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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE OF DYNAMIC TESTS OF SUPPORTS 支座动态试验技术的发展
Pub Date : 2019-01-24 DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-9-10-129-137
I. Z. Gatiyatov, L. Sabitov, N. Kashapov, I. Gilmanshin, I. Kiymov
Known methods of testing supports create longitudinal and transverse static load applied to the support. In real conditions the majority of the damage of the supports is connected with the influence on them of dynamic loads, which can exceed the static. The proposed method allows to conduct experimental studies of cascade processes of destruction of anchor site due to a wire breakage, when the potential energy of the tension wires is converted into a dynamic influence on the design of supports.
已知的测试支撑的方法会产生施加在支撑上的纵向和横向静载荷。在实际情况下,大部分支架的损坏与动荷载的影响有关,而动荷载的影响可能超过静荷载。本文提出的方法可以对钢丝断裂对锚点破坏的级联过程进行实验研究,将张力钢丝的势能转化为对支架设计的动态影响。
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引用次数: 0
ECONOMIC CORRECTION OF CURRENT DENSITIES IN THE WIRES OF THE EXISTING OVERHEAD LINES OF 110-220 KV 现有110-220千伏架空线路中电流密度的经济校正
Pub Date : 2019-01-24 DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-9-10-25-33
A. A. Gerkusov, E. I. Gabdulvalieva
In this article, we present the methods used to date, the choice of the cross-sections of the wires of overhead transmission lines, taking into account not only the losses from the load currents, but also the corona losses and linear insulation of overhead transmission lines. The method of economic optimization of electrical loads and current density in operating air lines is considered, where the target functions are the specific discounted costs for transmission of 1 kW. h of electric power.
在本文中,我们介绍了迄今为止使用的方法,选择架空输电线路的导线截面,不仅考虑负载电流的损耗,而且考虑架空输电线路的电晕损耗和线性绝缘。考虑运行航线负荷和电流密度的经济优化方法,其中目标函数为传输1千瓦时电力的特定贴现成本。
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引用次数: 1
EQUIVALENTS OF THE PASSIVE EIGHT-EARTH POLAR WITH THREE INPUT AND FIVE OUTPUT CONCLUSIONS 等效的被动八极与三个输入和五个输出结论
Pub Date : 2019-01-24 DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-9-10-109-119
G. A. Bolshanyn
Eight-poles of various designs, including an eight-terminal network with three input and five output terminals, are needed to replace some power objects. Especially when only the input and output characteristics of electrical energy are of interest. The paper presents the eightterminal network equations with three input and five output terminals, establishing a connection between these characteristics. Equations of the A-form establish a connection between the input and output voltages and currents; the B-form equations establish a connection between the output and input voltages and currents; G-form equations establish a connection between the input current, output voltages and output voltage, output currents; H-form equations establish the relationship between the input voltage, output currents and output current, output voltages; the Yform equations establish a connection between the input and output currents and the input and output voltages; The Z-form equations establish the relationship between the input and output voltages and the input and output currents. When implementing these equations, attention should be paid to the difference in the directions of the currents in each individual case.
