Background: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) have reached epidemic proportion among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and this could have a negative bearing on the quality of life and survival of these patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of NCDs on the perceived quality of life (QoL) of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey conducted in the months of June to August 2021. The WHOQoL Bref instrument was used to measure the quality of life of these patients. A total of 1440 HIV patients were sample from 5 HTCs selected purposively (high number of patients receiving treatment in these Centers). A serial or consecutive sampling technique was used to recruit participants in the HTCs. All the 4 domains of QoL (Physical, Psychological, social and environmental) were assessed. Data was entered in SPSS 25 and analyzed using stata 13. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent determinants. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 45.6 (SD = 7.3) years. Overall, only 45.4% [95% CI: 42.3-47.9] of HIV patients had a good quality of life. The environmental (30.4%) and psychological (32.3%) domains of quality of life were lowest. Female gender (AOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03-1.74), tertiary education (AOR 4.69; 95% CI 2.78-7.69), being employed (AOR 2.30; 95% CI 1.21-3.64), being married (AOR 1.67; 95% CI 1.23-2.19), baseline WHO HIV stages III and IV (AOR 0.56; 95% CI 0.29-0.89) and duration of HIV patient on ART for more than 10 years (AOR 0.34; 95% CI 0.25-0.47) were significantly associated to good quality of life among HIV patients on ART. Adult HIV patients with NCD co-morbidity were 0.50 times less likely to have a good quality of life compared to their counterparts without a NCD [AOR 0.54; 95% CI 0.32-0.89]. Conclusion: The quality of life of HIV patients on ART was significantly reduced by NCD co-morbidities. Recommendation: HTCs in Fako should routinely and actively screen and manage NCDs improve on the QoL of HIV patients on ART.
背景:非传染性疾病(NCDs)在艾滋病毒感染者(PLHIV)中已达到流行病比例，这可能对这些患者的生活质量和生存产生负面影响。目的:本研究的目的是确定非传染性疾病对喀麦隆西南地区Fako地区接受抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的HIV患者感知生活质量(QoL)的影响。方法:在2021年6月至8月期间进行横断面调查。采用WHOQoL简易量表测量患者的生活质量。共有1440名HIV患者从5个hcc(在这些中心接受治疗的患者人数很高)中抽取样本。采用连续或连续抽样技术招募HTCs的参与者。对生活质量的4个领域(生理、心理、社会和环境)进行评估。数据在SPSS 25中输入，使用stata 13进行分析。使用多变量逻辑回归来确定独立决定因素。p<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:参与者的平均年龄为45.6岁(SD = 7.3)岁。总体而言，只有45.4% [95% CI: 42.3-47.9]的HIV患者生活质量良好。生活质量的环境(30.4%)和心理(32.3%)领域最低。女性(AOR 1.36;95% CI 1.03-1.74)，高等教育(AOR 4.69;95% CI 2.78-7.69)，被雇用(AOR 2.30;95% CI 1.21-3.64)，已婚(AOR 1.67;95% CI 1.23-2.19)，基线WHO HIV III期和IV期(AOR 0.56;95% CI 0.29-0.89)和接受抗逆转录病毒治疗超过10年的HIV患者的持续时间(AOR 0.34;95% CI 0.25-0.47)与接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒患者的良好生活质量显著相关。与没有非传染性疾病的成年HIV患者相比，合并非传染性疾病的成年HIV患者拥有良好生活质量的可能性低0.50倍[AOR 0.54;95% ci 0.32-0.89]。结论:接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV患者的生活质量因非传染性疾病的合并症而显著降低。建议:Fako的卫生保健中心应定期积极筛查和管理非传染性疾病，改善接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒患者的生活质量。
{"title":"Impact of Non-Communicable Diseases on The Quality of Life of HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Fako Division","authors":"Tah Aldof Yoah","doi":"10.54026/ars/1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ars/1007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) have reached epidemic proportion among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and this could have a negative bearing on the quality of life and survival of these patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of NCDs on the perceived quality of life (QoL) of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey conducted in the months of June to August 2021. The WHOQoL Bref instrument was used to measure the quality of life of these patients. A total of 1440 HIV patients were sample from 5 HTCs selected purposively (high number of patients receiving treatment in these Centers). A serial or consecutive sampling technique was used to recruit participants in the HTCs. All the 4 domains of QoL (Physical, Psychological, social and environmental) were assessed. Data was entered in SPSS 25 and analyzed using stata 13. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent determinants. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 45.6 (SD = 7.3) years. Overall, only 45.4% [95% CI: 42.3-47.9] of HIV patients had a good quality of life. The environmental (30.4%) and psychological (32.3%) domains of quality of life were lowest. Female gender (AOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03-1.74), tertiary education (AOR 4.69; 95% CI 2.78-7.69), being employed (AOR 2.30; 95% CI 1.21-3.64), being married (AOR 1.67; 95% CI 1.23-2.19), baseline WHO HIV stages III and IV (AOR 0.56; 95% CI 0.29-0.89) and duration of HIV patient on ART for more than 10 years (AOR 0.34; 95% CI 0.25-0.47) were significantly associated to good quality of life among HIV patients on ART. Adult HIV patients with NCD co-morbidity were 0.50 times less likely to have a good quality of life compared to their counterparts without a NCD [AOR 0.54; 95% CI 0.32-0.89]. Conclusion: The quality of life of HIV patients on ART was significantly reduced by NCD co-morbidities. Recommendation: HTCs in Fako should routinely and actively screen and manage NCDs improve on the QoL of HIV patients on ART.","PeriodicalId":335334,"journal":{"name":"Advance Research in Sciences (ARS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127934827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A six-year-old local breed cow from Hadiya Zone w/mazoria kebele was presented to the Shone veterinary clinic. On February 3, 2022, with a history of uterine prolapse through the vulva since five hours after parturition, she delivered a male calf. The main clinical signs were that the cow was weak and recumbent, with hindquarters lower than forequarters, and the uterus was prolapsed from the vulva with the attached placenta. Physiological parameters body temperature 39.50 C, heart rate 80 bpm, and respiratory rate 20 breaths per minute were within the normal range. The prolapsed mass was larger and longer. Based on the history and clinical evaluation, there is no serious trauma or damage to the uterus. A good prognosis was made, and the animal was advised to be treated or corrected. Uterine prolapse is an emergency that should be reported as soon as possible in order to have a good prognosis for the animal.
