Pub Date : 2018-09-08DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-124-135
A. Sinicin, R. R. Zainullin, V. Ulanov
Concentration and temperature dependences of parameters of the EPR spectra of Gd3+centers introduced into the Pb1-xAgxS and Pb1-xCuxS thermoelectric semiconductor crystals (0 ≤ x ≤ 0,011) were investigated by means of EPR method. The crystals under investigation were grown from the melt containing lead sulfide, silver (or copper) sulfide, gadolinium and sulfur (the latter was used to provide stoichiometry). The investigations were performed in the 9320÷9340 MHz frequency range at temperatures of 4.2, 77, and 300 K. It was established that in the samples studied the silver and copper impurities did not create significant distortions in the structure of the base PbS crystal, but significantly affected the concentration of free carriers. Analysis of the obtained data on the concentration and temperature dependences of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters of the Gd3+probe centers leads to the conclusion that silver and copper in the PbS crystal are acceptor like impurities, and also to determine their solubility and describe the distortions induced by them in the structure of the base crystal.
{"title":"CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES IN EPR SPECTRA OD GD3+ PROBE CENTERS IN THE Pb1-x AgxS и Pb1-xCuxS (0 ≤ x ≤ 0,011) THERMOELECTRIC CRYSTALS","authors":"A. Sinicin, R. R. Zainullin, V. Ulanov","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-124-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-124-135","url":null,"abstract":"Concentration and temperature dependences of parameters of the EPR spectra of Gd3+centers introduced into the Pb1-xAgxS and Pb1-xCuxS thermoelectric semiconductor crystals (0 ≤ x ≤ 0,011) were investigated by means of EPR method. The crystals under investigation were grown from the melt containing lead sulfide, silver (or copper) sulfide, gadolinium and sulfur (the latter was used to provide stoichiometry). The investigations were performed in the 9320÷9340 MHz frequency range at temperatures of 4.2, 77, and 300 K. It was established that in the samples studied the silver and copper impurities did not create significant distortions in the structure of the base PbS crystal, but significantly affected the concentration of free carriers. Analysis of the obtained data on the concentration and temperature dependences of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters of the Gd3+probe centers leads to the conclusion that silver and copper in the PbS crystal are acceptor like impurities, and also to determine their solubility and describe the distortions induced by them in the structure of the base crystal.","PeriodicalId":33495,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74135646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-08DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-117-123
D. A. Gubaydullin, D. Tukmakov
In this work process of disintegration of a gap in a shock pipe which camera of low pressure is filled with firm particles with non-uniform concentration is in number studied. On the basis of these numerical experiments regularities of influence of the law of distribution of firm particles in the camera of low pressure upon speed and a profile of a shock wave are revealed.
{"title":"NUMERICAL MODELING OF PASSING OF DIRECT JUMP OF CONSOLIDATION ON A SUSPENSION WITH UNEVEN CONCENTRATION OF FIRM PARTICLES","authors":"D. A. Gubaydullin, D. Tukmakov","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-117-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-117-123","url":null,"abstract":"In this work process of disintegration of a gap in a shock pipe which camera of low pressure is filled with firm particles with non-uniform concentration is in number studied. On the basis of these numerical experiments regularities of influence of the law of distribution of firm particles in the camera of low pressure upon speed and a profile of a shock wave are revealed.","PeriodicalId":33495,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85137796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-08DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-63-70
E. Ivanov, V. Kalaev, S. Shumilin
In the presented work, a new version of the design of the flow-through part of the main circulation pump for NPPs with increased energy indices is proposed. This design solution allows to increase the efficiency of the pump from 82 -83% to 88-89%. Numerical hydrodynamic calculations of the viscous fluid flow in the ANSYS CFX environment of various variants of the pump design have been performed: a spherical chamber with guide vanes, a spiral tap, a spiral tap with discharge openings in a spherical chamber (new design). As a result of the hydrodynamic calculations, the values of the hydraulic efficiency of the variants considered were obtained. As a result of the analysis of the pattern of the flow of the investigated variants, it is established that the proposed version of the pump with unloading holes has additional hydraulic losses due to circulation of the flow through them. The value of the circulation of the flow through the discharge openings is numerically obtained. The cause of the detected effect was investigated. As a result of the conducted research it is established that it is possible to further increase the efficiency of the proposed pump design by optimizing the geometry of the discharge openings.
