Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20230702.11
Kasahun Wale, Bealu Girma
{"title":"An Overview of Techniques for Extracting Caffeine from Coffee for Quantification","authors":"Kasahun Wale, Bealu Girma","doi":"10.11648/j.ajcbe.20230702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20230702.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337881,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129076093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Mercury and lead are heavy metals found in the environment which affect metabolic activity. However, few studies have investigated the acute toxicity tests for mercury chloride and lead acetate in amphibians. The present study evaluated acute toxicity values of lead acetate, mercury chloride and their effects on fasting blood glucose levels in the common African toad Bufo regularis. The acute toxicity test was performed using static renewal bioassays. A total of 90 adult toads of either sex was used for the study. The experiment was divided into two phases. Phase 1 study consisted of 50 toads divided into 10 groups of 5 toads per group. Animals in groups 1-5 were exposed to water (0mg/L), 4mg/L, 8mg/L, 16mg/L and 32mg/L of lead acetate solutions respectively while animals in groups 6-10 were exposed to water (0mg/L), 10mg/L, 20mg/L, 35mg/L, 50mg/L of mercury chloride solutions respectively for 96 hours. Mortality was recorded after 96h and LD50 values were calculated. The second phase of the experiment had 40 toads divided into eight groups of five animals each. Animals in groups 1-4 were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of mercury chloride 0mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 3mg/L and 4mg/L while groups 5-8 animals were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of lead acetate 0mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 3mg/L, and 4mg/L respectively for 7 days. The blood glucose level was measured one week after exposure using the modified glucose oxidase method. The results of the study showed the 96h LD50 values for mercury chloride was 43mg/L and 15.03mg/L for lead acetate in the common African toad. Acute exposure to low dose mercury chloride and lead acetate solutions caused a significant increase in fasting glucose levels of the toads compared with the controls. In conclusion, the study showed the 96h LD50 values for lead acetate was 15.03mg/L and 43mg/L for mercury chloride in the common African toad. This study also, demonstrated that acute exposure to low dose lead acetate and mercury chloride solutions caused harmful effects and increased fasting glucose levels in the common African toad. Therefore, it is suggested that exposure to lead acetate and mercury chloride be avoided.
{"title":"Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Lead Acetate, Mercury Chloride, and Their Effects on Fasting Blood Glucose Level in the Common African Toad (<i>Bufo regularis</i>)","authors":"Isehunwa Grace Olufunmilayo, Alabi Alimoh Helen, Ebeghe Aghoja, Osifo Innocent Aimen","doi":"10.11648/j.ajcbe.20230701.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20230701.13","url":null,"abstract":": Mercury and lead are heavy metals found in the environment which affect metabolic activity. However, few studies have investigated the acute toxicity tests for mercury chloride and lead acetate in amphibians. The present study evaluated acute toxicity values of lead acetate, mercury chloride and their effects on fasting blood glucose levels in the common African toad Bufo regularis. The acute toxicity test was performed using static renewal bioassays. A total of 90 adult toads of either sex was used for the study. The experiment was divided into two phases. Phase 1 study consisted of 50 toads divided into 10 groups of 5 toads per group. Animals in groups 1-5 were exposed to water (0mg/L), 4mg/L, 8mg/L, 16mg/L and 32mg/L of lead acetate solutions respectively while animals in groups 6-10 were exposed to water (0mg/L), 10mg/L, 20mg/L, 35mg/L, 50mg/L of mercury chloride solutions respectively for 96 hours. Mortality was recorded after 96h and LD50 values were calculated. The second phase of the experiment had 40 toads divided into eight groups of five animals each. Animals in groups 1-4 were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of mercury chloride 0mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 3mg/L and 4mg/L while groups 5-8 animals were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of lead acetate 0mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 3mg/L, and 4mg/L respectively for 7 days. The blood glucose level was measured one week after exposure using the modified glucose oxidase method. The results of the study showed the 96h LD50 values for mercury chloride was 43mg/L and 15.03mg/L for lead acetate in the common African toad. Acute exposure to low dose mercury chloride and lead acetate solutions caused a significant increase in fasting glucose levels of the toads compared with the controls. In conclusion, the study showed the 96h LD50 values for lead acetate was 15.03mg/L and 43mg/L for mercury chloride in the common African toad. This study also, demonstrated that acute exposure to low dose lead acetate and mercury chloride solutions caused harmful effects and increased fasting glucose levels in the common African toad. Therefore, it is suggested that exposure to lead acetate and mercury chloride be avoided.","PeriodicalId":337881,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132707762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antibacterial Effects of Crude Methanolic Extract, Ethyl Acetate Extract and Isolated Compounds from the Fruits of <i>Combretum molle</i> (<i>Combretaceae</i>)","authors":"Yakai Fawai, Dawe Amadou, Wangso Albert, Fanta Angele, Moussa Djaouda, Taira Vincent, Doudja Chantal, L. Benoît","doi":"10.11648/j.ajcbe.20230701.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20230701.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337881,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20230701.11