需要各种设计的八极,包括三输入五输出的八端网络,来代替一些电源对象。特别是当只关心电能的输入和输出特性时。本文提出了具有3个输入端和5个输出端的八端网络方程,建立了这些特性之间的联系。a型方程建立了输入输出电压和电流之间的联系;b型方程建立了输出和输入电压和电流之间的联系;g型方程建立了输入电流、输出电压和输出电压、输出电流之间的联系;h型方程建立了输入电压、输出电流与输出电流、输出电压之间的关系;Yform方程建立了输入输出电流与输入输出电压之间的联系;z型方程建立了输入输出电压和输入输出电流之间的关系。在执行这些方程时,应注意每种情况下电流方向的差异。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE-JET FILM CONTACT DEVICE CONSTRUCTION FOR INTENSIFICATION OF HEAT MASS EXCHANGE 强化热质交换的射流膜接触装置结构的研制
Pub Date : 2019-01-24 DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-9-10-146-153
I. Sharipov, L. V. Kruglov, V. Kruglov, O. Dmitrieva
In the article the authors presented the construction of a contact device with an artificial unevenness on a vertical partition, which contributes to an increase in the specific contact area of the liquid and gas phases, in order to intensify the heat-storage process in the column apparatus, the experimental setup, the experimental procedure, the results of the experiments and the conclusions on the work. The experiments demonstrated the effect of the geometric parameters of the working section (width of the working area, height of the working area, bending radius of the working section) of the artificial unevenness of the partition of the contact device on the spreading area of the film and on the deviation of the liquid from the axis of the edge of the working section. The most effective ratio of the diameter of the drain of the liquid to the width of the working section is shown and the influence of the height of the working area on the efficiency of the proposed design of a jet-film contact device with an artificial unevenness on a vertical partition.
本文介绍了为加强柱内储热作用,在垂直隔板上设置人工不均匀的接触装置,以增加液相和气相的比接触面积,并介绍了实验装置、实验步骤、实验结果和工作结论。实验证明了接触装置人工不均匀隔板的工作截面几何参数(工作区域宽度、工作区域高度、工作截面弯曲半径)对膜的铺展面积和液体偏离工作截面边缘轴线的影响。给出了液漏直径与工作截面宽度的最有效比,以及工作区域高度对垂直隔板上人工不均匀的射流膜接触装置设计效率的影响。
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引用次数: 1
STUDIES OF POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ASYNCRONOUS MOTORS IMPROVEMENT 提高异步电动机能效的可能性研究
Pub Date : 2019-01-24 DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-9-10-92-100
A. F. Burkov, Valery N. Yurin, V. R. Avetisyan
Modern society is inseparably linked with electrical energy utilization in many areas of life and activities. Fleet and its transport infrastructure equipped with an electric equipment of various degree of complexity is not an exception. Currently, hundreds of thousands of commercial, fishing, passenger and other ships are operational and perform their functions. Technical perfection of their production mechanisms and technological processes being implemented are largely determined by the perfection of the actuator and degree of automation. The advantages of electrical energy, creation of advanced enough electromechanical converters and the development of control systems has led to the introduction of automated electric drives, the main part of which are electric motors. The article presents some results of the performed researches on widely used three-phase asynchronous motors, with the aim of improving their energy efficiency.
现代社会生活和活动的许多领域都离不开电能的利用。车队及其运输基础设施配备了各种复杂程度的电动设备也不例外。目前,有数十万艘商业、捕鱼、客运和其他船只在运作并履行其职能。其生产机制的技术完善程度和所实施的工艺流程在很大程度上取决于执行机构的完善程度和自动化程度。电能的优势,足够先进的机电转换器的创造和控制系统的发展导致了自动电力驱动的引入,其主要部分是电动机。本文介绍了目前广泛应用的三相异步电动机的一些研究成果,旨在提高三相异步电动机的能效。
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引用次数: 3
CHOICE OF SHORT-TERM CONSTANT CONFIGURATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 配电网短期不变配置的选择
Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-9-10-39-51
I. Golub, O. Voitov, E. Boloev, L. Semenova
The work studies a possibility of choice for a given interval of changing the load power and the capacity of renewable generation sources of such a constant configuration of the primary distribution network, at which the energy losses differ minimally from the losses at the optimal hourly reconfiguration The study was carried out using the fast algorithm of the primary distribution network reconfiguration by the losses minimization criterion that was worked out by the authors. The algorithm efficiency is proved by comparing the results obtained on study basis with the results of other methods. After emergency cut-out of the sectionalizing switch the reconfiguration algorithm based on the methods known in the graph theory allow us to determine the line switch required for restoration. For the final choice of such switches feasibility of the post-emergency is tested and the controls are chosen, if the conditions are not met. The work of the proposed methods is demonstrated by the example of the 33 nodal IEEE scheme.