{"title":"Uterine Prolapsed in Cow: A Treatment and Management","authors":"Moges Eriso Blate","doi":"10.54026/ars/1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ars/1006","url":null,"abstract":"A six-year-old local breed cow from Hadiya Zone w/mazoria kebele was presented to the Shone veterinary clinic. On February 3, 2022, with a history of uterine prolapse through the vulva since five hours after parturition, she delivered a male calf. The main clinical signs were that the cow was weak and recumbent, with hindquarters lower than forequarters, and the uterus was prolapsed from the vulva with the attached placenta. Physiological parameters body temperature 39.50 C, heart rate 80 bpm, and respiratory rate 20 breaths per minute were within the normal range. The prolapsed mass was larger and longer. Based on the history and clinical evaluation, there is no serious trauma or damage to the uterus. A good prognosis was made, and the animal was advised to be treated or corrected. Uterine prolapse is an emergency that should be reported as soon as possible in order to have a good prognosis for the animal.","PeriodicalId":335334,"journal":{"name":"Advance Research in Sciences (ARS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128488885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inability of the cow to expel neonates through the birth canal from the uterus is called dystocia. There are several physical, physiological and hormonal changes take place to prepare the dam and fetus for parturition. It is one of the most important obstetrical conditions and requires immediate attention of obstetricians as it causes severe economic losses to dairy farmers. The causes of dystocia are generally classified as being maternal or fetal in origin. Maternal causes include feto-maternal disproportion, incomplete cervical dilation, uterine torsion, uterine inertia and hernia of gravid uterus, and fetal causes are fetal maldisposition, fetal oversize and fetal monstrosities. Dystocia negatively affects the productive and reproductive performance due to increased risk for uterine diseases. As one of the reproductive problems in cows, it is important to prevent and reduce the incidence of dystocia and awareness on the significance of dystocia should be enhanced, which necessitate presenting the current literature review on dystocia.
{"title":"Major Causes of Dystocia in Bovine: A Review","authors":"Moges Eriso Blate","doi":"10.54026/ars/1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ars/1005","url":null,"abstract":"The inability of the cow to expel neonates through the birth canal from the uterus is called dystocia. There are several physical, physiological and hormonal changes take place to prepare the dam and fetus for parturition. It is one of the most important obstetrical conditions and requires immediate attention of obstetricians as it causes severe economic losses to dairy farmers. The causes of dystocia are generally classified as being maternal or fetal in origin. Maternal causes include feto-maternal disproportion, incomplete cervical dilation, uterine torsion, uterine inertia and hernia of gravid uterus, and fetal causes are fetal maldisposition, fetal oversize and fetal monstrosities. Dystocia negatively affects the productive and reproductive performance due to increased risk for uterine diseases. As one of the reproductive problems in cows, it is important to prevent and reduce the incidence of dystocia and awareness on the significance of dystocia should be enhanced, which necessitate presenting the current literature review on dystocia.","PeriodicalId":335334,"journal":{"name":"Advance Research in Sciences (ARS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114280773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Nigeria aerial photographs and other remotely sensed data can be obtained from Federal Survey Department, this unit acquires and archives aerial photograph of different parts of the country. Oil prospecting companies operating in Nigeria such as Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited, Elf Plc, Chevron and AGIP also acquires and store aerial photos. Satellite imageries (particularly Landsat and SPOT) may be obtained through Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS), Ile Ife; international Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan; Federal Department of Water Resources, Kaduna; etc. even if required remotely sensed data is not in stock the imagery of an area on the earth’s surface which is of particular interest to a client, SSC satellitbild can programme the SPOT satellite to record an image of the area in question provided that he (the client) can identify the area in terms of latitude and longitude.
