The complexity of economic activities in the conditions of the market economy, determines the increase in the role of economic-financial information for the purpose of adopting decisions within the entities. Thus, the importance of accounting has increased significantly in the last decades, the decision-making process representing one of the most important activities of the entity. This paper aims to argue the relevance of cost information in the decision-making process at the entity level, based on the theoretical and qualitative approach, as well as the methods inherent in the research, bibliographic, bibliometric analysis, the method of comparison, synthesis and others. Likewise, based on the bibliometric analysis, research trends and directions were highlighted in relation to the issue studied at the national level, repeatedly demonstrating the relevance and importance of the studied theme.
{"title":"The interdependence of cost-type accounting information and the decision-making process","authors":"Catalina Barac","doi":"10.53486/issc2023.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.08","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of economic activities in the conditions of the market economy, determines the increase in the role of economic-financial information for the purpose of adopting decisions within the entities. Thus, the importance of accounting has increased significantly in the last decades, the decision-making process representing one of the most important activities of the entity. This paper aims to argue the relevance of cost information in the decision-making process at the entity level, based on the theoretical and qualitative approach, as well as the methods inherent in the research, bibliographic, bibliometric analysis, the method of comparison, synthesis and others. Likewise, based on the bibliometric analysis, research trends and directions were highlighted in relation to the issue studied at the national level, repeatedly demonstrating the relevance and importance of the studied theme.","PeriodicalId":338840,"journal":{"name":"Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători, editia VII","volume":"38 Suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129865969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The United Kingdom is the country where accounting is based on features such as simplicity and freedom of professional judgment. This assignment presents what are the features of british accounting is based on insignificant state participation in the accounting regulation, the orientation of financial information towards the needs of large anonymous companies, the regulation and evolution of accounting principles through the effort of a strong liberal profession, the need to fulfill the Accounts Control missions, public relations in the services provided by audit firms. The British industrial revolution left its mark on the evolution of the accounting system. In this article, the subject of the peculiarities of accounting in Great Britain was touched upon. As well as the companies that participate in the monitoring of this process as well as in the regulation of accounting principles. We will also follow the emergence of this powerful system that is watched and studied around the world. Also the connection with the tax system, depreciation, the accounting profession will be present and we will decipher as little as possible their importance in the development of accounting.
{"title":"Features organizing records in the UK","authors":"Daniela Cerbari","doi":"10.53486/issc2023.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.55","url":null,"abstract":"The United Kingdom is the country where accounting is based on features such as simplicity and freedom of professional judgment. This assignment presents what are the features of british accounting is based on insignificant state participation in the accounting regulation, the orientation of financial information towards the needs of large anonymous companies, the regulation and evolution of accounting principles through the effort of a strong liberal profession, the need to fulfill the Accounts Control missions, public relations in the services provided by audit firms. The British industrial revolution left its mark on the evolution of the accounting system. In this article, the subject of the peculiarities of accounting in Great Britain was touched upon. As well as the companies that participate in the monitoring of this process as well as in the regulation of accounting principles. We will also follow the emergence of this powerful system that is watched and studied around the world. Also the connection with the tax system, depreciation, the accounting profession will be present and we will decipher as little as possible their importance in the development of accounting.","PeriodicalId":338840,"journal":{"name":"Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători, editia VII","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131655739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the most frequent errors that occur during the financial diagnostic process. The study begins by discussing the importance of financial diagnostic and its necessity in the current economic climate. The research methodology employed in the study is then presented. The errors that are most commonly found in the diagnostic process are also discussed, including issues related to accounting principles and financial reporting. Additionally, the article examines the boundary between fraud and error, highlighting the need for increased vigilance in detecting financial improprieties. Finally, the article offers some practical recommendations for avoiding errors during the financial diagnostic process. The findings of this study are relevant to financial analysts, auditors, and managers who are involved in the diagnostic process and can serve as a guide to help them identify and mitigate potential errors.
{"title":"The most common errors in the financial diagnostic process","authors":"Ana Nicolaescu","doi":"10.53486/issc2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the most frequent errors that occur during the financial diagnostic process. The study begins by discussing the importance of financial diagnostic and its necessity in the current economic climate. The research methodology employed in the study is then presented. The errors that are most commonly found in the diagnostic process are also discussed, including issues related to accounting principles and financial reporting. Additionally, the article examines the boundary between fraud and error, highlighting the need for increased vigilance in detecting financial improprieties. Finally, the article offers some practical recommendations for avoiding errors during the financial diagnostic process. The findings of this study are relevant to financial analysts, auditors, and managers who are involved in the diagnostic process and can serve as a guide to help them identify and mitigate potential errors.","PeriodicalId":338840,"journal":{"name":"Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători, editia VII","volume":"2397 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130617025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The activity of any entity involves the concentration of a large part of financial resources in stocks, the evaluation of which can improve the efficiency of management, which is the most important task in the development of a business. A correct assessment of stocks will allow to control their safety and rational use. In this article, various aspects inherent in stock assessment are examined with the presentation of problematic situations and highlighting of recommendations.
