوملا ،لصوملا ةعماج ،بطلا ةيلك صخلملا ىلإ ثحبلا فدهي مادختسا روص زييمت ماظن ءانبل يعانطصلاا ءاكذلا تاينقت تايضمحلا تاتابن ةادأ دعي لماكتم جمانرب جاتن او ل ةدعاسم يوذ صاصتخلاا كلذو تاتابنلا ةياقو لاجم يف ديدحتل ب ةباصا كانه له ضرملا ضرغل هنع ركبملا فشكللو ذاختا تاءا رجلإا Journal of Education and Science (ISSN 1812-125X), Vol: 30, No: 5, 2021 (125-135) 126 نم دحلاو ةمزلالا ةيئاقولا هراشتنا .تاتابنلا ةيقبل ثحبلا اذه يف ، دختسا م ت ةكبش ( ةيعاعشلا ةدعاقلا ةلاد RBF ) ةكبش و ةدعاقلا ةلاد ةيعاعشلا ةببضملا ( FRBF ) اهقيبطتو ىلع روص ةعومجم ددعب 830 ةروص لل فشك ام ك اذإ ةضيرم مأ ةيحص تايضمحلا رامث تنا . ، ةيادبلا يف روصلا هذهل ةيلولأا ةجلاعملا تمت مجحب روص ىلا اهميجحتو 250 × 250 اهنم تا زيملا صلاختساو لسكيب ةقيرط مادختساب ( كرتشملا دجاوتلا ةفوفصم GLCM ) ىوتسملا ديدحت دعب يدامرلا ددعب 8 دحاو لسكيب ةفاسمبو تاجردت ، صلاختسا متو 21 ةيئاصحإ ةزيم اهنم ىلإ تا زيملا هذه لاخدإ مت مث RBF دعب لاخدلاا ةقبط ايلاخ ددع ديدحت ـب ( 21 ) و ( ـب ةئبخملا ةقبطلا 20 ةدحاو ةيلخو ةيلخ ) جا رخلإل ةقيرط مادختساب اهبيردتو اضيا ةيئاوشع ةروصب نا زولاا رايتخا متو بيردتلا تانايب نم ةيئاوشع ةروصب زكا رملا رايتخا متو Pseudo Inverse ةكبش نيجهت مت . RBF او ببضملا قطنملاب ل م مت ةقيرطب لث (FCM) يتخا متو ببضتلا لماعم را =(m) 2.3 لوصحلا متو ةكبشب تيمس ةديدج ةكبش ىلع Fuzzy RBF
{"title":"Detection of citrus diseases using a fuzzy neural network","authors":"H. Taher, Baydaa Khaleel","doi":"10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130928.1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130928.1179","url":null,"abstract":"The objective is to use AI techniques to build a citrus image recognition system and to produce an integrated program that will assist plant protection professionals in determining whether the disease is infected and early detection for the purpose of taking the necessary preventive measures and reducing its spread to other plants. In this research, the RBF and FRBF networks were used and applied to 830 images, to detect whether citrus fruits were healthy or ill. At first, the preprocessing of these images was done, and they were reduced to 250 x 250 pixels, and the features were extracted from them using the co-occurrence matrix method (GLCM) after setting the gray level at 8 gradients and 1 pixel distance, 21 statistical features were derived, and then these features were introduced to RBF after determine the number of input layer nodes by 21 , 20 for the hidden layer and 1 node for output layer, the centers were randomly selected from the training data and the weights were also randomly selected and trained using the Pseudo Inverse method. The RBF network was hybridized with the fuzzy logic using the FCM method, the fuzziness parameter = 2.3 was selected, and a new network called FRBF was acquired. These networks were trained and tested in training data (660 images) and testing (170 images) for citrus fruits. The detection rate was then calculated, and the results showed that the (FRBF) had a higher accuracy of 98.24% compared to RBF of 94.71%. keywords: Artificial neural networks, Feature extraction, FRBF, Fuzzy