Information-communication technologies are one of the basic characteristics of modern society. The great needs of the today's economy and society for better and efficient products and services have caused continuous development of the technological sector. In that manner, artificial intelligence is one of the most significant phenomena in this sector. Artificial intelligence could be described as possibility of computer programs to replace human intelligence and work in many activities. The use of an artificial intelligence system has provided many benefits to people who no longer have to go to a bank or a store, can organize meetings online and conduct conversations digitally, etc. However, new technologies also carry many risks to rights and freedoms, such as the right to privacy, the right to protection of personal data, the right to liberty, etc. Having in mind the importance of artificial intelligence for modern society and future generations, the author has analysed the normative framework of artificial intelligence. The primary focus of the research is on the regulation of artificial intelligence in comparative law. For that purpose, the author used the strategic documents of the EU, USA and Peoples Republic of China, as a leader in the fields of artificial intelligence. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of future research on artificial intelligence in various legal fields, which will inevitably meet new technological phenomena.
{"title":"Strategic-legal framework of artificial intelligence in comparative law","authors":"Stefan Andonović","doi":"10.5937/spz64-28166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/spz64-28166","url":null,"abstract":"Information-communication technologies are one of the basic characteristics of modern society. The great needs of the today's economy and society for better and efficient products and services have caused continuous development of the technological sector. In that manner, artificial intelligence is one of the most significant phenomena in this sector. Artificial intelligence could be described as possibility of computer programs to replace human intelligence and work in many activities. The use of an artificial intelligence system has provided many benefits to people who no longer have to go to a bank or a store, can organize meetings online and conduct conversations digitally, etc. However, new technologies also carry many risks to rights and freedoms, such as the right to privacy, the right to protection of personal data, the right to liberty, etc. Having in mind the importance of artificial intelligence for modern society and future generations, the author has analysed the normative framework of artificial intelligence. The primary focus of the research is on the regulation of artificial intelligence in comparative law. For that purpose, the author used the strategic documents of the EU, USA and Peoples Republic of China, as a leader in the fields of artificial intelligence. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of future research on artificial intelligence in various legal fields, which will inevitably meet new technological phenomena.","PeriodicalId":33817,"journal":{"name":"Strani pravni zivot","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motor third party vehicle insurance (MTPL insurance) is important for all EU citizens, both for insurance contractors and injured parties (so-called third parties), as it affects the free movement of people and vehicles. So one of the key objectives of EU is to strengthen and consolidate internal markets in the area of MTPL insurance, with the aim of guaranteeing that injured parties have comparable treatment no matter where in the EU the accident occurred. In this “context” of comparable treatment, one should certainly understand the meaning of the notion “vehicle in use” in terms of MTPL insurance, where, given that it is an autonomous term of EU law, its interpretation cannot be left to the national courts of the Member States but to the one who is competent, and that is Court of Justice of European Union (CJEU). The interpretation of the notion “vehicle in use” in the sense of Union law - the MTPL insurance Directives, the CJEU has so far made several decisions. The decisions are guided by the general principles of interpretation of Union law i.e. according to which a certain term of European law should be interpreted in the light of the EU objectives (teleological method), and in relation to the other articles of the Treaty on functioning of the EU (contextual method), keeping track with the degree of development of the Union, or the change of circumstances (the method of evolutionary interpretation). What is important to note is that in interpreting the notion “vehicle in use”, the CJEU did not opt for a single “closed” (definitive/unique) definition of the notion “vehicle in use”, but instead opted for one “open” (constructive) definition, which depends on the circumstances of each particular case. It is clear that following EU law and the CJEU case law requires an appropriate approach by national judiciary, where until now there has not been a general consensus on what is considered “vehicle in use” in terms of MTPL insurance.
