Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.183
.. Aastha
Background: Long duration of continuous lectures make the students loose interest in the subject of anatomy. This in turn affects their learning and performance. So, there is a necessity to introduce interactive teaching method like quiz that will motivate them to become good learners. The purpose of interactive teaching methods is generation of interest in the subject and acquirement of more knowledge in general, active and participatory learning, development of life-long learning habits and attitudes, acquire, retain and apply the knowledge, active involvement of students and thorough understanding of the subject. Keeping this in view, we tried to implement quiz as an interactive teaching technique in Anatomy and evaluate their effectiveness and impact on learning of the students. Methods: Quiz was introduced as a teaching and learning method for two regions of Anatomy- Abdomen & Pelvis and Head & Neck. The students and faculty were asked to give their feedback after the Quiz sessions. The data generated from feedback form was tabulated and analyzed. Results: 4 faculty (n=5) and 132 students (n=144) are very positive and looking forward to use of Quiz as an interactive method of learning in the future. 124 students feel that this method will enhance their exam performances. 4 faculty and 125 students feel other subject teachers should also start using this method. Conclusions: Majority of students and faculty are enthusiastic about using Quiz as an interactive method of teaching and learning. Majority of students also stated that they feel their exam performance will also be increased by the use of this method. This will cause awareness among other subject teachers also and a broader administration of such methods will be seen in near future with an attempt to enhance motivation, learning and exam performance of our students. Keywords: Quiz, Interactivity, Medical students
{"title":"Introduction of Interactivity Using Quiz in Teaching Anatomy to First Year Undergraduate Medical Students","authors":".. Aastha","doi":"10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.183","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Long duration of continuous lectures make the students loose interest in the subject of anatomy. This in turn affects their learning and performance. So, there is a necessity to introduce interactive teaching method like quiz that will motivate them to become good learners. The purpose of interactive teaching methods is generation of interest in the subject and acquirement of more knowledge in general, active and participatory learning, development of life-long learning habits and attitudes, acquire, retain and apply the knowledge, active involvement of students and thorough understanding of the subject. Keeping this in view, we tried to implement quiz as an interactive teaching technique in Anatomy and evaluate their effectiveness and impact on learning of the students. Methods: Quiz was introduced as a teaching and learning method for two regions of Anatomy- Abdomen & Pelvis and Head & Neck. The students and faculty were asked to give their feedback after the Quiz sessions. The data generated from feedback form was tabulated and analyzed. Results: 4 faculty (n=5) and 132 students (n=144) are very positive and looking forward to use of Quiz as an interactive method of learning in the future. 124 students feel that this method will enhance their exam performances. 4 faculty and 125 students feel other subject teachers should also start using this method. Conclusions: Majority of students and faculty are enthusiastic about using Quiz as an interactive method of teaching and learning. Majority of students also stated that they feel their exam performance will also be increased by the use of this method. This will cause awareness among other subject teachers also and a broader administration of such methods will be seen in near future with an attempt to enhance motivation, learning and exam performance of our students. Keywords: Quiz, Interactivity, Medical students","PeriodicalId":33653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43870277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.267
K. Balagopal, J. Nadarajah, Maria Eldho
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetic disease that commonly presents with migraine with aura, ischemic episodes, cognitive decline, and psychiatric manifestations. It is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene with autosomal dominant inheritance. We report a 45-year-old male who presented with recurrent episodes of migraine over the last fifteen years and a history of migraine in his family members. A review of his imaging suggested CADASIL as a possible diagnosis. He underwent genetic testing which showed a positive NOTCH3 mutation. This report aims to highlight the importance of considering CADASIL as a cause of familial migraine. Keywords: CADASIL, Migraine, Stroke
{"title":"A Rare Cause of Headache in A Middle-Aged Patient","authors":"K. Balagopal, J. Nadarajah, Maria Eldho","doi":"10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.267","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetic disease that commonly presents with migraine with aura, ischemic episodes, cognitive decline, and psychiatric manifestations. It is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene with autosomal dominant inheritance. We report a 45-year-old male who presented with recurrent episodes of migraine over the last fifteen years and a history of migraine in his family members. A review of his imaging suggested CADASIL as a possible diagnosis. He underwent genetic testing which showed a positive NOTCH3 mutation. This report aims to highlight the importance of considering CADASIL as a cause of familial migraine. Keywords: CADASIL, Migraine, Stroke","PeriodicalId":33653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47183858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.27