c-means, RBF, Texture feature. ةببضملا ةيبصعلا ةكبشلا مادختسإب تايضمحلا ضارمأ فشك رهاط دعس ىده 1 * ، ليلخ ميهاربا ءاديب 2 مولع مسق ارعلا ،لصوملا ،لصوملا ةعماج ،تايضايرلاو بوساحلا مولع ةيلك ،بوساحلا ق قارعلا ،لصوملا ،لصوملا ةعماج ،بطلا ةيلك صخلملا ىلإ ثحبلا فدهي مادختسا روص زييمت ماظن ءانبل يعانطصلاا ءاكذلا تاينقت تايضمحلا تاتابن ةادأ دعي لماكتم جمانرب جاتن او ل ةدعاسم يوذ صاصتخلاا كلذو تاتابنلا ةياقو لاجم يف ديدحتل ب ةباصا كانه له ضرملا ضرغل هنع ركبملا فشكللو ذاختا تاءا رجلإا Journal of Education and Science (ISSN 1812-125X), Vol: 30, No: 5, 2021 (125-135) 126 نم دحلاو ةمزلالا ةيئاقولا هراشتنا .تاتابنلا ةيقبل ثحبلا اذه يف ، دختسا م ت ةكبش ( ةيعاعشلا ةدعاقلا ةلاد RBF ) ةكبش و ةدعاقلا ةلاد ةيعاعشلا ةببضملا ( FRBF ) اهقيبطتو ىلع روص ةعومجم ددعب 830 ةروص لل فشك ام ك اذإ ةضيرم مأ ةيحص تايضمحلا رامث تنا . ، ةيادبلا يف روصلا هذهل ةيلولأا ةجلاعملا تمت مجحب روص ىلا اهميجحتو 250 × 250 اهنم تا زيملا صلاختساو لسكيب ةقيرط مادختساب ( كرتشملا دجاوتلا ةفوفصم GLCM ) ىوتسملا ديدحت دعب يدامرلا ددعب 8 دحاو لسكيب ةفاسمبو تاجردت ، صلاختسا متو 21 ةيئاصحإ ةزيم اهنم ىلإ تا زيملا هذه لاخدإ مت مث RBF دعب لاخدلاا ةقبط ايلاخ ددع ديدحت ـب ( 21 ) و ( ـب ةئبخملا ةقبطلا 20 ةدحاو ةيلخو ةيلخ ) جا رخلإل ةقيرط مادختساب اهبيردتو اضيا ةيئاوشع ةروصب نا زولاا رايتخا متو بيردتلا تانايب نم ةيئاوشع ةروصب زكا رملا رايتخا متو Pseudo Inverse ةكبش نيجهت مت . RBF او ببضملا قطنملاب ل م مت ةقيرطب لث (FCM) يتخا متو ببضتلا لماعم را =(m) 2.3 لوصحلا متو ةكبشب تيمس ةديدج ةكبش ىلع Fuzzy RBF","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48274930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130760.1173
O. Ahmed, Omar Abdulmunem Ibrahim Al-Dabbagh
Every day, there is great growth of the Internet and smart devices connected to the network. Additionally, there is an increasing number of malwares that attack networks, devices, system and applications. One of the biggest threats and newest attacks in cybersecurity is Ransom Software (Ransomware). Although there is a lot of research on detecting malware using machine learning (ML), only a few focus on ML-based ransomware detection, especially attacks targeting smartphone operating systems (e.g., Android) and applications. In this research, a new system was proposed to protect smartphones from malicious applications through monitoring network traffic. Six ML methods (Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Decision tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)) are applied to CICAndMal2017 dataset which consists of benign and various kinds of android malware samples. 603288 benign and ransomware samples were extracted from this collection. Ransomware samples were collected from 10 different families. Several types of feature selection techniques have been used on the dataset. Finally, seven performance metrics were used to determine the best feature selection and ML classifiers for ransomware detection. The experiment results imply that DT and XGB outperform other classifiers with best detection accuracy at more than (99.30%) and (99.20%) for (DT) and (XGB) respectively.
