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BRAIN INTERHEMISPHERIC INTERACTION IN CHILDREN WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES WITH SPATIAL ORIENTATION DISORDERS 患有空间定向障碍的智力残疾儿童大脑半球间的相互作用
Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.24234/se.v5i1.281
T. Azatyan
Children with intellectual disabilities can freely orientate in everyday situations only if their orientation is properly developed. They can orient aided by their peers and the environment. However, the slightest change or complication of the route from one familiar place to another cause’s confusion and sometimes helplessness in the actions of children. Unlike their normally developing peers, children with intellectual disabilities cannot mentally imagine the location of the kindergarten and combine all its premises in one space. Neurophysiological mechanisms for children with mental development disorders defined as functional insufficiency of the left or right hemispheres and the features of intra - and interhemispheric interaction in the developments of mental functions. Children with intellectual disabilities or mental development disorders can freely circumnavigate in everyday situations only if this task is carried out in a situation which is known and familiar for them. However, the slightest change or complication of the route from one familiar place or space to another cause’s confusion and sometimes helplessness in the actions of children.
智障儿童只有在其定向得到适当发展的情况下才能在日常环境中自由定向。他们可以在同伴和环境的帮助下定位。然而,从一个熟悉的地方到另一个熟悉的地方,路线的微小变化或复杂都会引起孩子们的困惑,有时甚至是无助的行为。与正常发育的同龄人不同,智障儿童无法想象幼儿园的位置,也无法将幼儿园的所有场所整合到一个空间中。儿童精神发育障碍的神经生理机制,定义为左或右半球功能不全,以及在精神功能发展中的半球内和半球间相互作用的特征。患有智力残疾或精神发育障碍的儿童只有在他们熟悉和熟悉的情况下进行这项任务,才能在日常情况下自由地进行绕圈。然而,从一个熟悉的地方或空间到另一个熟悉的地方或空间的路线的微小变化或复杂会引起孩子们的困惑,有时甚至是无助的行为。
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引用次数: 1
OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF THE INCLUSIVE WORKING GROUP ACTIVITY AT THE CHESS RESEARCH INSTITUTE 国际象棋研究所包容性工作组活动综述与分析
Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.24234/se.v5i1.282
A. Charchyan, Lilit Karapetyan
This article aims to summarize and present the analysis of the results of the studies conducted by the inclusive working group of the Chess Research Institute in 2015-2021. Critical discourse analysis was used as a methodology for this study. The inclusive workgroup that functions in the Chess research institute at the Armenian State Pedagogical University has done a range of studies aimed at exploration of the issue of involvement and participation students with special educational needs (SEN) at chess lessons in 2-4 grades, finding out the attitude of chess teachers to learning chess by these students in conditions of total inclusion, and the effect of chess on the mental development of children with SEN. Analysis of the obtained data unveils the fact that there are still lots of effort to pay to provide equal involvement and participation of students with SEN alongside their peers and other studies are needed.
本文旨在总结和分析国际象棋研究所包容性工作组在2015-2021年进行的研究结果。本文采用批评语篇分析作为研究方法。亚美尼亚国立教育大学国际象棋研究所的包容性工作组进行了一系列研究,旨在探讨2-4年级有特殊教育需求的学生参与国际象棋课程的问题,了解国际象棋教师在完全包容的条件下对这些学生学习国际象棋的态度,以及国际象棋对有特殊教育需要儿童心理发展的影响。对所获得的数据的分析表明,要让有特殊教育需求的学生与同龄人平等参与和参与,还有很多工作要做,还需要进行其他研究。
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引用次数: 1
HOW VISUALLY IMPAIRED LEARNERS CONSTRUCT OPPORTUNITIES TO LEARN MATHEMATICS? 视障学习者如何建构学习数学的机会?
Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.24234/se.v5i1.288
Setseetso Matobako, L. Jita
Many studies view inclusive education practices as having the potential to improve equal access to education, where the existing barriers are reduced. In mathematics specifically, it is believed that providing more opportunities to learn for learners with special educational needs can improve their performance and result in scaling down the mathematics achievement gap. A differing perspective from recent empirical research that focused on mathematics instruction involving learners with special educational needs in regular classroom settings, however, found that these learners did not benefit much in the mathematics lessons when equal opportunities to learn were provided. The present study reports on how learners with visual impairment perceive and engage with the teaching of mathematics in inclusive classrooms of Lesotho. The study follows a qualitative case study design using the framework of opportunity to learn (OTL) as the main theoretical resource through which conditions that facilitate effective teaching and learning of mathematics are examined. The article argues that what are often defined as opportunities to learn do not always translate into effective learning opportunities for learners with special educational needs. The opportunities to learn are mediated through the learners, who select what is and/or is not useful for them at a given point in time. Empowerment of both learners and teachers in the mediation of opportunities to learn will be a critical factor to ensure the success of interventions for inclusion in such mathematics classrooms.