Md. Saiful Islam, Md. Kamal Hosain, Khalifa Almheiri, Thirein Myo
{"title":"Hybrid Energy Harvesting for Self-powered Implantable Biomedical Devices","authors":"Md. Saiful Islam, Md. Kamal Hosain, Khalifa Almheiri, Thirein Myo","doi":"10.11648/j.ajcbe.20230701.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20230701.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337881,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139370707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210502.12
Divit Gulati, Jayesh Jawandhia
Engine corrosion has been a long prevalent problem which is further aggravated by acids produced during combustion of fuels. Sulphur containing fuels produce sulphuric acid which must be neutralized in order to prevent corrosion at the engine cylinder lining and piston rings. In order to prevent this corrosion, lubrication oil used in combustion engines contains basic additives like CaCO3-based reverse micelles for neutralizing the acid produced. The mechanism and rate limiting step in the reaction between acid droplets and basic reverse micelles has long been a subject of study. Literature on sulpluric acid droplets neutralization speculates that diffusion of micelles towards the acid droplet is the rate limiting step. However, through this research, we have proved that a diffusion-controlled mechanism alone is not applicable. This has been done by studying various capillary video microscopy experiments on sulphuric, nitric and acetic acid. To prove the invalidity of a diffusion-controlled mechanism, we have assessed the diffusion coefficient and the viscosity at different temperature. Models for finding the diffusion coefficient & viscosity are based on Fick’s law and Stokes Einstein equation respectively. The obtained viscosity from assuming a diffusion-controlled model is compared to observed viscosity (actual viscosity) in lubricant oil to measure deviation of diffusion-controlled model from actual neutralization kinetics. Finally, we have hypothesized alternative reaction mechanisms to explain the considerable deviation found in viscosity values.
{"title":"Assessing Validity of Diffusion Controlled Model in Acid Neutralization of Lubricant Oil","authors":"Divit Gulati, Jayesh Jawandhia","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210502.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210502.12","url":null,"abstract":"Engine corrosion has been a long prevalent problem which is further aggravated by acids produced during combustion of fuels. Sulphur containing fuels produce sulphuric acid which must be neutralized in order to prevent corrosion at the engine cylinder lining and piston rings. In order to prevent this corrosion, lubrication oil used in combustion engines contains basic additives like CaCO3-based reverse micelles for neutralizing the acid produced. The mechanism and rate limiting step in the reaction between acid droplets and basic reverse micelles has long been a subject of study. Literature on sulpluric acid droplets neutralization speculates that diffusion of micelles towards the acid droplet is the rate limiting step. However, through this research, we have proved that a diffusion-controlled mechanism alone is not applicable. This has been done by studying various capillary video microscopy experiments on sulphuric, nitric and acetic acid. To prove the invalidity of a diffusion-controlled mechanism, we have assessed the diffusion coefficient and the viscosity at different temperature. Models for finding the diffusion coefficient & viscosity are based on Fick’s law and Stokes Einstein equation respectively. The obtained viscosity from assuming a diffusion-controlled model is compared to observed viscosity (actual viscosity) in lubricant oil to measure deviation of diffusion-controlled model from actual neutralization kinetics. Finally, we have hypothesized alternative reaction mechanisms to explain the considerable deviation found in viscosity values.","PeriodicalId":337881,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121687000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210502.13
A. Gupta, S. Sen, Ritesh Kumar, R. Ramna, S. Kumari, S. Dhakate
Coal tar pitch is broadly classified into two kinds based on their properties: Binder Pitch for aluminum and Graphite Industry Impregnated Pitch with less than 0.5% QI (Quinoline Insoluble) used in the graphite industry. To maximize value realization through downstream processing of coal tar, proposal was made to explore the feasibility of conversion of different qualities of coal tars from different steel plants to coal tar pitch (CTP) of different varieties (binder as well as zero QI impregnated for both Al & graphite industries), through first level of fractional distillation. In this study, four qualities of coal tar samples three from plant 1 (TP-1, TP-2, and TP-3) and one from plant 2 (TP-4) were collected and sent to laboratory for necessary evaluation, conversion and subsequent characterization studies. Zero QI impregnated pitch from coal tar (TP-1, TP-2, and TP-3) can also be made using solvent extraction or sedimentation process, which may not be cost-effective. Depending on the required specifications for binder & impregnated grade pitches, process parameters during vacuum distillation, were optimized through this collaborative work. On conversion of coal tar sample into coal tar pitches, QI content depends on distillation temperature, vacuum and soaking time.