{"title":"Ransomware Detection System Based on Machine Learning","authors":"O. Ahmed, Omar Abdulmunem Ibrahim Al-Dabbagh","doi":"10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130760.1173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130760.1173","url":null,"abstract":"Every day, there is great growth of the Internet and smart devices connected to the network. Additionally, there is an increasing number of malwares that attack networks, devices, system and applications. One of the biggest threats and newest attacks in cybersecurity is Ransom Software (Ransomware). Although there is a lot of research on detecting malware using machine learning (ML), only a few focus on ML-based ransomware detection, especially attacks targeting smartphone operating systems (e.g., Android) and applications. In this research, a new system was proposed to protect smartphones from malicious applications through monitoring network traffic. Six ML methods (Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Decision tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)) are applied to CICAndMal2017 dataset which consists of benign and various kinds of android malware samples. 603288 benign and ransomware samples were extracted from this collection. Ransomware samples were collected from 10 different families. Several types of feature selection techniques have been used on the dataset. Finally, seven performance metrics were used to determine the best feature selection and ML classifiers for ransomware detection. The experiment results imply that DT and XGB outperform other classifiers with best detection accuracy at more than (99.30%) and (99.20%) for (DT) and (XGB) respectively.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49545448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2021.131010.1183
Yassir Al-Jawaheri, Noor M. Mahdi
Cinnamaldehyde was used to condense with substituted acetophenone then with acetone to form substituted 2,4diene -1pentanone (14), after two moles of cinnamaldehyde condense with one mole of acetone to form 1, 5diphenyl nona8tetraene -5 – one (5), for these reactions, sodium hydroxide was used as a catalyst, the resulted compounds reduced by Luche (specific reduction agent use cerium chloride as a catalyst with sodium borohydride to protect double bond) reaction to form 2,4diene-1methoxy pentane (6-9) and -5methoxy nona1,3,6,8 – tetraene – 1,9 diyl dibenzene (10), the resulted dienes compound converted to endoperoxides (1115) via singlet oxygen reaction in the present of Rose Bengal as a catalyst with light in chlorinated solvent and finally by appling of Appel reaction condition these compounds converted to furans (1620). All mechanisms of the reaction were listed. These compounds were identified by thin layer chromatography TLC, and by their physical properties in addition, the IR spectroscopy and HNMR.
{"title":"Synthesis of Some Substituted Furans and Endoperoxides Via Singlet Oxygen Reactions","authors":"Yassir Al-Jawaheri, Noor M. Mahdi","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2021.131010.1183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2021.131010.1183","url":null,"abstract":"Cinnamaldehyde was used to condense with substituted acetophenone then with acetone to form substituted 2,4diene -1pentanone (14), after two moles of cinnamaldehyde condense with one mole of acetone to form 1, 5diphenyl nona8tetraene -5 – one (5), for these reactions, sodium hydroxide was used as a catalyst, the resulted compounds reduced by Luche (specific reduction agent use cerium chloride as a catalyst with sodium borohydride to protect double bond) reaction to form 2,4diene-1methoxy pentane (6-9) and -5methoxy nona1,3,6,8 – tetraene – 1,9 diyl dibenzene (10), the resulted dienes compound converted to endoperoxides (1115) via singlet oxygen reaction in the present of Rose Bengal as a catalyst with light in chlorinated solvent and finally by appling of Appel reaction condition these compounds converted to furans (1620). All mechanisms of the reaction were listed. These compounds were identified by thin layer chromatography TLC, and by their physical properties in addition, the IR spectroscopy and HNMR.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47903416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-07DOI: 10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130566.1169
Afrah Meshal Kareem, Younis Thanoon Qurot
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL is currently the main solution for many technological aspects, ultrafast optical interconnecting, Gigabit Ethernet, etc. In this paper we present the simulation results by using OptiwaveTM software version 7, of the effects of optical mode confinement factor on the modulation properties )which inspected by eye diagram of the received signals) of the vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL, with the range (820)Gbps of pseudo random bit sequence PRBS. The quality of the VCSEL modulation have been inspected by time domain signals, spectrums and eye diagram. Simulation results appeared an improvement in the characteristics of received bit sequences of (8, 10, 12.5, 16 and 20) Gbps bit rates, represented by the rising the value of quality factor QF (1.77 to 4.81) versus increasing the value of optical mode confinement factor Γ(0.2 to 0.5) respectively, and a decreasing in jitter time of superimposed traces of eye pattern and well opining eye pattern. And in the corresponding, the bit error rates BERs of the received signals have been decreased, with rising the value of mode confinement factor Γ of the laser at constant modulation index and constant temperature of the laser. Also, the VCSEL’s modulation response differences with different bitrates, causes different values of QF and BER for individual value of mode confinement factor Γ.
