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2 Art. 1 para. 1 GG: Human Dignity 2第1条第1款加:人的尊严
Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198808091.003.0002
Bumke Christian, Voßkuhle Andreas
This chapter discusses the duty of all state power to respect and protect human dignity as set out in Art. 1 para. 1 of the Grundgesetz (GG). It first explains the scope of state protection against violations of human dignity by citing the decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court in two cases, one concerning the Aviation Security Law and another concerning the constitutionality of life imprisonment. It then considers the benefits dimension of the guarantee of human dignity, in particular the individual's claim to the level of social support necessary to live in dignity (the so-called existence minimum). It also addresses the question of whether an interference with human dignity can ever be justified, and especially whether human dignity can be limited.
本章讨论第1条第1款所规定的一切国家权力尊重和保护人的尊严的义务。Grundgesetz (GG)的第1章。它首先通过引用联邦宪法法院在两个案件中的判决来解释国家保护人类尊严不受侵犯的范围,一个案件涉及《航空安全法》,另一个案件涉及终身监禁的合宪性。然后,它考虑了保障人类尊严的利益方面,特别是个人要求有尊严地生活所必需的社会支持水平(所谓最低生存标准)。它还探讨了对人的尊严的干涉是否有正当理由,特别是人的尊严是否可以受到限制的问题。
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引用次数: 0
5 Art. 4 GG: Freedom of Faith and Conscience 5 GG第4条:信仰和良心的自由
Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.1093/LAW/9780198808091.003.0005
Bumke Christian, Voßkuhle Andreas
This chapter discusses Art. 4 of the Grundgesetz (GG), which guarantees freedom of faith and conscience. Art. 4 para. 1 GG encompasses freedom to profess a religious faith, whereas Art. 4 para. 2 GG deals with freedom to practice a religion without interference. These fundamental rights are available to all persons. GG provides special protection for religious societies (Art. 140 GG in combination with Art. 136 et seq. of the Weimar Constitution). The chapter first considers the jurisprudence of the Federal Constitutional Court concerning the scope of protection for freedom of religion, taking into account the principle of state neutrality, and the constitutional justification for interference with religious freedom. It then explains the scope of protection for freedom of conscience, focussing on the conflict of norms between the state legal order and the freedom to act according to one's conscience.
本章讨论保障信仰和良心自由的《基本法》第4条。第4条第1款宪法第1条规定了信仰宗教的自由,而宪法第4条第2款规定了信仰宗教的自由。GG涉及不受干涉地从事宗教活动的自由。所有人都享有这些基本权利。《GG》为宗教团体提供特殊保护(《GG》第140条与第136条及其后各条结合)。《魏玛宪法》)。本章首先考虑联邦宪法法院关于保护宗教自由范围的判例,考虑到国家中立原则和干涉宗教自由的宪法理由。然后解释了良心自由的保护范围,重点讨论了国家法律秩序与凭良心行事的自由之间的规范冲突。
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引用次数: 0
22 Art. 20 GG: The Rule of Law 《基本法》第20条:法治
Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.1093/LAW/9780198808091.003.0022
Bumke Christian, Voßkuhle Andreas
This chapter discusses the rule of law principle as articulated in Art. 20 of the Grundgesetz (GG). The rule of law may be formal or substantive. The formal conception of the rule of law applies primarily to technical and organisational safeguards which discipline state authority, such as separation of powers and the independence of courts. In contrast to the formal perspective, the idea of the ‘substantive’ rule of law principle also takes into account the substance and overall direction of state activity. The chapter first examines the Federal Constitutional Court's jurisprudence concerning the principle of separation of powers and the requirement of the rule of law principle that administrative agencies act according to statutory laws. It then considers the principle of proportionality (the prohibition of excessiveness) and the binding force of law and justice on the courts before concluding with an analysis of the principle of legal certainty.
本章讨论《基本法》第20条所阐述的法治原则。法治可以是形式的,也可以是实质的。法治的正式概念主要适用于约束国家权威的技术和组织保障,例如三权分立和法院独立。与形式观点相反,“实质”法治原则的理念也考虑到国家活动的实质和总体方向。本章首先考察了联邦宪法法院关于三权分立原则的判例以及法治原则对行政机关依照成文法行事的要求。然后,在最后分析法律确定性原则之前,它考虑了相称性原则(禁止过度)以及法律和司法对法院的约束力。
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引用次数: 0
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German Constitutional Law
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