S. Hameed, Afsha Shaheen S Hullur, K. Chethana, A. Khan, K. Kiran
Introduction : In elderly individuals, morbidity has a substantial impact on the physical and psychological well-being. Quality of life in elderly may be affected by the morbidities that they suffer. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2021 in the rural areas attached to the Rural Health Training Centre of a teaching hospital. Elderly individuals were selected by multistage sampling. The sample size was estimated as 118. Participants’ data was collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire regarding their socio-demographic profile and morbidity status. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed by using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. The difference between mean scores in the domains was tested by using an independent sample t-test. Statistical significance was set at 5% level of significance (p < 0.05). Results: Majority (57.6%) of the study population were males, 57.6% were illiterate and only 9.3% lived in joint families. Major morbidities reported were hypertension (55.9%), impaired vision (52.5%) and joint pain or stiffness (50.8%). The mean perceived overall quality of life scores in the study population were 61.9±17.5. Male participants had higher mean social and environmental domain scores. Literate individuals had higher social domain mean scores which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Appropriate rehabilitation measures along with health education with the assistance of a geriatric psychologist in order to identify gaps in QOL domains and approaches to solve them would help to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Keywords: Morbidity, Elderly, Quality of life, Rural
{"title":"Morbidity Pattern and Health-related Quality of Life among Elderly in Rural Coastal Karnataka","authors":"S. Hameed, Afsha Shaheen S Hullur, K. Chethana, A. Khan, K. Kiran","doi":"10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.27","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : In elderly individuals, morbidity has a substantial impact on the physical and psychological well-being. Quality of life in elderly may be affected by the morbidities that they suffer. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2021 in the rural areas attached to the Rural Health Training Centre of a teaching hospital. Elderly individuals were selected by multistage sampling. The sample size was estimated as 118. Participants’ data was collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire regarding their socio-demographic profile and morbidity status. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed by using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. The difference between mean scores in the domains was tested by using an independent sample t-test. Statistical significance was set at 5% level of significance (p < 0.05). Results: Majority (57.6%) of the study population were males, 57.6% were illiterate and only 9.3% lived in joint families. Major morbidities reported were hypertension (55.9%), impaired vision (52.5%) and joint pain or stiffness (50.8%). The mean perceived overall quality of life scores in the study population were 61.9±17.5. Male participants had higher mean social and environmental domain scores. Literate individuals had higher social domain mean scores which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Appropriate rehabilitation measures along with health education with the assistance of a geriatric psychologist in order to identify gaps in QOL domains and approaches to solve them would help to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Keywords: Morbidity, Elderly, Quality of life, Rural","PeriodicalId":33653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48765463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.362
Pranshu Saklani, S. N. Shetageri, S. Parthiban
Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm which amounts to 7-10% of all sarcomas. Clinicopathological heterogeneity within this tumour creates a diagnostic challenge in sorting it out from its differential diagnoses. Here we report a 42-year-old female patient presenting with a mass in the right nasal cavity for two months. With an imaging impression of a right ethmoidal polyp with a remote possibility of malignant etiology, a final diagnosis of sinonasal synovial sarcoma was made with the help of a panel of IHC antibodies. A high degree of suspicion along with a detailed work up is required to accurately diagnose synovial sarcoma in unlikely locations such as nasal cavity. Keywords: Synovial sarcoma, Nasal cavity, TLE1, BCL2, SOX 10
{"title":"Sinonasal Synovial Sarcoma Masquerading as A Common Soft Tissue Tumor: A Diagnostic Challenge and Literature Review","authors":"Pranshu Saklani, S. N. Shetageri, S. Parthiban","doi":"10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.362","url":null,"abstract":"Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm which amounts to 7-10% of all sarcomas. Clinicopathological heterogeneity within this tumour creates a diagnostic challenge in sorting it out from its differential diagnoses. Here we report a 42-year-old female patient presenting with a mass in the right nasal cavity for two months. With an imaging impression of a right ethmoidal polyp with a remote possibility of malignant etiology, a final diagnosis of sinonasal synovial sarcoma was made with the help of a panel of IHC antibodies. A high degree of suspicion along with a detailed work up is required to accurately diagnose synovial sarcoma in unlikely locations such as nasal cavity. Keywords: Synovial sarcoma, Nasal cavity, TLE1, BCL2, SOX 10","PeriodicalId":33653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44342365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.274