{"title":"Influence of mode confinement factor on the modulation properties of the Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting VCSEL laser","authors":"Afrah Meshal Kareem, Younis Thanoon Qurot","doi":"10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130566.1169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130566.1169","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL is currently the main solution for many technological aspects, ultrafast optical interconnecting, Gigabit Ethernet, etc. In this paper we present the simulation results by using OptiwaveTM software version 7, of the effects of optical mode confinement factor on the modulation properties )which inspected by eye diagram of the received signals) of the vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL, with the range (820)Gbps of pseudo random bit sequence PRBS. The quality of the VCSEL modulation have been inspected by time domain signals, spectrums and eye diagram. Simulation results appeared an improvement in the characteristics of received bit sequences of (8, 10, 12.5, 16 and 20) Gbps bit rates, represented by the rising the value of quality factor QF (1.77 to 4.81) versus increasing the value of optical mode confinement factor Γ(0.2 to 0.5) respectively, and a decreasing in jitter time of superimposed traces of eye pattern and well opining eye pattern. And in the corresponding, the bit error rates BERs of the received signals have been decreased, with rising the value of mode confinement factor Γ of the laser at constant modulation index and constant temperature of the laser. Also, the VCSEL’s modulation response differences with different bitrates, causes different values of QF and BER for individual value of mode confinement factor Γ.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47561751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2021.130393.1165
Hisham Al-Herki, Subhi Jarullah
A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMOX) as pure and in pharmaceutical preparations (capsule). This method based on the coupling reaction of drug with diazotized 2,4dinitroaniline reagent in an alkaline medium at 20 oC to produce an intense red, water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 555 nm . Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range 3-16 μg/ml with molar absorptivity of 1.1 x10 l.mol.cm. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.1448 μg/ml while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.4825 μg/ml. The method shows high accuracy (average recovery 100.43%) and precision(relative standard division (RSD) is less than 1.4%).The stoichiometry of the resulting azo dye has been also worked out and it is found to be 1:1 AMOX:Diazotized 2,4-Dinitroaniline.Standard addition method refers to the suggested method is free from interferences from common excipients. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of studied drug in capsules comparable with the certified content value. .
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Determination of Amoxicillin Trihydrate by Coupling with Diazotized 2,4-dinitroaniline","authors":"Hisham Al-Herki, Subhi Jarullah","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2021.130393.1165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2021.130393.1165","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMOX) as pure and in pharmaceutical preparations (capsule). This method based on the coupling reaction of drug with diazotized 2,4dinitroaniline reagent in an alkaline medium at 20 oC to produce an intense red, water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 555 nm . Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range 3-16 μg/ml with molar absorptivity of 1.1 x10 l.mol.cm. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.1448 μg/ml while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.4825 μg/ml. The method shows high accuracy (average recovery 100.43%) and precision(relative standard division (RSD) is less than 1.4%).The stoichiometry of the resulting azo dye has been also worked out and it is found to be 1:1 AMOX:Diazotized 2,4-Dinitroaniline.Standard addition method refers to the suggested method is free from interferences from common excipients. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of studied drug in capsules comparable with the certified content value. .","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46336574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130106.1159
Yasser Nozad, Ayad Nozad Mohammedtawfiq
Patients at healthcare facilities require a long-term continuous healthcare monitoring system to keep track of their vital signs. As it deals with human life, this system must be safe, trustworthy, and does not interfere with available radio frequencies or sensitive electronic devices such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This paper introduces a patient monitoring system in intensive care that uses Li-Fi technology, designed to help enhance patient care and boost doctor’s clinical results. This robust approach collects patient data timely and integrates securely within the hospital IT framework, feeding information to physicians, allowing them to make informed clinical decisions. The system uses real-time software which displays the data from different locations for assessment. It was successfully tested in the laboratory. Some measurements are discussed, which compare the received pulses to the module’s line of sight (LOS) output channel to correlate the transmitted channels. In this work, experimental analysis and measurements are performed to check the efficiency of the proposed concept.