许多研究认为,全纳教育实践有可能改善平等接受教育的机会,从而减少现有的障碍。特别是在数学方面,人们认为为有特殊教育需要的学习者提供更多的学习机会可以提高他们的成绩,从而缩小数学成绩差距。然而,与最近的实证研究不同的观点是,该研究关注的是在常规课堂环境中涉及有特殊教育需求的学习者的数学教学,发现当提供平等的学习机会时,这些学习者并没有从数学课程中受益多少。本研究报告了莱索托包容性课堂中视觉障碍学习者如何感知和参与数学教学。本研究遵循定性案例研究设计,使用学习机会框架(OTL)作为主要理论资源,通过该框架检查促进有效数学教与学的条件。文章认为,通常被定义为学习机会的东西并不总是转化为有特殊教育需要的学习者的有效学习机会。学习的机会是通过学习者来调节的,他们在给定的时间点选择对他们有用和/或没用的东西。在调解学习机会方面赋予学习者和教师权力,将是确保在此类数学课堂中实施包容性干预措施取得成功的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
THE PERSPECTIVE OF SCHOOL-BASED OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERVENTION TO ENHANCE THE PARTICIPATION OF LEARNERS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN SCHOOL ACTIVITIES 基于学校的职业治疗干预视角提高有特殊教育需求的学习者对学校活动的参与
Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.24234/se.v5i1.284
Gohar Hovyan, Zaruhi Harutyunyan
The aim of this study was to investigate the participation problems in school activities of the learners with special educational needs in order to establish the possible ways of Occupational Therapy intervention in school settings in Armenia. In total 111 learners with special educational needs were observed and their participation in educational and non-educational activities was assessed using the "Occupational Therapy School Skills Assessment'' tool. Since the educational environment considered being crucial for the learners’ participation, the school environment was observed to determine the features facilitating or burdening their involvement in all kinds of school activities. Quantitative research methodology was used to outline and summarize the participation problems of learners with special educational needs for establishing the possible ways of Occupational Therapy intervention. The results of this study highlighted that in the inclusive school in Armenia the learners with special educational needs still had participation restriction and their involvement in educational and non-educational activities was limited due to lack of individual skills and abilities, as well as not adapted environmental conditions. Learners with physical dysfunctions (62%) experienced mobility problems and had significant difficulties performing self-care activities, about 65% were not able to take part in outdoor events, permanent support and assistance were required. For the learners with autistic spectrum disorder (50%) communication with peers and staff members was still challenging and participation in the educational process was not effective.     
本研究的目的是调查有特殊教育需求的学生在学校活动中的参与问题,以确定在亚美尼亚学校环境中进行职业治疗干预的可能方法。总共观察了111名有特殊教育需求的学习者,并使用“职业治疗学校技能评估”工具。由于教育环境被认为对学习者的参与至关重要,因此观察学校环境以确定促进或加重他们参与各种学校活动的特征建立职业治疗干预的可能方式的特殊教育需求。这项研究的结果强调,在亚美尼亚的包容性学校中,有特殊教育需求的学习者仍然受到参与限制,由于缺乏个人技能和能力,以及不适应环境条件,他们参与教育和非教育活动受到限制。有身体功能障碍的学习者(62%)经历了行动不便,在进行自我护理活动时有重大困难,约65%的人无法参加户外活动,需要永久性的支持和帮助。对于患有自闭症谱系障碍的学习者(50%)来说,与同龄人和工作人员的沟通仍然具有挑战性,参与教育过程也不有效。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Occupational Therapy While Working with Cerebral Palsy Children Using Orthopedic Assistive Devices 职业治疗在使用矫形辅助装置治疗脑瘫儿童中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.24234/se.2021.4.2.272
Ashot Shahinyan, M. Harutyunyan
The main aim of the following research paper is to identify and interpret the preconditions and instructions for the implementation of effective Occupational Therapy intervention during the use of orthopedic assistive devices. In trying to highlight the role, professional skills, and perspectives of the occupational therapist, it will be possible to identify the key provisions that, if applied, will encourage the maximum participation of a child with Cerebral Palsy in several activities that are meaningful to him/her, thereby improving his/her quality of life and well-being. The methodology of data collection, processing, and analysis of the research is based on a combined method approach, which allows combining quantitative data collection and use of quantitative methods to later conclude the data obtained through certain numerical patterns. Structural interviews and designed questionnaires were used with 50 children having Cerebral Palsy and their parents or caregivers. The results showed that today in Armenia, due to the problems of obtaining and using orthopedic assistive devices, as well as the lack of professional supervision and monitoring, it is limited or does not ensure the maximum independent participation of children with Cerebral Palsy in community life, self-care, and professional activities.
