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An Economic Assessment for Manufacturing of Insulating Fire-bricks Using Bagasse With 1% Polystyrene 1%聚苯乙烯蔗渣生产隔热耐火砖的经济评价
Pub Date : 2019-05-05 DOI: 10.21625/ARCHIVE.V3I3.524
H. Ghazal, H. Moselhy, Ali M. Hassan
This paper deals with the addition of bagasse with 1% polystyrene (P.S.) as an organic matter to kaolin and grog in a kneader mixer to produce insulating fire-bricks (IFB) with adequate physical and thermal properties.Clay and grog were mixed in a kneader mixer on a plant scale for twenty minutes to give a paste of ~ 18-20%moisture content. The paste was hand moulded into shapes and dried. The shapes were then fired according to a certain schedule so as to avoid the rapid evolution of gases which causes cracks and destruction of the bricks.Physical properties such as water absorption, apparent porosity and bulk density were performed according toASTM. The mechanical properties of these bricks were also determined. Also, the author was able to construct a simple apparatus to measure the thermal conductivity by the comparative method.It was found that 3 % of bagasse with addition of 1% P.S. is accompanied by an increase in the water absorption and apparent porosity of the fired bricks. It also causes a decrease in cold crushing strength as well as thermal conductivity.Mathematical relations were developed to relate thermal conductivity to apparent porosity, and thermal conductivity to temperature.Finally, an economic study was performed for a product of bulk density 1.06 g/cm3 which showed that the use of 3% of bagasse with 1% P.S. gives the maximum saving.
本文研究了将有机物质为1%聚苯乙烯(ps)的甘蔗渣添加到高岭土和熟酒中,在混炼机中生产具有足够物理和热性能的绝缘耐火砖(IFB)。将粘土和熟酒在植物规模上的捏合机中混合20分钟,得到水分含量为~ 18-20%的糊状物。浆糊是用手捏成各种形状,然后晒干的。然后按照一定的时间表烧制形状,以避免气体的快速演变,导致砖的裂缝和破坏。物理性能如吸水率、表观孔隙率和体积密度根据astm进行测试。测定了这些砖的力学性能。此外,作者还构建了一个简单的仪器,可以用比较法测量导热系数。结果表明,当甘蔗渣添加量为3%,P.S.添加量为1%时,烧结砖的吸水率和表观孔隙率均有所增加。它还会导致冷破碎强度和导热性的降低。建立了将导热系数与表观孔隙率、导热系数与温度联系起来的数学关系。最后,对堆积密度为1.06 g/cm3的产品进行了经济研究,结果表明,使用3%的甘蔗渣和1%的P.S.可以最大限度地节省成本。
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引用次数: 0
Quality of Life to Achieve New Egyptian Cities 实现埃及新城市的生活质量
Pub Date : 2019-05-05 DOI: 10.21625/ARCHIVE.V3I3.518
Dina Darwish, Mohsen Bayad, M. Mahdy
The change in the pace of urbanization that Egypt is currently witnessing due to the massive population growth and the trend towards migration to some urban polarization centers has responded in a large and unbalanced urban transformation. The absence of a clear long-term strategy for urban development has affected the accumulation of investments in major cities. Alongside the challenge facing the development of new urban communities, is the result of interaction between the social situation, economic and urban and the environment that affects the human being to form a society characterized by the quality of life, which is the goal of development. If all these challenges did not achieve the results of quality of life, development has become deficient and unable to achieve its objectives and therefore the investments directed to this development is a waste of resources in a country that needs to deal with Resources efficiently and effectively, so as to achieve the maximum possible return of national income. Therefore The need to design an appropriate strategy aimed at Integration of parts of the State's urban space, as well as alleviating the regional disparities in the levels of urban development between different regions of the country, and achieving the greatest justice in the distribution of services and facilities and economic opportunities between citizens and regions, and Attracting residents from densely populated areas and territories to new urban centers with growing development and investment potential.