{"title":"Effect of Process Parameter on Coal Tar Distillate Products","authors":"A. Gupta, S. Sen, Ritesh Kumar, R. Ramna, S. Kumari, S. Dhakate","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210502.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210502.13","url":null,"abstract":"Coal tar pitch is broadly classified into two kinds based on their properties: Binder Pitch for aluminum and Graphite Industry Impregnated Pitch with less than 0.5% QI (Quinoline Insoluble) used in the graphite industry. To maximize value realization through downstream processing of coal tar, proposal was made to explore the feasibility of conversion of different qualities of coal tars from different steel plants to coal tar pitch (CTP) of different varieties (binder as well as zero QI impregnated for both Al & graphite industries), through first level of fractional distillation. In this study, four qualities of coal tar samples three from plant 1 (TP-1, TP-2, and TP-3) and one from plant 2 (TP-4) were collected and sent to laboratory for necessary evaluation, conversion and subsequent characterization studies. Zero QI impregnated pitch from coal tar (TP-1, TP-2, and TP-3) can also be made using solvent extraction or sedimentation process, which may not be cost-effective. Depending on the required specifications for binder & impregnated grade pitches, process parameters during vacuum distillation, were optimized through this collaborative work. On conversion of coal tar sample into coal tar pitches, QI content depends on distillation temperature, vacuum and soaking time.","PeriodicalId":337881,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130415092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.15
L. Hy, D. V. Ha, Pham Xuan Ky, N. P. Anh, Phan Bao Vy, Doan Thi Thiet
Fish bone by-products are considered as abundant and cheap sources of Hydroxyapatite (HAp). The preparation of HAp powders from fish bones not only contributes to improving the added value of by-products but also reduces undesirable impacts on the environment. In this study, nano-HAp was successfully obtained from Lates calcarifer fish bone originated from a seafood export company in Khanh Hoa province. After pretreatment of fish bones for removing organic matters, the bones were under alkaline hydrolysis at 200°C within different time intervals of 30 mins, 1 and 1.5 hours. Results of XRD and SEM analysis showed that the calcium formed was HAP and it possessed an average size of 50-64 nm. The values of the Ca/P molar ratio from 1.896 to 1.921 prove that the nano-HAp powders are B-type biological hydroxyapatites which have been confirmed by FTIR spectrum. In addition, the contents of heavy metals such as As, Pb, Hg, Cd are measured by emission spectrophotometer and detected within safety limits of regulatory requirements of Vietnam regulation and US Pharmacopeia for food and dietary supplement standard. These properties show that nano-HAp from Lates calcarifer fish bone are applicable and to be used as an input material in food and medicine field.