以下研究论文的主要目的是识别和解释在使用矫形辅助装置期间实施有效的职业治疗干预的前提条件和指导。在努力强调职业治疗师的角色、专业技能和观点的过程中,有可能确定关键条款,如果应用这些条款,将鼓励脑瘫儿童最大限度地参与对他/她有意义的活动,从而提高他/她的生活质量和福祉。本研究的数据收集、处理和分析的方法论是基于一种结合方法的方法,它允许将定量数据收集和使用定量方法相结合,然后通过一定的数值模式得出数据。对50名脑瘫儿童及其父母或照顾者进行了结构访谈和设计问卷调查。结果表明,今天在亚美尼亚,由于获得和使用矫形辅助器具的问题,以及缺乏专业监督和监测,限制或不能确保脑瘫儿童最大限度地独立参与社区生活、自我保健和专业活动。
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引用次数: 0
The Analyses of Possible Indicators of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Early Diagnosis 儿童孤独症谱系障碍早期诊断的可能指标分析
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.24234/se.2021.4.2.276
Kristina Kharatyan
Nowadays autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are on the list of most frequent childish disorders. It is characterized by communicational, behavioural, and emotional difficulties, unique manifestations of cognitive processes, lack of communicational initiative. ASD is a developmental disorder that occurs in early childhood, persists into adulthood, and affects three areas of development: communication, social partnership, and behavior. So, when the means of communication are incomplete or absent, the normal course of the child's development is being disrupted, social adaptation becomes impossible. For the effective organization of speech therapy intervention of children, it is necessary to start child`s rehabilitation work as   possible of the child's development: The author's long time professional experience (15 years) in working with these children indicates that one of the keys to the best effectiveness of communication and speech development is early intervention, which can be organized only after the early detection and diagnosis of children with ASD. One of the prerequisites for early diagnosis is to ensure the continuity of the awareness process among parents, which is the main goal of our article.
如今,自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是最常见的儿童障碍之一。它的特点是沟通、行为和情绪困难,认知过程的独特表现,缺乏沟通主动性。ASD是一种发生在儿童早期、持续到成年的发育障碍,影响三个发展领域:沟通、社会伙伴关系和行为。因此,当沟通手段不完整或缺失时,孩子的正常发展过程就会被打乱,社会适应就变得不可能了。为了有效地组织儿童的言语治疗干预,有必要开始儿童的康复工作,尽可能地促进儿童的发展:作者在与这些儿童合作方面的长期专业经验(15年)表明,沟通和言语发展取得最佳效果的关键之一是早期干预,只有在早期发现和诊断患有ASD的儿童之后才能组织。早期诊断的先决条件之一是确保父母意识过程的连续性,这是我们文章的主要目标。
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引用次数: 0
Special Educational Support for University Students in the Czech Republic 捷克共和国对大学生的特殊教育支持
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.24234/se.2021.4.2.270
Zdenka Šándorová
The education of school children and university students with special educational needs is enabled mainly due to the creation of an inclusive educational environment. In the Czech Republic, inclusive educational environment support is being carried out from an early age within the framework of social services. Within this scope, this analytical paper describes the inclusive environment of the university and the disability support services provided. At the same time, the article focuses mainly on the issues of the inclusive environment within university education and describes the situation at the University of Pardubice in the Czech Republic. Results of the situation analyses are showing that providing the students with special educational needs with access to university studies leads to an equality of their educational opportunities
有特殊教育需要的学童和大学生的教育主要是由于创造了一个包容性的教育环境。在捷克共和国,在社会服务的框架内,从小就提供包容性教育环境支助。在这个范围内,这篇分析论文描述了大学的包容性环境和提供的残疾支持服务。同时,本文主要关注大学教育中的包容性环境问题,并描述了捷克共和国帕尔杜比策大学的情况。情况分析的结果表明,为有特殊教育需要的学生提供进入大学学习的机会会导致他们的教育机会平等
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引用次数: 0
Peculiarities of Organizing the Education of Children With Speech Disorders from the Perspective of Speech Therapy Assessment and Intervention 从言语治疗评估与干预的角度组织言语障碍儿童教育的特殊性
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.24234/se.2021.4.2.275
Anna Aslanyan
Early diagnosis of various speech disorders and the process of timely organization of speech therapy intervention has remained in the limelight․ Using the sensitive areas of child development for effective speech therapy intervention period, taking into consideration the fact that each stage of development creates a basis for further development was highly recommended. It is known that the diagnosis or assessment is based on the examination of the child, detailed anamnestic data collected, which presents the features of the child’s early development, starting from prenatal, natal, and postnatal development. In this case, it is very important to pay attention to the existence of harmful effects that occurred during pregnancy, traumas occurred, asphyxia, etc. It is a fact that early diagnosis of various speech disorders in children, as well as the organization of appropriate speech therapy intervention, allows avoiding more complex problems that may arise already at school age. Based on this the main aim of this paper is to review the existing literature in regards to organization education of children with speech disorders and speech therapy assessment and intervention within this frame and analyze the standpoint of different authors and sources.  