{"title":"MODERNIZATION OF THE FLOW SECTION OF THE MAIN CIRCULATION PUMP GCN 22600-87","authors":"E. Ivanov, V. Kalaev, S. Shumilin","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-63-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-63-70","url":null,"abstract":"In the presented work, a new version of the design of the flow-through part of the main circulation pump for NPPs with increased energy indices is proposed. This design solution allows to increase the efficiency of the pump from 82 -83% to 88-89%. Numerical hydrodynamic calculations of the viscous fluid flow in the ANSYS CFX environment of various variants of the pump design have been performed: a spherical chamber with guide vanes, a spiral tap, a spiral tap with discharge openings in a spherical chamber (new design). As a result of the hydrodynamic calculations, the values of the hydraulic efficiency of the variants considered were obtained. As a result of the analysis of the pattern of the flow of the investigated variants, it is established that the proposed version of the pump with unloading holes has additional hydraulic losses due to circulation of the flow through them. The value of the circulation of the flow through the discharge openings is numerically obtained. The cause of the detected effect was investigated. As a result of the conducted research it is established that it is possible to further increase the efficiency of the proposed pump design by optimizing the geometry of the discharge openings.","PeriodicalId":33495,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85306334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-08DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-99-106
N. A. Malev, O. V. Pogoditsky
Research of operation electromechanical system with considering resilient liaison is an actual task. Resilient interactions between the engine and the mechanism increase the load on the mechanical transmission and working equipment and accelerate their wear, increasing degrees of freedom of the system and exciting resonance oscillations. The synthesis of a modal regulator shown that provides an aperiodic transient process. The advantages and disadvantages of this analyzed method.
{"title":"RESEARCH AND SYNTHESIS OF THE MODAL REGULATOR OF THE TWO-MASS ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEM OF THE CRANE LIFTING MECHANISM","authors":"N. A. Malev, O. V. Pogoditsky","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-99-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-99-106","url":null,"abstract":"Research of operation electromechanical system with considering resilient liaison is an actual task. Resilient interactions between the engine and the mechanism increase the load on the mechanical transmission and working equipment and accelerate their wear, increasing degrees of freedom of the system and exciting resonance oscillations. The synthesis of a modal regulator shown that provides an aperiodic transient process. The advantages and disadvantages of this analyzed method.","PeriodicalId":33495,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73886259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-08DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-107-116
T. Petrov, A. Safin, I. Ivshin, A. Tsvetkov, V. Kornilov
Rocking machines of oil (RMO) are the main elements in the Russian oil industry in the field of low-yield wells. And increasing the energy efficiency of these machines is one of the most promising tasks in the interests of the oil and gas industry in Russia.The use of intelligent energy-saving stations for controlling the machine-shaker of oil on the basis of synchronous engines makes it possible to optimize oil production, by increasing the volume of production and saving energy resources. The main disadvantage of these stations is high cost, which is a deterrent for widespread use.One of the solutions to this problem is the use of a method that does not use the rotor position sensor, the so-called "sensorless method". However, all works related to the use of the "sensorless method" refer to the control systems of asynchronous motors.In this paper, the advantages of the control systems of a rocking machine on the basis of synchronous motors in front of asynchronous motors will be presented, the variants of motor control and the execution of the "sensorless method" are considered. Mathematical models of all elements of the control station are presented: rocking machine, synchronous motor, vector control system.
{"title":"MODEL OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM ROCKING MACHINES OF OIL THE BASIC OF A SYNCHRONOUS ENGINES WITH THE SENSORLESS METHOD","authors":"T. Petrov, A. Safin, I. Ivshin, A. Tsvetkov, V. Kornilov","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-107-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-107-116","url":null,"abstract":"Rocking machines of oil (RMO) are the main elements in the Russian oil industry in the field of low-yield wells. And increasing the energy efficiency of these machines is one of the most promising tasks in the interests of the oil and gas industry in Russia.The use of intelligent energy-saving stations for controlling the machine-shaker of oil on the basis of synchronous engines makes it possible to optimize oil production, by increasing the volume of production and saving energy resources. The main disadvantage of these stations is high cost, which is a deterrent for widespread use.One of the solutions to this problem is the use of a method that does not use the rotor position sensor, the so-called \"sensorless method\". However, all works related to the use of the \"sensorless method\" refer to the control systems of asynchronous motors.In this paper, the advantages of the control systems of a rocking machine on the basis of synchronous motors in front of asynchronous motors will be presented, the variants of motor control and the execution of the \"sensorless method\" are considered. Mathematical models of all elements of the control station are presented: rocking machine, synchronous motor, vector control system.","PeriodicalId":33495,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85490569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-08DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-55-62
M. Taymarov, R. Akhmetova, V. K. Il’in, S. Margulis
The article presents the results of experimental research of efficiency of fuel oil combustion in power boilers at TPPs with different layout of burners at different steam loads. Given the values of efficiency of boilers and of emissions of nitrogen oxides when burning fuel oil. The efficiency of using bunk steel counter arrangement of burners.