本文研究了在给定的时间间隔内改变一次配电网的负荷功率和可再生能源发电容量的可能性,在此时间段内,能量损失与最佳小时重构时的损失相差最小,并根据作者提出的损耗最小准则,利用一次配电网重构的快速算法进行了研究。将在研究基础上得到的结果与其他方法的结果进行比较,证明了算法的有效性。在紧急切断分段开关后,基于图论中已知方法的重构算法可以确定恢复所需的线路开关。对于这些开关的最终选择,在不满足条件的情况下,测试应急后的可行性并选择控制。以33节点IEEE方案为例,验证了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
APPLICATION OF BREAKDOWN MECHANICS FOR PREDICTING THE RESOURCE OF AXIAL RADIAL HYDROTURBINS 破裂力学在轴向径向水轮机资源预测中的应用
Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-9-10-71-78
E. Georgievskaia
To plan for timely reconstruction, modernization, repairs or replacement of equipment it is important to reliably predict the instant of its transition to the limiting state that determines the lifetime. Currently, there are no regulatory methods for assessing the lifetime of hydraulic turbines at the operation stage. The approach presented in this paper uses the fracture mechanics methods to build a long-term individual forecast of the dangerous development defects in the main elements of hydraulic turbines taking into account design, technological and operational features. The forecast is based on three-dimensional mathematical models that describe the change in the technical condition of the equipment during time under actual operation. The ANSYS software is used for calculations. Models take into account the size and position of detected or possible defects. Crack growth is determined by the combination of low- and high-frequency loads. The critical length of the crack corresponds to the instant of change of the crack development mechanism, when the failure risk increases sharply. Proposed approach can significantly reduce the possibility of unplanned or emergency shutdown of the hydraulic unit due to its destruction during the overhaul period.
为了及时规划设备的重建、现代化、维修或更换,重要的是可靠地预测其过渡到决定寿命的极限状态的瞬间。目前,对水轮机运行阶段的寿命评估尚无规范性的方法。本文采用断裂力学方法,综合考虑水轮机设计、工艺和运行特点,对水轮机主要部件的危险发育缺陷进行了长期的个体预测。预测是在三维数学模型的基础上,描述设备在实际运行时间内技术状况的变化。采用ANSYS软件进行计算。模型考虑到检测到的或可能存在的缺陷的大小和位置。裂纹扩展是由低载荷和高频载荷共同作用决定的。裂纹的临界长度对应于裂纹发展机制发生变化的瞬间,此时破坏风险急剧增大。所提出的方法可以显著减少液压装置在检修期间因损坏而意外停机或紧急停机的可能性。
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引用次数: 1
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF SPRAYING A HEATED GAS AND SUPERHEATED LIQUID THROUGH CYLINDRICAL CHANNELS WITH SLICES 加热气体与过热液体通过带片圆柱通道喷射特性的对比分析
Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-9-10-60-70
L. Plotnikov, Y. Brodov, B. Zhilkin, N. S. Kochev
The article presents the experimental studies results of a superheated liquid and a heated gas spraying through nozzles with cuts in order to determine the influence of the channel configuration on the characteristics of the jets. Experimental setups, experimental methods and instrumentation are described in the article. Photographing and thermal imaging was used to visualize the flow of liquids and gases. It was determined that there is no displacement of the jet axis relatively to the axis of the outlet opening when the heated gas flows through the nozzles with a cut. It is shown that there is a displacement of the axis of the jet relative to the axis of the outlet in the range of 15-18 degrees when the superheated water flows through the nozzles having a cut of the off outlet.
