{"title":"Technocratic Regime Building","authors":"Maurizio Bach","doi":"10.4324/9781315483573-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315483573-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338704,"journal":{"name":"Toward a European Nation?","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124315143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.4324/9781315483573-14
Max Haller
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"Max Haller","doi":"10.4324/9781315483573-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315483573-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338704,"journal":{"name":"Toward a European Nation?","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124498636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postcommunist Transition to Democracy","authors":"W. Wesołowski","doi":"10.4324/9781315483573-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315483573-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338704,"journal":{"name":"Toward a European Nation?","volume":"14 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132507806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integration and Disintegration Models","authors":"J. Musil","doi":"10.4324/9781315483573-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315483573-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338704,"journal":{"name":"Toward a European Nation?","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130178444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.4324/9781315483573-12
Attila Eralp
{"title":"Turkey and the European Community","authors":"Attila Eralp","doi":"10.4324/9781315483573-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315483573-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338704,"journal":{"name":"Toward a European Nation?","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134564063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
danger that the minister's position might lead to the population of the Netherlands gradually acquiring a cultural elite which would no longer primarily use the language of the land? The minister attempted to calm the commotion by pointing out that he had no wish to introduce English as an official language or as the only official language in the universities of the Netherlands. He also believed that the use of a foreign language must not be allowed to lead to the loss of the national language. Subsequently, the topic of 'English in the Dutch universities' was subjected to extensive criticism in all the daily and weekly newspapers. Most commentators found it a ridiculous idea. After an enquiry into the question by an official committee, the Lower House decided to make use of the Dutch language a legal obligation in Dutch education. However, there remains the question of how far educational policy directs the extent to which education in the Netherlands becomes internationalised. It is
{"title":"The Causes of Growth of English Education in the Netherlands","authors":"J. Dronkers","doi":"10.2307/1503760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1503760","url":null,"abstract":"danger that the minister's position might lead to the population of the Netherlands gradually acquiring a cultural elite which would no longer primarily use the language of the land? The minister attempted to calm the commotion by pointing out that he had no wish to introduce English as an official language or as the only official language in the universities of the Netherlands. He also believed that the use of a foreign language must not be allowed to lead to the loss of the national language. Subsequently, the topic of 'English in the Dutch universities' was subjected to extensive criticism in all the daily and weekly newspapers. Most commentators found it a ridiculous idea. After an enquiry into the question by an official committee, the Lower House decided to make use of the Dutch language a legal obligation in Dutch education. However, there remains the question of how far educational policy directs the extent to which education in the Netherlands becomes internationalised. It is","PeriodicalId":338704,"journal":{"name":"Toward a European Nation?","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128163057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-01DOI: 10.1080/15579336.1994.11770084
I. Bernik
had to adapt to the new situation by redirecting their attention to the emergence of postsocialist societies. It seems that in many cases they have almost been too eager to take into account new research problems and to forget the old ones; many of the analy ses of the emerging postsocialist societies pay no attention to the "outdated" discussions of the developmental perspectives of so cialist societies. This amnesia suggests that both the analytical tools applied in analyses of socialist societies and the results of these analyses have no immediate relevance for understanding the emergence of the postsocialist societies. The social sciences that are studying the emerging postsocialist societies obviously face the same general problem as do the societies themselves they have to begin, in many respects, from scratch. This essay tries to question some aspects of the above-men tioned assumptions. It will try to show that the accumulated knowledge about socialist societies represents a stimulative start ing point for the analysis of the emergent postsocialist societies. This approach by no means implies that there exists a continuity between both types of society; my claim is that by focusing on the substratum on which the new societies grow, both continui ties and discontinuities can be highlighted. That is why, in the first part of the essay, some basic characteristics of socialist soci eties and the prevailing assumptions regarding their developmen 45