S. Sarkar, D. Badyal, Ritu Sharma, Manoj B. Patki, T. Khan, L. Oberoi
Background: The one thought that has taken precedence over the conscious cognition of the cerebral cortex of Indian medical educators is how to implement the Competency Based Medical Education (CBME) program. A revolution that has occurred after 21 odd years, indeed should captivate the change leaders of health professions education. COVID -19 pandemic has posed on medical educators, who enthusiastically implemented the CBME curriculum from 2019 in India, an uphill struggle to understand, apply and eradicate the challenges in effectively implementing the newer elements of the CBME curriculum. A number of newer elements namely Foundation course, Early Clinical Exposure, Electives, Integration, and Learner Doctor Method of clinical clerkship, have been introduced into the new undergraduate medical curriculum. Health professions educators in India, being beginners in implementing these newer elements of the revolutionary 2019 CBME curriculum, it is pertinent to answer the queries that tickle the minds on how to implement and address the anticipated challenges and where to look for solutions. Aims: The authors aim to address some of these queries by giving ready to use templates, guided stepwise breakup of implementation, experience based solutions to the challenges, for various newer elements. They elaborate upon the opportunities of a positive change that medical education in India so direly needs. Conclusion: The stumbling blocks in implementing such a dynamic and thoroughgoing program needs the due contemplation to navigate successfully as directed by the National Medical Commission or erstwhile Medical Council of India. Keywords: Foundation course, Electives, Integration, Early clinical exposure, Clinical clerkship
{"title":"Navigating Through the Newer Components of the Indian Competency Based Medical Education","authors":"S. Sarkar, D. Badyal, Ritu Sharma, Manoj B. Patki, T. Khan, L. Oberoi","doi":"10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.274","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The one thought that has taken precedence over the conscious cognition of the cerebral cortex of Indian medical educators is how to implement the Competency Based Medical Education (CBME) program. A revolution that has occurred after 21 odd years, indeed should captivate the change leaders of health professions education. COVID -19 pandemic has posed on medical educators, who enthusiastically implemented the CBME curriculum from 2019 in India, an uphill struggle to understand, apply and eradicate the challenges in effectively implementing the newer elements of the CBME curriculum. A number of newer elements namely Foundation course, Early Clinical Exposure, Electives, Integration, and Learner Doctor Method of clinical clerkship, have been introduced into the new undergraduate medical curriculum. Health professions educators in India, being beginners in implementing these newer elements of the revolutionary 2019 CBME curriculum, it is pertinent to answer the queries that tickle the minds on how to implement and address the anticipated challenges and where to look for solutions. Aims: The authors aim to address some of these queries by giving ready to use templates, guided stepwise breakup of implementation, experience based solutions to the challenges, for various newer elements. They elaborate upon the opportunities of a positive change that medical education in India so direly needs. Conclusion: The stumbling blocks in implementing such a dynamic and thoroughgoing program needs the due contemplation to navigate successfully as directed by the National Medical Commission or erstwhile Medical Council of India. Keywords: Foundation course, Electives, Integration, Early clinical exposure, Clinical clerkship","PeriodicalId":33653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47622436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.350
Shwetha Basavaraj, P. B. Saniha, U. Geethalakshmi, R. Babu, R. P. Vinayaka
Colorectal cancers (CRC) are on the rise globally with increased incidence rate 5.7/100000 cases in developing countries like India. 1 Majority (90%) of CRC are adenocarcinoma. The primary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the colon is exceedingly rare variant of adenocarcinoma with incidence of 0.025% and accounts for 0.1% of colonic epithelial malignancies. 2 The squamous differentiation accounts for its aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Here we report a rare case of primary ASC in 80year old male who presented with large bowel obstruction and peritonitis. A 80-year-old male brought to causality with history of fever, vomiting, pain in abdomen, altered sensorium since three days. The clinical examination revealed intestinal obstruction and peritonitis. Patient was immediately subjected for radiological and hematology investigations which showed signs of bowel obstruction and perforation. On emergency exploratory laparotomy, colonic perforation was identified along with an ulcer proliferative mass in ascending colon. Gross examination of right hemicolectomy revealed 9x6x3cm ulcero proliferative mass in ascending colon. The microscopic examination showed an infiltrating tumor composed of adenocarcinoma component and areas of squamous differentiation (60%) noted. Tumor was invading through muscularis propria and serosa. Final diagnosis of primary ASC was made. Colonic ASC is rare and associated with poorer prognosis. The squamous cell differentiation has greater metastatic potential than adenocarcinoma. Compared to adenocarcinoma, ASC is more likely to manifest with advanced disease and complications. Keywords: Adenosquamous, Carcinoma, Colon