{"title":"Croquis of the notion \"vehicle in use\" in MTPL insurance: Through the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union","authors":"B. Matijević","doi":"10.5937/spz63-23545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/spz63-23545","url":null,"abstract":"Motor third party vehicle insurance (MTPL insurance) is important for all EU citizens, both for insurance contractors and injured parties (so-called third parties), as it affects the free movement of people and vehicles. So one of the key objectives of EU is to strengthen and consolidate internal markets in the area of MTPL insurance, with the aim of guaranteeing that injured parties have comparable treatment no matter where in the EU the accident occurred. In this “context” of comparable treatment, one should certainly understand the meaning of the notion “vehicle in use” in terms of MTPL insurance, where, given that it is an autonomous term of EU law, its interpretation cannot be left to the national courts of the Member States but to the one who is competent, and that is Court of Justice of European Union (CJEU). The interpretation of the notion “vehicle in use” in the sense of Union law - the MTPL insurance Directives, the CJEU has so far made several decisions. The decisions are guided by the general principles of interpretation of Union law i.e. according to which a certain term of European law should be interpreted in the light of the EU objectives (teleological method), and in relation to the other articles of the Treaty on functioning of the EU (contextual method), keeping track with the degree of development of the Union, or the change of circumstances (the method of evolutionary interpretation). \u0000What is important to note is that in interpreting the notion “vehicle in use”, the CJEU did not opt for a single “closed” (definitive/unique) definition of the notion “vehicle in use”, but instead opted for one “open” (constructive) definition, which depends on the circumstances of each particular case. \u0000It is clear that following EU law and the CJEU case law requires an appropriate approach by national judiciary, where until now there has not been a general consensus on what is considered “vehicle in use” in terms of MTPL insurance.","PeriodicalId":33817,"journal":{"name":"Strani pravni zivot","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46025745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U radu se analizira pojam faktickog rada, njegovi pojavni oblici, sa osvrtom na okolnosti koje uticu na njegov nastanak. Takođe sagledani su standardi, principi i usmerenja Međunarodne organizacije rada kada je u pitanju inspekcijski nadzor, odnosno sagledan je međunarodni okvir sprovođenja inspekcijskog nadzora i reference koje on daje kao osnovu za suzbijanje faktickog rada. Polazeci od razmatranja aktuelnog stanja u inspekciji rada, te uspostavljenih standarda Međunarodne organizacije rada u pogledu delovanja inspekcije rada, kao i dijapazona raspoloživih zakonskih mogucnosti usmerenih na suzbijanje faktickog rada, ukazuje se da ce predloženi nacin organizacione, kadrovske i tehnicke promene u samom organu doprineti suzbijanju posmatrane drustvene pojave.
在作品中分析了实际作品的概念及其外观，以期了解影响其诞生的环境。国际劳工组织在检查监督领域的标准、原则和指示也分别受到实施检查监督的国际框架的尊重，并作为消除实际工作的基础提供参考。Polazeci od razmatranja aktuelnog stanja u inspekcije rada，te uspostavljenih standarda MeÇunarodne organizacije rada u pogledu delovanja inspekczije radda，kao i dijapazona raspoloživih zakonskih mogucnosti usmerenih na suzbijanje faktikog rada，ukazuje se da ce predloženi nacin organizacione，kadrovske i tehnicke promene u samom organization doprineti suzbiganje posmatrane drustvene pojave。
{"title":"Inspection supervision as an instrument to fight against undeclared work in domestic and International law","authors":"Sanja Z. Lipovčić","doi":"10.5937/spz63-22550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/spz63-22550","url":null,"abstract":"U radu se analizira pojam faktickog rada, njegovi pojavni oblici, sa osvrtom na okolnosti koje uticu na njegov nastanak. Takođe sagledani su standardi, principi i usmerenja Međunarodne organizacije rada kada je u pitanju inspekcijski nadzor, odnosno sagledan je međunarodni okvir sprovođenja inspekcijskog nadzora i reference koje on daje kao osnovu za suzbijanje faktickog rada. Polazeci od razmatranja aktuelnog stanja u inspekciji rada, te uspostavljenih standarda Međunarodne organizacije rada u pogledu delovanja inspekcije rada, kao i dijapazona raspoloživih zakonskih mogucnosti usmerenih na suzbijanje faktickog rada, ukazuje se da ce predloženi nacin organizacione, kadrovske i tehnicke promene u samom organu doprineti suzbijanju posmatrane drustvene