由于人口的大量增长和向一些城市两极分化中心迁移的趋势,埃及目前正在见证城市化步伐的变化,这导致了大规模和不平衡的城市转型。缺乏明确的长期城市发展战略影响了主要城市投资的积累。除了发展新城市社区所面临的挑战外,社会状况、经济和城市与影响人类的环境之间相互作用的结果是形成一个以生活质量为特征的社会,这是发展的目标。如果所有这些挑战都不能实现提高生活质量的结果,发展就会变得不足,无法实现其目标,因此,在一个需要高效率和有效地处理资源以实现国民收入最大可能回报的国家中,针对这种发展的投资是浪费资源。因此,有必要制定一项适当的战略,目的是使我国城市空间的各个部分一体化,减轻我国不同区域之间城市发展水平的区域差距,并在公民和区域之间最大限度地公平分配服务和设施以及经济机会,吸引人口稠密地区和地区的居民前往发展和投资潜力不断增长的新城市中心。
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引用次数: 2
Bioclimatism through Vernacular Architecture as a Pass for New Sustainable Structure 乡土建筑中的生物气候主义是新的可持续结构的通行证
Pub Date : 2019-05-05 DOI: 10.21625/ARCHIVE.V3I3.522
A. S. Y. Mohamed, Kholod Moumani
Vernacular architecture typifies a majority of constraints from places where it belongs, where the use of local materials and techniques is one of the key features. In comparison to industrially-produced materials, vernacular materials have low ecological effects, being an alternate for sustainable construction. The expanding utilization of new industrially-produced and standardized materials resulted in the homogenization of the several used construction approaches, and spawned a universal architecture that oftentimes has gone out of the environment context and it is very reliant on energy and other resources. Vernacular architecture predicated on bioclimatism concepts was developed and used through the ages by many civilizations around the world. Different civilizations have produced their own architectural styles predicated on the local conditions.This paper addresses via an analytical study to indicate the relationship between vernacular architecture, locally sourced materials and structure by relating them with bioclimatic zones. To assess the contribution of these materials for sustainability, an evaluation with industrial materials at level of environmental indicators was established. This paper highlights the advantages of using local materials and techniques as a factor of local socio-economic development.  Also, indicating different solar passive features that are available in Vernacular architecture, related to temperature control and promoting natural ventilation by using locally available materials in their construction. Through this methodology, this study will introduce a new approach Bioclimatism and Vernacular architecture as a pass for new sustainable structure.
乡土建筑代表了它所属地方的大多数限制,当地材料和技术的使用是其关键特征之一。与工业生产的材料相比,乡土材料的生态效应较低,是可持续建筑的替代品。新的工业生产和标准化材料的广泛使用导致了几种常用建筑方法的同质化,并催生了一种普遍的建筑,这种建筑往往脱离了环境背景,非常依赖能源和其他资源。以生物气候概念为基础的乡土建筑在各个时代都被世界各地的许多文明所发展和使用。不同的文明根据当地的情况产生了自己的建筑风格。本文通过一项分析研究,通过将当地建筑、当地材料和结构与生物气候带联系起来,指出它们之间的关系。为了评估这些材料对可持续性的贡献,在环境指标层面上对工业材料进行了评估。本文强调了使用当地材料和技术作为当地社会经济发展因素的优势。此外,还指出了乡土建筑中可用的不同太阳能被动式特征,与温度控制有关,并通过在建筑中使用当地可用的材料来促进自然通风。通过这种方法,本研究将引入一种新的方法——生物气候和乡土建筑,作为新的可持续结构的通行证。
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引用次数: 1
Sustainable potentials and Limitations of Using Media Façades in Egypt 埃及使用媒体平台的可持续潜力和局限性
Pub Date : 2019-05-05 DOI: 10.21625/ARCHIVE.V3I3.530
I. Gawad, Houssameldeen Bahgat, Rana Osama Mohamed
Media Façade is expressed in many cities by providing new attractive city images. The term „Media Façade‟ is a façade that is functionally and aesthetically specific and thus it represents the integration of architecture, technology. This integration is applied to represent new form of modern art and communication (Haeusler et al., 2012). Implementing new technology such as " Media Façade "following the purpose of fashion trend or adding new stylistic feature without being well studied will cause a massive impact on architecture. This technology " Media Façade " started to be used in Egypt in various buildings with different functions. This paper will firstly illustrate what is Media Façade then state the social, cultural and environmental impacts of these techniques by analyzing local examples using SWOT analysis.