{"title":"BURNING FUEL OIL IN BOILERS WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS OF BURNERS","authors":"M. Taymarov, R. Akhmetova, V. K. Il’in, S. Margulis","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-55-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-55-62","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of experimental research of efficiency of fuel oil combustion in power boilers at TPPs with different layout of burners at different steam loads. Given the values of efficiency of boilers and of emissions of nitrogen oxides when burning fuel oil. The efficiency of using bunk steel counter arrangement of burners.","PeriodicalId":33495,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83638945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-08DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-35-46
Y. Kirsanov, D. Makarushkin, A. Kirsanov
A laboratory stand with a regenerative air preheater, an automated control system and measurement of airflow parameters and a nozzle designed to study the heat transfer of a packet of parallel plates under non-stationary conditions for different periods is described. The technique of measuring the unsteady temperature of cold and hot coolant flows adjusted for inertia of the thermocouples and the method of measuring the heat transfer co efficient of plates. The time variations of the Nusselt number and the heat load transmitted by the nozzle for individual periods are shown. Obtained in experiments with the packages of plates of different materials and thickness values of the average Nusselt number for the period criterial generalized equation for convenient engineering calculations RAPH with leaf nozzles of various types.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE SWITCHING PERIODS FREQUENCY ON THE THERMAL EMISSIVITY OF A REGENERATIVE AIR PREHEATER","authors":"Y. Kirsanov, D. Makarushkin, A. Kirsanov","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-35-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-35-46","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory stand with a regenerative air preheater, an automated control system and measurement of airflow parameters and a nozzle designed to study the heat transfer of a packet of parallel plates under non-stationary conditions for different periods is described. The technique of measuring the unsteady temperature of cold and hot coolant flows adjusted for inertia of the thermocouples and the method of measuring the heat transfer co efficient of plates. The time variations of the Nusselt number and the heat load transmitted by the nozzle for individual periods are shown. Obtained in experiments with the packages of plates of different materials and thickness values of the average Nusselt number for the period criterial generalized equation for convenient engineering calculations RAPH with leaf nozzles of various types.","PeriodicalId":33495,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80474865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-08DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-47-54
A. Selivanov, O. Afanaseva, A. N. Mrakin, G. K. Zhanaev, A. Kamaev
In the article the questions of optimization of technological parameters of mutual functioning of the system of apparatuses of the reactor block of semi-coking of slate with a solid heating agent (UTT) are considered.
本文对板岩半焦化反应器块体与固体加热剂(UTT)装置系统相互作用的工艺参数优化问题进行了研究。
{"title":"THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE REACTOR BLOCK OPERATING PARAMETERS OF UNIT WITH A SOLID HEATING AGENT","authors":"A. Selivanov, O. Afanaseva, A. N. Mrakin, G. K. Zhanaev, A. Kamaev","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-47-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-47-54","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the questions of optimization of technological parameters of mutual functioning of the system of apparatuses of the reactor block of semi-coking of slate with a solid heating agent (UTT) are considered.","PeriodicalId":33495,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki","volume":"351 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77412412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-08DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-136-146
L. Melamed, G. Filippov
On the basis of the solution of the equation of the movement (in conception of «vortex backfill”) offered earlier, the generalized formula for a profile of speed of a turbulent and laminar current in pipes is received. The formula has binomial power shape. The received solution allows to consider speed of a turbulent kernel of a stream, or, more precisely, averaged on time value of axial component of this speed, as the sum of three items - carrying, parabolic and power but not parabolic. It is shown that the profile of turbulent speed of the basic part of a stream is described by the parabolic component. Transformation of the equation of movement in which solutions both laminar, and turbulent profiles of speeds (in the basic part of a stream) are direct lines (or very close to them) is offered. Some features of turbulent flow, similar to currents in a granular layer are noted.
{"title":"THE SUMMARIZED FORMULA FOR VELOCITY OF TURBULENT AND LAMINAR FLOWS IN PIPES","authors":"L. Melamed, G. Filippov","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-136-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-136-146","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of the solution of the equation of the movement (in conception of «vortex backfill”) offered earlier, the generalized formula for a profile of speed of a turbulent and laminar current in pipes is received. The formula has binomial power shape. The received solution allows to consider speed of a turbulent kernel of a stream, or, more precisely, averaged on time value of axial component of this speed, as the sum of three items - carrying, parabolic and power but not parabolic. It is shown that the profile of turbulent speed of the basic part of a stream is described by the parabolic component. Transformation of the equation of movement in which solutions both laminar, and turbulent profiles of speeds (in the basic part of a stream) are direct lines (or very close to them) is offered. Some features of turbulent flow, similar to currents in a granular layer are noted.","PeriodicalId":33495,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76524557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-08DOI: 10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-10-22
R. Aminov, M. Garievsky
The economic efficiency of attracting CHPPs to cover the variable zone of daily electrical load schedules was investigated. The estimation of resource and economic performance of combined -cycle HPPs using the example of PGU-450T taking into account equipment wear under different operating conditions in the daily and weekly sections and different composition of the operating equipment has been performed and optimal load regimes have been determined.
{"title":"THE EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED-CYCLE CHP PLANT WITH VARIABLE ELECTRIC LOADS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE WEAR AND TEAR OF EQUIPMENT","authors":"R. Aminov, M. Garievsky","doi":"10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-10-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-10-22","url":null,"abstract":"The economic efficiency of attracting CHPPs to cover the variable zone of daily electrical load schedules was investigated. The estimation of resource and economic performance of combined -cycle HPPs using the example of PGU-450T taking into account equipment wear under different operating conditions in the daily and weekly sections and different composition of the operating equipment has been performed and optimal load regimes have been determined.","PeriodicalId":33495,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Problemy energetiki","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75200311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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