pojave.","PeriodicalId":33817,"journal":{"name":"Strani pravni zivot","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42451240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rad se odnosi na analizu nekih u dosadasnjoj raspravi iznetih predloga resenja za status Kosova i Metohije. Među tim mnogobrojnim predlozima jedan broj je onih koji se zasnivaju na vec postojecim resenjima u nekim drugim državama tako da se ona iskoriste kao model za status Kosova i Metohije. U analizi su vec postojeca resenja podelјena na grupu resenja koja ne sadrže savremeni realno potreban stepen samostalnosti jedne teritorijalno-politicke zajednice, na grupu resenja u vezi s kojima postoje rasirene zabune i zablude o njihovoj sustini i na tri resenja koja, po oceni pisca, imaju kapacitet da budu koriscena kao iskustvo i model – Severna Irska, Hongkong i Makao. Iako ova tri resenja nisu uporednopravni novitet, nepoznata su siroj, narocito laickoj javnosti, njihova vrednost je izuzetno velika,ne samo zbog potencijalno pozitivnog uticaja na resenje statusa Kosova i Metohije vec i za teoriju ustavnog prava jer su se odvojila od njenih klasicnih i konvencionalnih postavki zasnovanih na isklјucivosti i jasnom razgranicenju kategorija.
{"title":"On certain models for the resolution of the status of Kosovo and Metohija","authors":"M Vladan Kutlešić","doi":"10.5937/SPZ63-22627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/SPZ63-22627","url":null,"abstract":"Rad se odnosi na analizu nekih u dosadasnjoj raspravi iznetih predloga resenja za status Kosova i Metohije. Među tim mnogobrojnim predlozima jedan broj je onih koji se zasnivaju na vec postojecim resenjima u nekim drugim državama tako da se ona iskoriste kao model za status Kosova i Metohije. U analizi su vec postojeca resenja podelјena na grupu resenja koja ne sadrže savremeni realno potreban stepen samostalnosti jedne teritorijalno-politicke zajednice, na grupu resenja u vezi s kojima postoje rasirene zabune i zablude o njihovoj sustini i na tri resenja koja, po oceni pisca, imaju kapacitet da budu koriscena kao iskustvo i model – Severna Irska, Hongkong i Makao. Iako ova tri resenja nisu uporednopravni novitet, nepoznata su siroj, narocito laickoj javnosti, njihova vrednost je izuzetno velika,ne samo zbog potencijalno pozitivnog uticaja na resenje statusa Kosova i Metohije vec i za teoriju ustavnog prava jer su se odvojila od njenih klasicnih i konvencionalnih postavki zasnovanih na isklјucivosti i jasnom razgranicenju kategorija.","PeriodicalId":33817,"journal":{"name":"Strani pravni zivot","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41375771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fiduciary transfer of ownership: One or more ownerships?","authors":"Aleksa Radonjić Lj.","doi":"10.5937/SPZ63-20473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/SPZ63-20473","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33817,"journal":{"name":"Strani pravni zivot","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71080949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Judical control of subordinate legislation in England","authors":"Danilo Stevandić","doi":"10.5937/SPZ63-21935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/SPZ63-21935","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33817,"journal":{"name":"Strani pravni zivot","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Criminal law aspects of stalking: Controversial issues and possible de lege ferenda amendments","authors":"V. Paunović","doi":"10.5937/SPZ63-20666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/SPZ63-20666","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33817,"journal":{"name":"Strani pravni zivot","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The risk of work injury, as well as the risk of occupational disease, now traditionally, have preferential treatment when it comes to the matter of compensation which has not always been the case and which is being challenged by some even nowadays. The aim of this research is to present an overview of different systems of compensation when it comes to these risks, as well as to give an idea of their positive and negative characteristics. This due to the fact that it is a matter of great importance for the employees and for the employers alike. The conclusion is that it is not easy to form a decisive stand on which of the elaborated systems is better, as they all have advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, the state in question that is its legislature, should make balance of interests of employees and employers its main goal while addressing this matter in order for social peace and social justice to be acquired.