{"title":"Accounting aspects regarding stock valuation","authors":"Ana Maria Tugulschi","doi":"10.53486/issc2023.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.48","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of any entity involves the concentration of a large part of financial resources in stocks, the evaluation of which can improve the efficiency of management, which is the most important task in the development of a business. A correct assessment of stocks will allow to control their safety and rational use. In this article, various aspects inherent in stock assessment are examined with the presentation of problematic situations and highlighting of recommendations.","PeriodicalId":338840,"journal":{"name":"Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători, editia VII","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129423335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Countries seeking to attract foreign direct investment (FDI), including Romania, use various instruments to influence the allocation decision of foreign investors, including tax incentives. However, the effects associated with the provision of these incentives are often questioned, particularly in the light of the need to achieve at least a minimum level of business attractiveness. The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of GDP, the strict tax burden and the corruption control indicator on FDI. Three objectives were set to achieve this goal: objective 1 - review of the literature covering FDI and fiscal pressure; objective 2 - calculation of the strict-line fiscal pressure in Romania for the period 2012-2021, as well as identification of the corruption control indicator; objective 3 - econometric analysis of the results of the calculations, as well as GDP and the corruption control indicator on FDI. The research findings may draw the attention of state institutions to the effects of the country's tax system on FDI, as well as future investors interested in conducting economic activities on the territory of Romania.
{"title":"Analysis of the relationship between the tax burden rate and the level of foreign direct investment in Romania","authors":"Ioana Andrioaia, Ciprian Mihai","doi":"10.53486/issc2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"Countries seeking to attract foreign direct investment (FDI), including Romania, use various instruments to influence the allocation decision of foreign investors, including tax incentives. However, the effects associated with the provision of these incentives are often questioned, particularly in the light of the need to achieve at least a minimum level of business attractiveness. The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of GDP, the strict tax burden and the corruption control indicator on FDI. Three objectives were set to achieve this goal: objective 1 - review of the literature covering FDI and fiscal pressure; objective 2 - calculation of the strict-line fiscal pressure in Romania for the period 2012-2021, as well as identification of the corruption control indicator; objective 3 - econometric analysis of the results of the calculations, as well as GDP and the corruption control indicator on FDI. The research findings may draw the attention of state institutions to the effects of the country's tax system on FDI, as well as future investors interested in conducting economic activities on the territory of Romania.","PeriodicalId":338840,"journal":{"name":"Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători, editia VII","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133636097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents similarities and differences in the valuation of fixed assets according to international financial reporting standards and national accounting standards of the Republic of Moldova. The research compares the definition of fixed assets, their classification, the initial and subsequent evaluation. There is also a description of the approaches proposed by international standards in the assessment of discounted value. At the end of the study, were drawn conclusions and were proposed solutions related to the use of discounting in the national practice.
{"title":"Valuation of fixed assets: a comparative analysis of the provisions of NAS and IFRS","authors":"Tatiana Colesnic, Xenia Strateva","doi":"10.53486/issc2023.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.62","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents similarities and differences in the valuation of fixed assets according to international financial reporting standards and national accounting standards of the Republic of Moldova. The research compares the definition of fixed assets, their classification, the initial and subsequent evaluation. There is also a description of the approaches proposed by international standards in the assessment of discounted value. At the end of the study, were drawn conclusions and were proposed solutions related to the use of discounting in the national practice.","PeriodicalId":338840,"journal":{"name":"Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători, editia VII","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130256208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The actuality of the theme comes from the importance of financial statements that present the position and financial performance of the entity at the end of the management period. The balance sheet representing a specific procedure of the accounting method that reflects the double representation of the state and movement of the entity's assets. The balance sheet is the main source of information for internal and external users of the enterprise. It evaluates the value and structure of the company's assets, the degree of indebtedness of the company, the ability to pay, the liquidity ratios, the financial result and many other indicators necessary for making managerial decisions.