各种言语障碍的早期诊断和及时组织言语治疗干预的过程一直备受关注․强烈建议利用儿童发育的敏感区域进行有效的言语治疗干预期,考虑到每个发育阶段都为进一步发展奠定了基础。众所周知,诊断或评估是基于对儿童的检查、收集的详细记忆数据,这些数据从产前、产后和产后发育开始,呈现了儿童早期发育的特征。在这种情况下,非常重要的是要注意怀孕期间发生的有害影响、发生的创伤、窒息等的存在。事实上,对儿童各种言语障碍的早期诊断,以及组织适当的言语治疗干预,可以避免学龄时可能出现的更复杂的问题。基于此,本文的主要目的是在这个框架内回顾现有的关于言语障碍儿童组织教育和言语治疗评估与干预的文献,并分析不同作者和来源的观点。
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引用次数: 0
The Importance of Self-Care Skills Development for Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder From the Parents’ Perspective 从父母的角度看自闭症谱系障碍儿童自我护理技能发展的重要性
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.24234/se.2021.4.2.271
Armine Hakobyan, Zaruhi Harutyunyan
This research aims to explore the awareness of parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder about rehabilitation services developing self-care skills. A quantitative research method was used in this work, which allows to form knowledge based on precise logic, mathematical-statistical calculations. The study included an online and paper-based questionnaire survey where 35 parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder have participated. The use of the quantitative method for data collection and analysis made it possible to rigorously adhere to the aim and the objectives of the study as well as to obtain objective results, test the accuracy of the hypothesis, and establish causation. The summary of the results showed that the majority of parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder (81.8%) have a clear idea of ​​the services aimed at improving self-care activities and realize the importance of performing them independently. For 6.7% of parents, it was important that their children can perform self-care activities independently, but they did not take steps in that direction, and only 26.7% wanted to seek professional help. However, as parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder, select rehabilitation services for enhancing their children’s skills, being aware of appropriate services, and suitable intervention approaches were considered to be important points for approving children’s future independent life. 
本研究旨在探讨自闭症谱系障碍儿童的父母对康复服务发展自我护理技能的认识。这项工作采用了定量研究方法,可以在精确逻辑、数理统计计算的基础上形成知识。这项研究包括一项在线和纸质问卷调查,35名自闭症谱系障碍儿童的父母参与了调查。使用定量方法进行数据收集和分析,可以严格遵守研究的目的和目标,并获得客观的结果,检验假设的准确性,并确定因果关系。结果摘要显示,大多数自闭症谱系障碍儿童的父母(81.8%)对​​旨在改善自我保健活动并意识到独立开展这些活动的重要性的服务。对于6.7%的父母来说,他们的孩子能够独立进行自我护理活动很重要,但他们没有朝着这个方向采取措施,只有26.7%的父母希望寻求专业帮助。然而,作为自闭症谱系障碍儿童的父母,选择康复服务以提高儿童的技能、意识到适当的服务和适当的干预方法被认为是批准儿童未来独立生活的重要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Aphasia Rehabilitation 影响失语康复疗效的因素
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.24234/se.2021.4.2.274
Zh. A. Paylozyan
This paper aims to test the influence of premorbid verbal intelligence on the nature of aphasia and spontaneous speech recovery and to study the role of a micro-social environment on the effectiveness of speech rehabilitation. The quantitative and qualitative methods of analyses as well as special parameters to determine characteristics of the communicative-speech environment and the degree of its influence on the process of speech recovery were selected. A total of 65 patients with aphasia have been selected to study the effect of multilingualism on the efficacy of speech therapy. Family members of 150 patients with aphasia were interviewed to find out the micro-social environment effects on the process of aphasia rehabilitation and to inquire about a correlation between the degrees of involvement of the patient's environment in the process of speech therapy. The factor of multilingualism and factor of the communicative-speech environment are interrelated with each other and the choice and appropriate use of language by the patients with aphasia need to be controlled from the outside.
本研究旨在检验病前言语智力对失语症性质和自发言语康复的影响,并研究微观社会环境对言语康复效果的作用。选择了定量分析和定性分析的方法,以及确定交际言语环境特征及其对言语恢复过程影响程度的特殊参数。本文选取65例失语症患者,研究多语对语言治疗效果的影响。对150例失语症患者家属进行访谈,了解微观社会环境对失语症康复过程的影响,并探讨患者环境在言语治疗过程中的参与程度之间的相关性。多语因素与交际言语环境因素是相互关联的,失语症患者对语言的选择和恰当使用需要外界的控制。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Armenian Journal of Special Education
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