许多城市通过提供新的吸引人的城市形象来表现媒体变革。“Media farade”一词是一种功能和美学特定的farade,因此它代表了建筑,技术的集成。这种整合被应用于代表现代艺术和传播的新形式(Haeusler et al., 2012)。随着流行趋势的目的而实施“Media farade”等新技术,或者在没有经过充分研究的情况下增加新的风格特征,都会对建筑造成巨大的影响。这种技术“Media farade”开始在埃及的各种不同功能的建筑中使用。本文将首先说明什么是Media farade,然后通过使用SWOT分析分析当地的例子来说明这些技术的社会、文化和环境影响。
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引用次数: 1
Sustainable Development and the Dilemma of Egyptian Economic Growth and Climate Change: 1917-2015 可持续发展与埃及经济增长与气候变化的困境:1917-2015
Pub Date : 2019-05-05 DOI: 10.21625/ARCHIVE.V3I3.519
D. Yousri, Christian R. Richter
It is forecasted that 250,000 people will die every year because of climate change and that 86.4 percent of the world population will be living in poverty by 2050. Previous literature has highlighted the tradeoff between poverty reductions and eliminating environmental degradation. Improving the livelihood of the poor therefore has to include improving the environment as well; especially that the poor suffer disproportionally from the effects of environmental decline. This paper tests the long term impact of climate change on economic growth in Egypt over a time period of 98 years using the Threshold model. The estimated threshold regression model suggests 22.9o C as the threshold value of temperature rate above which temperature significantly retards the growth rate of GDP. In addition, below the threshold level, there is a statistically significant positive relationship between Temperature and growth.
据预测,到2050年,每年将有25万人因气候变化而死亡,86.4%的世界人口将生活在贫困中。以前的文献强调了减少贫困和消除环境退化之间的权衡。因此,改善穷人的生计也必须包括改善环境;特别是穷人不成比例地受到环境恶化的影响。本文采用阈值模型,在98年的时间里检验了气候变化对埃及经济增长的长期影响。估计的阈值回归模型表明,温度速率的阈值为22.90℃,超过该阈值,温度显著延缓GDP的增长率。此外,在阈值水平以下,温度与生长之间存在统计学上显著的正相关。
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引用次数: 0
The Transformation of using Fractal Forms between Islamic and Digital Architecture from a Sustainable Approach 从可持续发展的角度看伊斯兰建筑与数字建筑使用分形形式的转变
Pub Date : 2019-05-05 DOI: 10.21625/ARCHIVE.V3I3.526
A. ElGohary
Along eras and civilizations, nature as a sustainable reference always has a great role in inspiration of the architectural form by the diversity of its vocabulary, rules, and colors…etc. Consequently, fractals as the main natural elements appeared in the achitectural morphology, since the ancient eras especially in the Islamic architecture in a various levels of forms, details, and patterns. However, nowadays the new architectural theories deal with fractals concept in a different ways depending on the deep understanding of universal and cosmic nature, also the new digital techniques in architectural design and construction that enhanced the appearance of new fractal forms. In this context, the research discusses the transformations of fractal systems, concepts and applications in architecture at the resent architectural theories, focusing on the digital architecture and how it deals with fractal forms, aiming to root the new architectural theories and link it with Islamic heritage to achieve a new Arab architecture that respects and reveals the local heritage and adapt with the latest architectural theories and techniques.
在不同的时代和文明中,自然作为一种可持续的参照物,其词汇、规则和颜色等的多样性总是在建筑形式的灵感中发挥着重要作用。因此,分形作为主要的自然元素出现在非建筑形态中,自古以来,尤其是在伊斯兰建筑中,以各种形式、细节和图案的形式出现。然而,如今的新建筑理论以不同的方式处理分形概念,这取决于对普遍性和宇宙性的深刻理解,以及建筑设计和施工中的新数字技术,这些技术增强了新分形形式的外观。在这种背景下,本研究讨论了分形系统的转换、概念和在建筑中的应用,重点是数字建筑及其如何处理分形形式,旨在扎根新的建筑理论并将其与伊斯兰遗产联系起来,以实现一种尊重和揭示当地遗产并适应最新建筑理论和技术的新阿拉伯建筑。
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引用次数: 2
Urban Identity Formation in Light Characteristics of Future Cities 未来城市光特征中的城市认同形成
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.21625/ARCHIVE.V3I2.516
Y. Elsayed
With the beginning of the 21st century and with the increase of urban growth in cities, the impact on urban cities significantly, especially environmental changes, climate, social and economic, which loss of some cities urban identity, As planners and designers of cities, we must facing these challenges by identifying the characteristics of future cities to Conservation our identity.