{"title":"Compensation of work injuries and occupational diseases: A comparative approach","authors":"D. Petrović","doi":"10.5937/spz63-24009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/spz63-24009","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of work injury, as well as the risk of occupational disease, now traditionally, have preferential treatment when it comes to the matter of compensation which has not always been the case and which is being challenged by some even nowadays. The aim of this research is to present an overview of different systems of compensation when it comes to these risks, as well as to give an idea of their positive and negative characteristics. This due to the fact that it is a matter of great importance for the employees and for the employers alike. The conclusion is that it is not easy to form a decisive stand on which of the elaborated systems is better, as they all have advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, the state in question that is its legislature, should make balance of interests of employees and employers its main goal while addressing this matter in order for social peace and social justice to be acquired.","PeriodicalId":33817,"journal":{"name":"Strani pravni zivot","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phenomenon of refurbished ethnic nationalism, which, in the republics of former Yugoslavia, had started already in the late eighties and early nineties, have undoubtedly had devastating consequences for numerous citizens of all successor states. The armed conflicts in the 90-ies have been fuelled by the discourse based on excessive self-victimisation, highly mediatised revival of frustrations originating from the First and the Second World and nationalistic myths. In spite of the fact that the last two decades have brought relatively peaceful coexistence, the global economic crisis and new vague of migrations from Middle East and Africa have caused the revival of the nationalistic discourse all over Europe, including the countries of former Yugoslavia. However, all ex-Yugoslav countries share an important legal, political and cultural heritage, while, during at least last twenty years, the perspective (or realization) of the membership in the EU have certainly had certain calming effects on inter-ethnic relations in the entire region now often referred to as the Western Balkans. One of the important vectors of influence that the EU has – both on its member states and on candidates for membership – is the process of harmonisation of national legislations with the EU acquis. Notwithstanding the fact that the effect of this process on nationalistic discourse and hatred that it generates are mainly meta-legal and indirect, it is beyond any doubt that the EU’s political agenda and its legal and economic system can give significant incentive to the reduction of interethnic tensions. The ambition of this article is to demonstrate the results in this process, the obstacles that are still on its way, as well as to propose some solutions.
{"title":"Membership in the EU and nationalistic discourse in the Western Balkans: Legal aspects","authors":"Uros Cemalovic","doi":"10.5937/spz63-23006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/spz63-23006","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of refurbished ethnic nationalism, which, in the republics of former Yugoslavia, had started already in the late eighties and early nineties, have undoubtedly had devastating consequences for numerous citizens of all successor states. The armed conflicts in the 90-ies have been fuelled by the discourse based on excessive self-victimisation, highly mediatised revival of frustrations originating from the First and the Second World and nationalistic myths. In spite of the fact that the last two decades have brought relatively peaceful coexistence, the global economic crisis and new vague of migrations from Middle East and Africa have caused the revival of the nationalistic discourse all over Europe, including the countries of former Yugoslavia. However, all ex-Yugoslav countries share an important legal, political and cultural heritage, while, during at least last twenty years, the perspective (or realization) of the membership in the EU have certainly had certain calming effects on inter-ethnic relations in the entire region now often referred to as the Western Balkans. One of the important vectors of influence that the EU has – both on its member states and on candidates for membership – is the process of harmonisation of national legislations with the EU acquis. Notwithstanding the fact that the effect of this process on nationalistic discourse and hatred that it generates are mainly meta-legal and indirect, it is beyond any doubt that the EU’s political agenda and its legal and economic system can give significant incentive to the reduction of interethnic tensions. The ambition of this article is to demonstrate the results in this process, the obstacles that are still on its way, as well as to propose some solutions.","PeriodicalId":33817,"journal":{"name":"Strani pravni zivot","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The rights of victims of crimes in the Netherlands","authors":"N. Mrvić-Petrović","doi":"10.5937/SPZ63-22126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/SPZ63-22126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33817,"journal":{"name":"Strani pravni zivot","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71081338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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