{"title":"Preparation of Nano-hydroxyapatite Obtained from Lates Calcarifer Fish Bone by Alkaline Hydrolysis Method","authors":"L. Hy, D. V. Ha, Pham Xuan Ky, N. P. Anh, Phan Bao Vy, Doan Thi Thiet","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.15","url":null,"abstract":"Fish bone by-products are considered as abundant and cheap sources of Hydroxyapatite (HAp). The preparation of HAp powders from fish bones not only contributes to improving the added value of by-products but also reduces undesirable impacts on the environment. In this study, nano-HAp was successfully obtained from Lates calcarifer fish bone originated from a seafood export company in Khanh Hoa province. After pretreatment of fish bones for removing organic matters, the bones were under alkaline hydrolysis at 200°C within different time intervals of 30 mins, 1 and 1.5 hours. Results of XRD and SEM analysis showed that the calcium formed was HAP and it possessed an average size of 50-64 nm. The values of the Ca/P molar ratio from 1.896 to 1.921 prove that the nano-HAp powders are B-type biological hydroxyapatites which have been confirmed by FTIR spectrum. In addition, the contents of heavy metals such as As, Pb, Hg, Cd are measured by emission spectrophotometer and detected within safety limits of regulatory requirements of Vietnam regulation and US Pharmacopeia for food and dietary supplement standard. These properties show that nano-HAp from Lates calcarifer fish bone are applicable and to be used as an input material in food and medicine field.","PeriodicalId":337881,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128009380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.14
V. Allam, Sailaja Budati Bala Venkata, Sirisha David
This research study focuses at the use of fenugreek seed powder as a bio adsorbent for removing arsenic from aqueous media. Metal biosorption research on Fenugreek seed powder has been studied in just a few studies. SEM, FTIR, and XRD were used to investigate the constituents and properties of fenugreek seed powder, which revealed the constituents and properties that enabled the arsenic biosorption process to succeed. To investigate the strength of arsenic adsorption using Fenugreek seed powder as a bioadsorbent, the effects of primary parameters including contact time, dose, concentration, pH, and temperature were used. The report of these parameters suggested that as the parameters increased, the efficient removal of arsenic increased until equilibrium was reached, but no successful results were seen after gaining the equilibrium. The biosorption process to Freundlich isotherm and pseudo kinetic order in liner form with better correlation coefficients was verified by a survey of biosorption isotherms and kinetic results. The system was endothermic, random, and favourable with biosorption characteristics at various temperatures, as determined by the thermodynamic constants. As a result of these findings, fenugreek seed powder has been modified for arsenic adsorption.
{"title":"Arsenic (III) Biosorption with Fenugreek (Methi) Seed Powder as a Low-cost Biosorbent","authors":"V. Allam, Sailaja Budati Bala Venkata, Sirisha David","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.14","url":null,"abstract":"This research study focuses at the use of fenugreek seed powder as a bio adsorbent for removing arsenic from aqueous media. Metal biosorption research on Fenugreek seed powder has been studied in just a few studies. SEM, FTIR, and XRD were used to investigate the constituents and properties of fenugreek seed powder, which revealed the constituents and properties that enabled the arsenic biosorption process to succeed. To investigate the strength of arsenic adsorption using Fenugreek seed powder as a bioadsorbent, the effects of primary parameters including contact time, dose, concentration, pH, and temperature were used. The report of these parameters suggested that as the parameters increased, the efficient removal of arsenic increased until equilibrium was reached, but no successful results were seen after gaining the equilibrium. The biosorption process to Freundlich isotherm and pseudo kinetic order in liner form with better correlation coefficients was verified by a survey of biosorption isotherms and kinetic results. The system was endothermic, random, and favourable with biosorption characteristics at various temperatures, as determined by the thermodynamic constants. As a result of these findings, fenugreek seed powder has been modified for arsenic adsorption.","PeriodicalId":337881,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122249546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-16DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.13
I. Mohammed, H. Mohammed, M. Abubakar
Traditionally Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark have being widely used in treatment of anemia. The goal of this examination is to explore the viability of Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark removes on jungle fever initiated paleness. Anaemia was induced by inoculation of 2ml of infected blood containing 0.1 x 107 Plasmodium beghei. The sickly mice were treated with 250 and 500mg/body weight of watery and ethanolic concentrates of Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark for four days. The results shows that there is significant (P>0.005) increase in both haematological parameters (PCV, Hb and RBC), haematological indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC) and immunological parameters (WBC, platelets, neutrophils and lymphocytes) in malaria control compared to normal. Oral administration of 250 and 500mg/kg body weight of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark shows significant increase (p>0.05) in haematological parameters compared to malaria control. There were significant improvement in WBC, platelets, neutrophils, hympolytes and MCH. Compared to malaria control. The anaemic mice treated with 250/500mg/kg body weight of ethanolic extract showed significant improvement in both haematological and immunological parameters tested. These result suggest that Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark can he used in managing anemia.