随着21世纪初城市规模的增大,城市对城市的影响显著,尤其是环境、气候、社会和经济的变化,使一些城市丧失了城市的特性,作为城市的规划者和设计者,我们必须面对这些挑战,通过识别未来城市的特点来保护我们的特性。
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引用次数: 1
Management Framework for Land Based Financing in Egyptian New Cities based on the Chinese Model 基于中国模式的埃及新城市土地融资管理框架
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.21625/ARCHIVE.V3I2.502
M. El-Nagdy, Hossam El-borombaly, L. Khodeir
Land based financing is a financing approach in which it can provide the needed financing to allurban infrastructure without depending on the government as the main economic funder or the low-income groups. This financing approach is based on obtaining revenues from private developers and high-end land owners through publicly-owned land selling or leasing to capture the increment in land value as a result of public investment in infrastructure which creates a sustainable financing mechanism for infrastructure provision and for urban development and expansion. However, the usage of this financing approach in some Egyptian new cities had exposed the government to many negative financial instability risks due to the current used policies which have caused to hinge and disturb the national urban development strategies. On the other hand, many international cases have used this financing approach effectively and achieved great outcomes on many levels; economic, social, sustainability, and urban development. One of these pioneering cases and considers have the longest experience in using this mechanism is China. The main objective of this research is to generate and deduce a management framework for this financing approach in Egyptian new cities based on the Chinese model. Accordingly, the research methodology includes literature review and qualitative analyses of some international pioneering cases in China in an attempt to deduce a set of criteria that eliminates any potential risks, neutralize the occurred risks, and unlock the full potentialities of this financing approach in Egyptian new cities.In conclusion, using land based financing effectively and with the right and suitable policies would achieve the governmental socio-economic, urban development, and sustainability objectives while keeps the negative impacts at their lowest levels.
土地融资是一种不依赖政府作为主要经济资助者或低收入群体,为所有城市基础设施提供所需资金的融资方式。这种融资方式的基础是,通过出售或租赁公有土地,从私人开发商和高端土地所有者那里获得收入,以获取公共基础设施投资带来的土地价值增值,从而为基础设施的提供和城市发展和扩张创造可持续的融资机制。然而,这种融资方式在埃及一些新城市的使用,使政府面临着许多负面的金融不稳定风险,因为目前使用的政策导致了国家城市发展战略的铰接和干扰。另一方面,许多国际案例都有效地运用了这种融资方式,并在多个层面上取得了良好的效果;经济、社会、可持续性和城市发展。中国是使用这一机制时间最长的先锋案例之一。本研究的主要目的是在中国模式的基础上,为埃及新城市的这种融资方式生成和推导出一个管理框架。因此,本文的研究方法包括文献综述和对中国一些国际开创性案例的定性分析,试图推导出一套标准,以消除任何潜在风险,中和已发生的风险,并释放这种融资方式在埃及新城中的全部潜力。总之,有效地利用土地融资并辅以正确和适当的政策,将实现政府的社会经济、城市发展和可持续性目标,同时将负面影响保持在最低水平。
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引用次数: 0
Quality of Life Indicators in Sustainable Urban Areas 可持续城市地区的生活质量指标
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.21625/ARCHIVE.V3I2.503
Ahmed Abunazel, Y. Hammad, Mohamed Abd AlAziz, Essam Gouda, W. Anis
Quality of life is a concept that has been discussed recently in various studies, as a response to many problems facing the compacted cities, all over the world as well as in Egypt.The purpose of this paper is to concentrate mainly on the concept of urban quality of life, it has a multi-dimensional and complex issue, the framework of this study is to find the (missing available urban quality of life indicators) in compacted cities.Although, there were design concepts of sustainable urban form in (High-density residential areas) with mixed land uses, which have a high degree of social interaction, this paper also aims to facilitate the participation of urban authorities in process of measuring, and analyzing the urban quality of life with providing an extra element for design concepts of a sustainable urban area such as greening & renewable energy.The study is beneficial for who interested in the field of sustainable development, and it gives indicators such as (GDP) (gross domestic product) which help the Simi sustainable areas to be a more efficient with urban quality of life indicators.GDP is highly useful for measuring marketing production and providing an indicative snapshot of an economy at a given time, this research uses the descriptive analytical and statistical approach to identify a quality of life indicators through study the Interrelationships environmental, social, economic and physical elements applying on compacted Egyptian cities.Finally, to raise the value of benefit from the resources and sustainable development within the compacted residential areas to get the required indicators of quality of urban life and managed.