{"title":"Politics and Society in Postsocialism","authors":"I. Bernik","doi":"10.1080/15579336.1994.11770084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15579336.1994.11770084","url":null,"abstract":"had to adapt to the new situation by redirecting their attention to the emergence of postsocialist societies. It seems that in many cases they have almost been too eager to take into account new research problems and to forget the old ones; many of the analy ses of the emerging postsocialist societies pay no attention to the \"outdated\" discussions of the developmental perspectives of so cialist societies. This amnesia suggests that both the analytical tools applied in analyses of socialist societies and the results of these analyses have no immediate relevance for understanding the emergence of the postsocialist societies. The social sciences that are studying the emerging postsocialist societies obviously face the same general problem as do the societies themselves they have to begin, in many respects, from scratch. This essay tries to question some aspects of the above-men tioned assumptions. It will try to show that the accumulated knowledge about socialist societies represents a stimulative start ing point for the analysis of the emergent postsocialist societies. This approach by no means implies that there exists a continuity between both types of society; my claim is that by focusing on the substratum on which the new societies grow, both continui ties and discontinuities can be highlighted. That is why, in the first part of the essay, some basic characteristics of socialist soci eties and the prevailing assumptions regarding their developmen 45","PeriodicalId":338704,"journal":{"name":"Toward a European Nation?","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115355852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-01DOI: 10.1080/15579336.1994.11770089
J. Galtung
In both senses of "conceiving"; laying the basis for its birth, and coming to terms with the idea in the double sense of explicating its meaning and getting used to the idea of supernationalism, not only nationalism and subnationalism. Nationalism is a state of the individual and collective mind, usually subconscious, retrievable on occasion by leaders and oth ers, calling for identification with say, Britain, France, or Spain (or, more precisely, with what elites of those countries may be up to). So is supernationalism, which differs from nationalism only by relating to a larger, supernational entity usually thought of as a federation or a superstate, such as the European Union that is now emerging from the confederal European Community. So is subnationalism, which identifies with subnational entities such as Wales, Corsica, or Catalonia. The object of identification is a national, a cultural entity, the sum total of language, religion, shared myths of traumas and glories; and the people who are the carriers of the culture in space and through time. The nation-state doctrine concretizes further, identifying with territory, demand ing coincidence between territorial and cultural borders. At the very center are institutions such as the state, and personifications: emperor, king, president, and so on. Above nationalism has been linked to culture. As such it em bodies assumptions about reality; some of them, heavily value loaded. As all nationalisms are cultures but not all cultures are
{"title":"The Emerging European Supernationalism","authors":"J. Galtung","doi":"10.1080/15579336.1994.11770089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15579336.1994.11770089","url":null,"abstract":"In both senses of \"conceiving\"; laying the basis for its birth, and coming to terms with the idea in the double sense of explicating its meaning and getting used to the idea of supernationalism, not only nationalism and subnationalism. Nationalism is a state of the individual and collective mind, usually subconscious, retrievable on occasion by leaders and oth ers, calling for identification with say, Britain, France, or Spain (or, more precisely, with what elites of those countries may be up to). So is supernationalism, which differs from nationalism only by relating to a larger, supernational entity usually thought of as a federation or a superstate, such as the European Union that is now emerging from the confederal European Community. So is subnationalism, which identifies with subnational entities such as Wales, Corsica, or Catalonia. The object of identification is a national, a cultural entity, the sum total of language, religion, shared myths of traumas and glories; and the people who are the carriers of the culture in space and through time. The nation-state doctrine concretizes further, identifying with territory, demand ing coincidence between territorial and cultural borders. At the very center are institutions such as the state, and personifications: emperor, king, president, and so on. Above nationalism has been linked to culture. As such it em bodies assumptions about reality; some of them, heavily value loaded. As all nationalisms are cultures but not all cultures are","PeriodicalId":338704,"journal":{"name":"Toward a European Nation?","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117195637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-01DOI: 10.1080/15579336.1994.11770086
P. Ester, L. Halman
{"title":"Empirical Trends in Religious and Moral Beliefs in Western Europe","authors":"P. Ester, L. Halman","doi":"10.1080/15579336.1994.11770086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15579336.1994.11770086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338704,"journal":{"name":"Toward a European Nation?","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126288024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Significance of the Ethnoreligious Field in Nation-building","authors":"D. Schnapper, R. Greaves","doi":"10.1080/15579336.1994.11770085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15579336.1994.11770085","url":null,"abstract":"(1994). The Significance of the Ethnoreligious Field in Nation-building. International Journal of Sociology: Vol. 24, No. 2-3, pp. 61-80.","PeriodicalId":338704,"journal":{"name":"Toward a European Nation?","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115562230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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