{"title":"Effect of Pterocarpus erinaceus Stem Bark Extracts on Haematological Parameters in Malaria Induced Anaemic Mice","authors":"I. Mohammed, H. Mohammed, M. Abubakar","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.13","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark have being widely used in treatment of anemia. The goal of this examination is to explore the viability of Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark removes on jungle fever initiated paleness. Anaemia was induced by inoculation of 2ml of infected blood containing 0.1 x 107 Plasmodium beghei. The sickly mice were treated with 250 and 500mg/body weight of watery and ethanolic concentrates of Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark for four days. The results shows that there is significant (P>0.005) increase in both haematological parameters (PCV, Hb and RBC), haematological indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC) and immunological parameters (WBC, platelets, neutrophils and lymphocytes) in malaria control compared to normal. Oral administration of 250 and 500mg/kg body weight of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark shows significant increase (p>0.05) in haematological parameters compared to malaria control. There were significant improvement in WBC, platelets, neutrophils, hympolytes and MCH. Compared to malaria control. The anaemic mice treated with 250/500mg/kg body weight of ethanolic extract showed significant improvement in both haematological and immunological parameters tested. These result suggest that Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark can he used in managing anemia.","PeriodicalId":337881,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126679030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.12
Wangmene Bagamla, Djakba Raphael, H. Massai, L. Benoît
Plant extracts are nowadays cited as suitable tools for better protection of stored grains insect pest attacks. These chemical insecticides are less attractive to producers because of their low persistence and difficulty to use as pure product. The present work aimed to study the formulation through adsorption of tetracyclic triterpene of the leaves of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) on kaolin. tetracyclic triterpene was obtained by macerated in methanol solvent. In this study, we tested the technical properties of kaolin physically and chemically, which include XRF, XRD, and FTIR. Based on the XRF test, the main composition of kaolin, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, SO3, P2O5 were 45.41, 20.54, 8.10, 0.13, 0.79, 01.10, 01.09, 0.04, and 0.03% respectively, while the rest were impurities. The FTIR spectra showed the functional groups of Al-OH, Al-O and Si-O. While the XRD diffractogram identified kaolinite as the main mineral phase in the presence of quartz, muscovite, and grossite tested in small quantities in the sample. The experimental parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of extract of triterpene and temperature were studied. The study revealed that the maximum quantity of adsorption is reached after 10 minutes, it is believed that the quantities adsorbed with the increase in the concentration of the adsorbate and quantities adsorbed decreases with the increase of the mass of the clay and temperature. The adsorbent showed good potential for adsorption with a maximum take up of 0.34 mg/g. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption involved a chemical process, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. The kinetic study showed that the second-order model gives a better description of the kinetics of the adsorption reaction. The study of the adsorption of triterpene extract by kaolinite can be used for a powdery formulation of insecticide.
{"title":"Adsorption of Triterpene Extracts of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) Leaves by Local Kaolin from Boboyo, Far North Region (Cameroon)","authors":"Wangmene Bagamla, Djakba Raphael, H. Massai, L. Benoît","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCBE.20210501.12","url":null,"abstract":"Plant extracts are nowadays cited as suitable tools for better protection of stored grains insect pest attacks. These chemical insecticides are less attractive to producers because of their low persistence and difficulty to use as pure product. The present work aimed to study the formulation through adsorption of tetracyclic triterpene of the leaves of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) on kaolin. tetracyclic triterpene was obtained by macerated in methanol solvent. In this study, we tested the technical properties of kaolin physically and chemically, which include XRF, XRD, and FTIR. Based on the XRF test, the main composition of kaolin, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, SO3, P2O5 were 45.41, 20.54, 8.10, 0.13, 0.79, 01.10, 01.09, 0.04, and 0.03% respectively, while the rest were impurities. The FTIR spectra showed the functional groups of Al-OH, Al-O and Si-O. While the XRD diffractogram identified kaolinite as the main mineral phase in the presence of quartz, muscovite, and grossite tested in small quantities in the sample. The experimental parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of extract of triterpene and temperature were studied. The study revealed that the maximum quantity of adsorption is reached after 10 minutes, it is believed that the quantities adsorbed with the increase in the concentration of the adsorbate and quantities adsorbed decreases with the increase of the mass of the clay and temperature. The adsorbent showed good potential for adsorption with a maximum take up of 0.34 mg/g. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption involved a chemical process, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. The kinetic study showed that the second-order model gives a better description of the kinetics of the adsorption reaction. The study of the adsorption of triterpene extract by kaolinite can be used for a powdery formulation of insecticide.","PeriodicalId":337881,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129584373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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