{"title":"Real-Time Monitoring System Based on Li-Fi Network Technology in Healthcare","authors":"Yasser Nozad, Ayad Nozad Mohammedtawfiq","doi":"10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130106.1159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/EDUSJ.2021.130106.1159","url":null,"abstract":"Patients at healthcare facilities require a long-term continuous healthcare monitoring system to keep track of their vital signs. As it deals with human life, this system must be safe, trustworthy, and does not interfere with available radio frequencies or sensitive electronic devices such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This paper introduces a patient monitoring system in intensive care that uses Li-Fi technology, designed to help enhance patient care and boost doctor’s clinical results. This robust approach collects patient data timely and integrates securely within the hospital IT framework, feeding information to physicians, allowing them to make informed clinical decisions. The system uses real-time software which displays the data from different locations for assessment. It was successfully tested in the laboratory. Some measurements are discussed, which compare the received pulses to the module’s line of sight (LOS) output channel to correlate the transmitted channels. In this work, experimental analysis and measurements are performed to check the efficiency of the proposed concept.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46818435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.33899/edusj.2021.130469.1166
Laith Al-Ramadany, N. al-Mallah
The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of using three temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 °C and five exposure periods of 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours/degree in reducing Lambda-cyhalothrin residues in water under laboratory conditions and measuring these residues using HPLC as well as Biological evaluation of these residues before and after thermal treatments. The HPLC readings of the residues of this pesticide showed that the highest general average of the degradation rate was at a concentration of 30 ppm /active substance (93.47%) and at a temperature of 30 °C (94.79) and for an exposure period of 48 hours (89.80%). and that the percentage of deterioration in the effectiveness of the pesticide against adults of the insect T.confusum ranged between 96.72 and 99.22%, and the highest of these percentages was at a concentration of 10 ppm (99.22%) and at a temperature of 40 ° C (98.33%) and for the two exposure periods 24 and 48 hours (98.29%). This may indicate the sensitivity of this pesticide to the temperatures used, which was apparently high in its initial limit, while the highest rate of degradation was 89.80% at the 48-hour period, which differed significantly from the rest of the other averages, which amounted to 82.2 , 85.26, 89.35 and 8 6.95% for exposure periods of 6, 12, 24 and 96 hours, respectively.
{"title":"Determination of the Residues of the Insecticide Lambda-cyhalothrin After Heat Treatment Using HPLC and Biological Evaluation","authors":"Laith Al-Ramadany, N. al-Mallah","doi":"10.33899/edusj.2021.130469.1166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2021.130469.1166","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of using three temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 °C and five exposure periods of 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours/degree in reducing Lambda-cyhalothrin residues in water under laboratory conditions and measuring these residues using HPLC as well as Biological evaluation of these residues before and after thermal treatments. The HPLC readings of the residues of this pesticide showed that the highest general average of the degradation rate was at a concentration of 30 ppm /active substance (93.47%) and at a temperature of 30 °C (94.79) and for an exposure period of 48 hours (89.80%). and that the percentage of deterioration in the effectiveness of the pesticide against adults of the insect T.confusum ranged between 96.72 and 99.22%, and the highest of these percentages was at a concentration of 10 ppm (99.22%) and at a temperature of 40 ° C (98.33%) and for the two exposure periods 24 and 48 hours (98.29%). This may indicate the sensitivity of this pesticide to the temperatures used, which was apparently high in its initial limit, while the highest rate of degradation was 89.80% at the 48-hour period, which differed significantly from the rest of the other averages, which amounted to 82.2 , 85.26, 89.35 and 8 6.95% for exposure periods of 6, 12, 24 and 96 hours, respectively.","PeriodicalId":33491,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ ltrby@ wl`lm","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44907953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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