{"title":"Primary Adenosquamous Carcinoma of Ascending Colon – A Rare Entity","authors":"Shwetha Basavaraj, P. B. Saniha, U. Geethalakshmi, R. Babu, R. P. Vinayaka","doi":"10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.350","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancers (CRC) are on the rise globally with increased incidence rate 5.7/100000 cases in developing countries like India. 1 Majority (90%) of CRC are adenocarcinoma. The primary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the colon is exceedingly rare variant of adenocarcinoma with incidence of 0.025% and accounts for 0.1% of colonic epithelial malignancies. 2 The squamous differentiation accounts for its aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Here we report a rare case of primary ASC in 80year old male who presented with large bowel obstruction and peritonitis. A 80-year-old male brought to causality with history of fever, vomiting, pain in abdomen, altered sensorium since three days. The clinical examination revealed intestinal obstruction and peritonitis. Patient was immediately subjected for radiological and hematology investigations which showed signs of bowel obstruction and perforation. On emergency exploratory laparotomy, colonic perforation was identified along with an ulcer proliferative mass in ascending colon. Gross examination of right hemicolectomy revealed 9x6x3cm ulcero proliferative mass in ascending colon. The microscopic examination showed an infiltrating tumor composed of adenocarcinoma component and areas of squamous differentiation (60%) noted. Tumor was invading through muscularis propria and serosa. Final diagnosis of primary ASC was made. Colonic ASC is rare and associated with poorer prognosis. The squamous cell differentiation has greater metastatic potential than adenocarcinoma. Compared to adenocarcinoma, ASC is more likely to manifest with advanced disease and complications. Keywords: Adenosquamous, Carcinoma, Colon","PeriodicalId":33653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48399523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.275
Animesh Gupta, Diwakar Singh, P. M. Naik, S. Hameed, Nanjesh Kumar
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the non-communicable diseases, has become a major public health problem and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. The important CVD risk factors are obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use. Cardiovascular risk approach is feasible and cost-effective tool, which helps to identify those at high risk for developing CVDs, so that immediate preventive measures or action can be taken to reduce the risk. Objectives: estimate the ten-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease using Framingham heart risk assessment score. Materials and Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among adults residing in a rural area of Dakshina Kannada District for a period of 6 months from July 2013 to December 2013. The data was collected using pretested semi structured questionnaire through interview methods. Anthropometric measurement and blood investigation (fasting blood sugar and lipid profile) was done. The Framingham Risk Score is a gender-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual Results: Among 712 study participants, 95 (13.3%) and 20 (2.8%) participants had intermediate and high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in 10 years respectively. The proportion of intermediate CVD risk prediction and high-risk predication was more in males as compared to females. Conclusion: The cardiovascular risk factors like obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes and hypertension are widely prevalent among adults in rural areas. The high-risk prediction for developing CVD among study participants in next 10 years was 2.8%. Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors, Framingham risk score, 10 years CVD risk prediction, Prevalence
{"title":"Ten Years Risk Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease among Adults in Rural Area of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka","authors":"Animesh Gupta, Diwakar Singh, P. M. Naik, S. Hameed, Nanjesh Kumar","doi":"10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.275","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the non-communicable diseases, has become a major public health problem and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. The important CVD risk factors are obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use. Cardiovascular risk approach is feasible and cost-effective tool, which helps to identify those at high risk for developing CVDs, so that immediate preventive measures or action can be taken to reduce the risk. Objectives: estimate the ten-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease using Framingham heart risk assessment score. Materials and Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among adults residing in a rural area of Dakshina Kannada District for a period of 6 months from July 2013 to December 2013. The data was collected using pretested semi structured questionnaire through interview methods. Anthropometric measurement and blood investigation (fasting blood sugar and lipid profile) was done. The Framingham Risk Score is a gender-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual Results: Among 712 study participants, 95 (13.3%) and 20 (2.8%) participants had intermediate and high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in 10 years respectively. The proportion of intermediate CVD risk prediction and high-risk predication was more in males as compared to females. Conclusion: The cardiovascular risk factors like obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes and hypertension are widely prevalent among adults in rural areas. The high-risk prediction for developing CVD among study participants in next 10 years was 2.8%. Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors, Framingham risk score, 10 years CVD risk prediction, Prevalence","PeriodicalId":33653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences and Health","volume":"115 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41251184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.168