{"title":"The balance sheet – support for the analysis of the financial position","authors":"Irina Brighidin","doi":"10.53486/issc2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"The actuality of the theme comes from the importance of financial statements that present the position and financial performance of the entity at the end of the management period. The balance sheet representing a specific procedure of the accounting method that reflects the double representation of the state and movement of the entity's assets. The balance sheet is the main source of information for internal and external users of the enterprise. It evaluates the value and structure of the company's assets, the degree of indebtedness of the company, the ability to pay, the liquidity ratios, the financial result and many other indicators necessary for making managerial decisions.","PeriodicalId":338840,"journal":{"name":"Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători, editia VII","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121857250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raportarea ESG este un aspect inovator care oferă organizațiilor oportunitatea de a identifica, evalua și gestiona riscuri precum schimbările climatice, drepturile omului și practicile slabe de guvernare, pentru a se proteja de viabilitatea și reziliența pe termen lung. Mai mult, ESG este o modalitate reală de a atrage și reține clienți, angajați și, precum și alte părți interesate. Am selectat o serie de surse, cum ar fi link-uri, cărți și unele rapoarte financiare pentru a dezvolta conceptul de ESG în acest raport. Pentru a adăuga, metodologia noastră constă în analiză conceptuală, legislativă, comparativă atât a practicii naționale, cât și internaționale. Vom începe cu descrierea celor trei piloni principali, astfel încât literele care reprezintă ESG vor clarifica și argumenta numele acestuia. În cele din urmă, am ajuns să înțelegem avantajele noțiunii și nevoia acesteia pentru viitorul companiilor. Entitățile trebuie să fie în continuă dezvoltare pentru a exista pe piață și pentru a supraviețui expunerii la risc.
{"title":"Environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting","authors":"Cezara Pavelescu, Daniela Panus, Ilia Neagu","doi":"10.53486/issc2023.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.57","url":null,"abstract":"Raportarea ESG este un aspect inovator care oferă organizațiilor oportunitatea de a identifica, evalua și gestiona riscuri precum schimbările climatice, drepturile omului și practicile slabe de guvernare, pentru a se proteja de viabilitatea și reziliența pe termen lung. Mai mult, ESG este o modalitate reală de a atrage și reține clienți, angajați și, precum și alte părți interesate. Am selectat o serie de surse, cum ar fi link-uri, cărți și unele rapoarte financiare pentru a dezvolta conceptul de ESG în acest raport. Pentru a adăuga, metodologia noastră constă în analiză conceptuală, legislativă, comparativă atât a practicii naționale, cât și internaționale. Vom începe cu descrierea celor trei piloni principali, astfel încât literele care reprezintă ESG vor clarifica și argumenta numele acestuia. În cele din urmă, am ajuns să înțelegem avantajele noțiunii și nevoia acesteia pentru viitorul companiilor. Entitățile trebuie să fie în continuă dezvoltare pentru a exista pe piață și pentru a supraviețui expunerii la risc.","PeriodicalId":338840,"journal":{"name":"Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători, editia VII","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123421482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the phenomenon of modification of accounting documents can be observed. Data transformation often has serious legal consequences, but at the same time it can be acceptable and legal. The article introduces the concept of creative and aggressive accounting and shows the consequences of aggressive accounting on the example of Enron.
{"title":"Creative and Aggressive Accounting","authors":"Ewa Piecek","doi":"10.53486/issc2023.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.34","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the phenomenon of modification of accounting documents can be observed. Data transformation often has serious legal consequences, but at the same time it can be acceptable and legal. The article introduces the concept of creative and aggressive accounting and shows the consequences of aggressive accounting on the example of Enron.","PeriodicalId":338840,"journal":{"name":"Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători, editia VII","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114376314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taking into account the fact that the activity of an enterprise is indispensable for the existence of asset elements within its patrimonial structure, occupying an extremely important place, being those elements that attract the other constituent components of the entity's patrimony (debts and equity), thus determining important the identification methods of evaluating the entity through the approach based on these elements, and how this evaluation can influence the liquidity and solvency of the entity. Thus, in this article we propose to present, from a theoretical point of view, the main asset-based valuation methods that an appraiser can apply, depending on the two premises regarding the continuation or cessation of an entity's activity, represented by the asset method corrected net and the liquidation net asset method, we will also exemplify through a case study, the practical application of the first method, which is based on the continuity of the company's activities and we will resort to the application of some economic-financial indicators to study how the assessment of assets of the entity, following the application of this evaluation method may influence the liquidity and solvency of the entity.
{"title":"The methods of evaluation of the company according to the assets-based approach","authors":"Adelin-Nicolae Mateș, Cristian-Remus Jurj","doi":"10.53486/issc2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account the fact that the activity of an enterprise is indispensable for the existence of asset elements within its patrimonial structure, occupying an extremely important place, being those elements that attract the other constituent components of the entity's patrimony (debts and equity), thus determining important the identification methods of evaluating the entity through the approach based on these elements, and how this evaluation can influence the liquidity and solvency of the entity. Thus, in this article we propose to present, from a theoretical point of view, the main asset-based valuation methods that an appraiser can apply, depending on the two premises regarding the continuation or cessation of an entity's activity, represented by the asset method corrected net and the liquidation net asset method, we will also exemplify through a case study, the practical application of the first method, which is based on the continuity of the company's activities and we will resort to the application of some economic-financial indicators to study how the assessment of assets of the entity, following the application of this evaluation method may influence the liquidity and solvency of the entity.","PeriodicalId":338840,"journal":{"name":"Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători, editia VII","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115571492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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