{"title":"Review of Literature on Sources of Remotely Sensed Data for Utilization of Land Resources","authors":"","doi":"10.54026/ars/1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ars/1003","url":null,"abstract":"In Nigeria aerial photographs and other remotely sensed data can be obtained from Federal Survey Department, this unit acquires and archives aerial photograph of different parts of the country. Oil prospecting companies operating in Nigeria such as Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited, Elf Plc, Chevron and AGIP also acquires and store aerial photos. Satellite imageries (particularly Landsat and SPOT) may be obtained through Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS), Ile Ife; international Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan; Federal Department of Water Resources, Kaduna; etc. even if required remotely sensed data is not in stock the imagery of an area on the earth’s surface which is of particular interest to a client, SSC satellitbild can programme the SPOT satellite to record an image of the area in question provided that he (the client) can identify the area in terms of latitude and longitude.","PeriodicalId":335334,"journal":{"name":"Advance Research in Sciences (ARS)","volume":"461 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132702508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One Health: an updated term. Perhaps it means that there should not be major differences between the methodologies that involve the study of pathogens typical of humans and other animals. The techniques are similar, the analysis carried out does not differ and the conclusions are direct. Unlike Human Medicine, Veterinary Medicine is a multispecies discipline that must also provide a solution to the patient. The study of a viral cycle goes back to the study of the “metabolism” of bacteriophages and today several pathways are known through a virus affecting the permissive cell. Legend has it that when André Lwoff was asked for a definition of a virus, he said: viruses are viruses. Let’s see why…
{"title":"Are There Any Differences Between the Study of Animal Viruses and Other Species?","authors":"C. Venegas","doi":"10.54026/ars/1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ars/1002","url":null,"abstract":"One Health: an updated term. Perhaps it means that there should not be major differences between the methodologies that involve the study of pathogens typical of humans and other animals. The techniques are similar, the analysis carried out does not differ and the conclusions are direct. Unlike Human Medicine, Veterinary Medicine is a multispecies discipline that must also provide a solution to the patient. The study of a viral cycle goes back to the study of the “metabolism” of bacteriophages and today several pathways are known through a virus affecting the permissive cell. Legend has it that when André Lwoff was asked for a definition of a virus, he said: viruses are viruses. Let’s see why…","PeriodicalId":335334,"journal":{"name":"Advance Research in Sciences (ARS)","volume":"128 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132949471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scientific and technical development that made the industrial revolution possible not only transformed the social structure worldwide, but also imposed new requirements on food production and necessitated changes in plant cultivation procedures. Within this, pest control management underwent a radical change in the last century, and the use of pesticides (synthetic chemicals) became widespread. The main reason for this is the maintenance of the profitability of the production by guaranteeing the reliability of the harvest. This latter aspect usually is not taken into the account by those who oppose the use of pesticides. In the past half century, the pesticide assortment has undergone significant changes, currently around 2000 different active ingredients are available, among which the proportion of synthetic super selective molecules has increased. Although this contributed to the reduction of concerns about their use, the widespread application of these mono site inhibitors imposed new requirements. On the one hand due to the acquired resistance against them within the pest population, and on the other hand due to the appearance of new, previously insignificant pest species. Among them, the phytopathogenic bacteria are of increasing importance: we currently do not have a sufficiently effective preparation that can be used to control them widely in plant cultivation. There is an urgent need to develop pesticides suitable for combating newly emerging diseases. In this paper, the author examined this question from the inventor’s point of view, sharing the experiences of six decades of research in this area.
{"title":"The Need for Pest Control and the Possibilities of Pesticide Development in Accordance with the Requirements of Safe Food Production","authors":"Gyula Oros","doi":"10.54026/ars/1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ars/1001","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific and technical development that made the industrial revolution possible not only transformed the social structure worldwide, but also imposed new requirements on food production and necessitated changes in plant cultivation procedures. Within this, pest control management underwent a radical change in the last century, and the use of pesticides (synthetic chemicals) became widespread. The main reason for this is the maintenance of the profitability of the production by guaranteeing the reliability of the harvest. This latter aspect usually is not taken into the account by those who oppose the use of pesticides. In the past half century, the pesticide assortment has undergone significant changes, currently around 2000 different active ingredients are available, among which the proportion of synthetic super selective molecules has increased. Although this contributed to the reduction of concerns about their use, the widespread application of these mono site inhibitors imposed new requirements. On the one hand due to the acquired resistance against them within the pest population, and on the other hand due to the appearance of new, previously insignificant pest species. Among them, the phytopathogenic bacteria are of increasing importance: we currently do not have a sufficiently effective preparation that can be used to control them widely in plant cultivation. There is an urgent need to develop pesticides suitable for combating newly emerging diseases. In this paper, the author examined this question from the inventor’s point of view, sharing the experiences of six decades of research in this area.","PeriodicalId":335334,"journal":{"name":"Advance Research in Sciences (ARS)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126092968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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