Mudit Maheshwari, P. Yadav, S. Jain, Indra Kumar Batham, Akshara Gupta, Sweta Swaika
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been accepted as the best non-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of knee joint pathology but the advantages of ultrasound (US) over magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are that the ultrasound is readily available, cheap and offers real-time imaging. Aim: To assess the accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosing knee joint pathologies using MRI as a reference. Materials And Methods: 50 patients were evaluated prospectively over a period of 1.5 years by USG followed by MRI of the affected knee. Accuracy of USG was calculated with MRI as reference. Results: In our study, the majority of patients were in age group 21-30 years. Perfect agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for detecting Baker’s cyst. Near perfect agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for detecting joint effusion, soft tissue edema and osteophytes. Substantial agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for Collateral ligaments tear and Meniscal injuries. Moderate agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for PCL tear. Fair agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for ACL tear. Conclusion: Knee USG has high accuracy in diagnosing pathologies like knee joint effusion, synovitis, popliteal/baker’s cysts, soft tissue edema/cellulitis, arthritic changes, collateral ligament and meniscal tears. Keywords: Knee joint pathologies, Ultrasound, MRI, Ligaments
{"title":"Imaging of Knee Joint Pathologies: A Comparative Study of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"Mudit Maheshwari, P. Yadav, S. Jain, Indra Kumar Batham, Akshara Gupta, Sweta Swaika","doi":"10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.168","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been accepted as the best non-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of knee joint pathology but the advantages of ultrasound (US) over magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are that the ultrasound is readily available, cheap and offers real-time imaging. Aim: To assess the accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosing knee joint pathologies using MRI as a reference. Materials And Methods: 50 patients were evaluated prospectively over a period of 1.5 years by USG followed by MRI of the affected knee. Accuracy of USG was calculated with MRI as reference. Results: In our study, the majority of patients were in age group 21-30 years. Perfect agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for detecting Baker’s cyst. Near perfect agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for detecting joint effusion, soft tissue edema and osteophytes. Substantial agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for Collateral ligaments tear and Meniscal injuries. Moderate agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for PCL tear. Fair agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for ACL tear. Conclusion: Knee USG has high accuracy in diagnosing pathologies like knee joint effusion, synovitis, popliteal/baker’s cysts, soft tissue edema/cellulitis, arthritic changes, collateral ligament and meniscal tears. Keywords: Knee joint pathologies, Ultrasound, MRI, Ligaments","PeriodicalId":33653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences and Health","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41254055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.88
E. Rajni, S. Duggal, Devarshi Gajjar, Richa Sharma, V. Garg, P. Khatri
Background: Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are emerging at an alarming rate and pose a significant global threat. Objective: To conduct phenotypic and genotypic characterization of CRE strains from Rajasthan, Western India. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted in Department of Microbiology, Dr S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan from October to December 2018. All clinical samples received during the study period were processed and bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed according to standard microbiological guidelines. A total of 14 non duplicate carbapenem resistant clinical isolates of E coli and K pneumoniae were included in the study and subjected to Rapidec Carba NP test. Carbapenemase‑ encoding genes were amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR amplified products from three random isolates were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Results: Amikacin remained active against 36% isolates. All isolates were found to be susceptible to colistin and tigecycline. Carbapenemase production by Rapidec Carba NP test was noted in all (14/14) study isolates. All isolates were found to harbour ≥ 1 carbapenemase gene. The most common resistance gene observed was blaoxa (86%) followed by blaNDM (79%). None of the CRE isolates included in our study showed production of KPC enzymes. The sequences were analysed using BLAST analysis and were confirmed to be matching to OXA-48/181 and NDM-1. Conclusions: Growing carbapenem resistance is an important issue which needs urgent attention and blaOXA is an emerging mechanism of resistance among clinical CRE isolates in our setting Keywords: Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Phenotypic tests, Carbapenemase gene, Polymerase chain reaction