生活质量是最近在各种研究中讨论的一个概念,作为对世界各地和埃及紧凑型城市面临的许多问题的回应。本文的目的是主要关注城市生活质量的概念,它是一个多维度和复杂的问题,本研究的框架是在紧凑型城市中寻找(缺失的可用城市生活质量指标)。尽管在具有高度社会互动性的混合土地用途的(高密度住宅区)中存在可持续城市形态的设计概念,但本文也旨在促进城市当局参与测量过程,分析城市生活质量,为绿化和可再生能源等可持续城市区域的设计理念提供额外的元素。这项研究有利于对可持续发展领域感兴趣的人,它给出了(GDP)(国内生产总值)等指标,有助于西米可持续地区成为一个更高效的城市生活质量指标。GDP对于衡量市场生产和提供特定时间经济的指示性快照非常有用,本研究使用描述性分析和统计方法,通过研究适用于紧凑的埃及城市的环境、社会、经济和物理因素的相互关系,来确定生活质量指标。最后,在紧凑型居住区内提高资源效益和可持续发展的价值,以获得所需的城市生活质量指标并进行管理。
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引用次数: 1
How New Technologies Can Promote an Active and Healthy City. Digital Platform to Identify Areas of Informal Sport Practice in the City of Malaga 新技术如何促进一个活跃和健康的城市。马拉加市非正规体育实践区域识别的数字平台
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.21625/ARCHIVE.V3I2.506
Marta Cornax Martın, Nuria Nebot Gómez de Salazar, Ana María Luque Gil, Carlos Rosa-Jiménez
In recent years the urban public space has become the largest casual sports infrastructure in cities and suburbs. WHO establishes a direct relationship between the Active Healthy City, social cohesion of communities and public space. This approach provides a framework for research and work on the design of the city and urban space as support for this sport practice. Moreover, new technologies provide an opportunity to promote the sport in the city.“Malaga Activa” digital platform project is an initiative that wants to promote the informal sport practice on the urban public space (outside the regulated sports facilities) and healthy living in the neighborhoods of the city of Malaga. This paper presents the results of the first phase of the project identifying the active sport areas in the public space -those in which physical and casual sport activities take place-. It also includes a methodology for the analisys and promotion of public space as an activator of phsycal activity, which includes a performance test of the created digital platform, as well as an assessment of the experience and possible improvements to be incorporated in the successive phases of the project.
近年来,城市公共空间已成为城市和郊区最大的休闲体育基础设施。世界卫生组织建立了积极健康城市、社区社会凝聚力和公共空间之间的直接关系。这种方法为城市和城市空间设计的研究和工作提供了一个框架,以支持这种体育实践。此外,新技术为在城市推广这项运动提供了机会。“马拉加Activa”数字平台项目是一项旨在促进城市公共空间(监管体育设施之外)的非正式体育实践和马拉加市社区的健康生活的倡议。本文介绍了该项目第一阶段的结果,确定了公共空间中活跃的体育区域——体育和休闲体育活动的区域。它还包括一种分析和推广公共空间作为心理活动激活剂的方法,其中包括对创建的数字平台的性能测试,以及对项目后续阶段的经验和可能改进的评估。
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引用次数: 0
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