为了确定通道结构对射流特性的影响,本文介绍了过热液体和加热气体通过带有切口的喷嘴喷射的实验研究结果。本文介绍了实验装置、实验方法和实验仪器。摄影和热成像用于可视化液体和气体的流动。结果表明,当被加热的气体通过有切口的喷嘴时,射流轴相对于出口开口轴没有位移。结果表明,当过热水流经关闭出口的喷嘴时,射流轴相对于出口轴的位移在15-18度范围内。
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引用次数: 0
THE EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING BETWEEN WIRES DOUBLE- CIRCUIT OVERHEAD LINE AND THE GROUND ON TRANSIENTS 导线间电磁耦合、双回架空线与地对暂态的影响
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-1-2-67-76
R. Galeeva, A. V. Nazarov, A. Khasanshin
Abstract. A method is proposed for calculating the initial value of the periodic term of the short- circuit strength of a dual-circuit overhead transmission line using multiphase replacement circuits. The method takes into account the electromagnetic connections between the wires of the dual-circuit overhead line and the ground to transient modes. The calculation model will allow to take into account the influence of the internal properties of the dual-circuit overhead line when calculating the three-phase short-circuit currents at the design stage, which will significantly improve the accuracy of the choice of relay protection settings and line automation. The model was tested in Matlab Simulink.
摘要提出了一种利用多相替换电路计算双回架空输电线路短路强度周期项初值的方法。该方法考虑了双回路架空线与地导线之间的电磁连接到暂态模式。该计算模型将允许在设计阶段计算三相短路电流时考虑双回架空线内部特性的影响,这将显著提高继电保护整定和线路自动化选择的准确性。在Matlab Simulink中对模型进行了测试。
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引用次数: 0
INVESTIGATION OF THERMOHYDRAULIC AND NEUTRON -PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSPECTIVE FUEL ASSEMBLY FOR LOW-POWER REACTOR FACILITY 小功率反应堆透视燃料组件热水力和中子物理特性研究
Pub Date : 2018-09-08 DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-23-34
Y. Smorchkova, E. A. Avdonina, A. Dedov
The paper presents the results of a numerical study of hydrodynamics and a temperature field in the model of the fuel assembly for the KLT-40S reactor installation in the transition to a fuel consisting of spherical microfuels. The optimal design of a model of a f uel assembly with microfuels for a reactor installation KLT-40S is proposed, from the position of hydrodynamics and heat transfer. The fuel assembly by external dimensions completely corresponds to the traditional assembly with rod fuel elements. The optim al parameters of the perforation of the covers that retain the pebble bed of microfuels are determined. The results of the evaluation of neutron-physical characteristics are presented. The working capacity of the KLT-40S reactor installation is shown when using fuel from microfuel elements.
本文介绍了KLT-40S反应堆装置燃料组件在向球形微燃料过渡过程中的流体力学和温度场的数值研究结果。从流体力学和传热的角度出发,提出了KLT-40S反应堆用微燃料组件模型的优化设计。燃料组件的外形尺寸完全符合传统的棒式燃料元件组件。确定了保留微燃料球床的顶盖穿孔的最佳参数。给出了中子物理特性的评价结果。当使用来自微燃料元件的燃料时,显示了KLT-40S反应堆装置的工作能力。
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THERMOHYDRAULIC AND NEUTRON -PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSPECTIVE FUEL ASSEMBLY FOR LOW-POWER REACTOR FACILITY","authors":"Y. Smorchkova, E. A. Avdonina, A. Dedov","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-23-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-23-34","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a numerical study of hydrodynamics and a temperature field in the model of the fuel assembly for the KLT-40S reactor installation in the transition to a fuel consisting of spherical microfuels. The optimal design of a model of a f uel assembly with microfuels for a reactor installation KLT-40S is proposed, from the position of hydrodynamics and heat transfer. The fuel assembly by external dimensions completely corresponds to the traditional assembly with rod fuel elements. The optim al parameters of the perforation of the covers that retain the pebble bed of microfuels are determined. The results of the evaluation of neutron-physical characteristics are presented. The working capacity of the KLT-40S reactor installation is shown when using fuel from microfuel elements.","PeriodicalId":33495,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89070452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki
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