{"title":"First report of Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from a Tertiary Level Hospital in Rajasthan, Western India","authors":"E. Rajni, S. Duggal, Devarshi Gajjar, Richa Sharma, V. Garg, P. Khatri","doi":"10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.88","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are emerging at an alarming rate and pose a significant global threat. Objective: To conduct phenotypic and genotypic characterization of CRE strains from Rajasthan, Western India. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted in Department of Microbiology, Dr S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan from October to December 2018. All clinical samples received during the study period were processed and bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed according to standard microbiological guidelines. A total of 14 non duplicate carbapenem resistant clinical isolates of E coli and K pneumoniae were included in the study and subjected to Rapidec Carba NP test. Carbapenemase‑ encoding genes were amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR amplified products from three random isolates were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Results: Amikacin remained active against 36% isolates. All isolates were found to be susceptible to colistin and tigecycline. Carbapenemase production by Rapidec Carba NP test was noted in all (14/14) study isolates. All isolates were found to harbour ≥ 1 carbapenemase gene. The most common resistance gene observed was blaoxa (86%) followed by blaNDM (79%). None of the CRE isolates included in our study showed production of KPC enzymes. The sequences were analysed using BLAST analysis and were confirmed to be matching to OXA-48/181 and NDM-1. Conclusions: Growing carbapenem resistance is an important issue which needs urgent attention and blaOXA is an emerging mechanism of resistance among clinical CRE isolates in our setting Keywords: Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Phenotypic tests, Carbapenemase gene, Polymerase chain reaction","PeriodicalId":33653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43003630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.93
Sadia Mansoor, S. Shamsi, P. Shukla, S. Bhatnagar
Purpose: To assess the Clinical and Epidemiological profile of children 6 months to 5 years having Cryptosporidium diarrhoea and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) against modified acid-fast stain technique to detect Cryptosporidium in stool. Materials and Methods: Details of demography, presenting complaints, and detailed examination of children presenting with acute or persistent diarrhoea were recorded in a predesigned proforma. Two Stool samples were collected and examined same day by rapid antigen test and microscopy for presence of antigen or oocyst of cryptosporidium. Results: Out of the total of 280 samples tested, 40 (14.3%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in children presenting with diarrhoea in our study came out to be 14.3%. Fever, vomiting and pain abdomen were the most common presenting complaints. Epidemiological factors like providing clean water, proper feeding and hygiene, and avoidance of overcrowding can help in reducing the burden of Cryptosporidium diarrhoea. Persistent diarrhoea was more common among cryptosporidium positive cases. Rapid detection kits enhance the detection rate and are sensitive as well as specific. It could be utilised as an aid in diagnosis of Cryptosporidium diarrhoea. Conclusion: The study shows that cryptosporidial diarrhoea is not uncommon in immunocompetent children. Improvement in personal hygiene, feeding practices and access to safe and potable water can help in reducing burden of this disease. Antigen detection kits aid in early diagnosis. Keywords: Paediatric cryptosporidiosis, Persistent diarrhoea, Sanitation, RDT in diarrhoea, Abdominal pain
{"title":"Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Utility of Diagnostic Techniques in Immunocompetent Children with Cryptosporidium Diarrhoea","authors":"Sadia Mansoor, S. Shamsi, P. Shukla, S. Bhatnagar","doi":"10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i3.22.93","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess the Clinical and Epidemiological profile of children 6 months to 5 years having Cryptosporidium diarrhoea and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) against modified acid-fast stain technique to detect Cryptosporidium in stool. Materials and Methods: Details of demography, presenting complaints, and detailed examination of children presenting with acute or persistent diarrhoea were recorded in a predesigned proforma. Two Stool samples were collected and examined same day by rapid antigen test and microscopy for presence of antigen or oocyst of cryptosporidium. Results: Out of the total of 280 samples tested, 40 (14.3%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in children presenting with diarrhoea in our study came out to be 14.3%. Fever, vomiting and pain abdomen were the most common presenting complaints. Epidemiological factors like providing clean water, proper feeding and hygiene, and avoidance of overcrowding can help in reducing the burden of Cryptosporidium diarrhoea. Persistent diarrhoea was more common among cryptosporidium positive cases. Rapid detection kits enhance the detection rate and are sensitive as well as specific. It could be utilised as an aid in diagnosis of Cryptosporidium diarrhoea. Conclusion: The study shows that cryptosporidial diarrhoea is not uncommon in immunocompetent children. Improvement in personal hygiene, feeding practices and access to safe and potable water can help in reducing burden of this disease. Antigen detection kits aid in early diagnosis. Keywords: Paediatric cryptosporidiosis, Persistent diarrhoea, Sanitation, RDT in diarrhoea, Abdominal pain","PeriodicalId":33653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48490980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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