Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059579
A. Umar, M. Leeson
Underwater optical wireless communications (UOWC) offers higher data rates, lower latency and high bandwidths for underwater communications. However, UOWC systems suffer from significant scattering and absorption introduced by the channel and may also be blocked by countless obstructions and obstacles under the water. Thus, in this paper, the characteristics of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) UOWC link with multiple scattering based on Monte Carlo simulation is considered. We address the channel response with different channel modulation schemes, include variation in the receiver field of view (FOV) and then proceed to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) and throughput of the system. In addition to a range of modulation methods, variation in the receiver bandwidth is also included. It is seen that distances over 80 meters are possible, providing BER values of 10−4 or better and throughput of 2.1 Mbps. This demonstrates that NLOS-UOWC offers a route to transmission at higher speeds than incumbent technologies in areas such as inshore environmental monitoring or oil exploration.
{"title":"Performance of Non-Line-of-Sight Underwater Optical Wireless Communications","authors":"A. Umar, M. Leeson","doi":"10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059579","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater optical wireless communications (UOWC) offers higher data rates, lower latency and high bandwidths for underwater communications. However, UOWC systems suffer from significant scattering and absorption introduced by the channel and may also be blocked by countless obstructions and obstacles under the water. Thus, in this paper, the characteristics of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) UOWC link with multiple scattering based on Monte Carlo simulation is considered. We address the channel response with different channel modulation schemes, include variation in the receiver field of view (FOV) and then proceed to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) and throughput of the system. In addition to a range of modulation methods, variation in the receiver bandwidth is also included. It is seen that distances over 80 meters are possible, providing BER values of 10−4 or better and throughput of 2.1 Mbps. This demonstrates that NLOS-UOWC offers a route to transmission at higher speeds than incumbent technologies in areas such as inshore environmental monitoring or oil exploration.","PeriodicalId":339012,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128306300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059591
T. Kowatari, T. Ishigure
In this paper, we investigate the fabrication conditions for a polymer waveguide type multiplexer in mode division multiplexing links applying the Mosquito method. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer shaped single-mode waveguide is fabricated and almost 100% light transition by mode coupling is observed at 1550 nm.
{"title":"Post Fabrication Permanent Laser Trimming of Silicon Nitride Photonic Devices","authors":"T. Kowatari, T. Ishigure","doi":"10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059591","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the fabrication conditions for a polymer waveguide type multiplexer in mode division multiplexing links applying the Mosquito method. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer shaped single-mode waveguide is fabricated and almost 100% light transition by mode coupling is observed at 1550 nm.","PeriodicalId":339012,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134296235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059595
Ning Jing, Chaitanya K. Mididoddi, Chao Wang
High-speed random bit sequences are crucially important in temporal compressive sensing applications. In this work, we propose a new all-optical binary random patterns generation method for compressive sensing, completely eliminating the use of high-speed electronic circuits. This approach uses photonic time stretched optical pulses as the optical carrier. Spectrum slicing using a tunable ring resonator produces a train of uniformly spaced optical pulses (bits) due to spectrum-to-time mapping in photonic time stretch. Two cascaded dispersive devices with particularly designed nonlinear dispersion profiles are employed to introduce random time delays among optical pulses, leading to a quasi-random binary sequence. The random sampling pulse sequence can be updated by changing the free-spectral range of the ring resonator. The proposed method is verified by numerical simulations. The photonic generated random pulse sequences are used in compressive sensing detection of high-frequency RF signals. In a proof-of-concept demonstration, one-tone and multi-tone microwave signals are successfully reconstructed from four-time compressed measurement data.
{"title":"Compressive Sensing Detection of RF Signals by All-Optically Generated Binary Random Patterns","authors":"Ning Jing, Chaitanya K. Mididoddi, Chao Wang","doi":"10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059595","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed random bit sequences are crucially important in temporal compressive sensing applications. In this work, we propose a new all-optical binary random patterns generation method for compressive sensing, completely eliminating the use of high-speed electronic circuits. This approach uses photonic time stretched optical pulses as the optical carrier. Spectrum slicing using a tunable ring resonator produces a train of uniformly spaced optical pulses (bits) due to spectrum-to-time mapping in photonic time stretch. Two cascaded dispersive devices with particularly designed nonlinear dispersion profiles are employed to introduce random time delays among optical pulses, leading to a quasi-random binary sequence. The random sampling pulse sequence can be updated by changing the free-spectral range of the ring resonator. The proposed method is verified by numerical simulations. The photonic generated random pulse sequences are used in compressive sensing detection of high-frequency RF signals. In a proof-of-concept demonstration, one-tone and multi-tone microwave signals are successfully reconstructed from four-time compressed measurement data.","PeriodicalId":339012,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132201970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059576
Eilidh Johnston, Anne-Marie Haughey, M. Scullion, A. Kanibolotsky, P. Skabara, N. Laurand
Work toward the utilisation of an organic laser as a bacterial growth detector is presented here. The sensor used is an optically excited 2nd order DFB (distributed feedback laser) made of oligofluorene truxene. In the drive towards a practical bacterial growth detector, temperature stability and the optimum growth conditions of bacteria are challenges to be overcome. The resultant DFB laser exhibits a sensitivity of 9 nm/RIU.
{"title":"Oligofluorene Truxene Laser Sensor: Towards Bacteria Growth Detection","authors":"Eilidh Johnston, Anne-Marie Haughey, M. Scullion, A. Kanibolotsky, P. Skabara, N. Laurand","doi":"10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059576","url":null,"abstract":"Work toward the utilisation of an organic laser as a bacterial growth detector is presented here. The sensor used is an optically excited 2nd order DFB (distributed feedback laser) made of oligofluorene truxene. In the drive towards a practical bacterial growth detector, temperature stability and the optimum growth conditions of bacteria are challenges to be overcome. The resultant DFB laser exhibits a sensitivity of 9 nm/RIU.","PeriodicalId":339012,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134473569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059582
Hue Thi Nguyen, K. Switkowski, R. Kasztelanic, A. Anuszkiewicz, A. Filipkowski, D. Pysz, R. Stępień, W. Krolikowski, R. Buczyński
We have developed a new optical vortex generator based on flat-surface nanostructured gradient index vortex phase plate (VPP) integrated with optical single mode fiber (SMF). The considered phase plate was constructed of set of designed discrete sub-wavelength rods made of two thermally matched glasses with high and low refractive indices. We used modified stack and draw technique to fabricate the nanostructured VPPs which exhibit the effective refractive index distribution changing azimuthally due to the effective medium theory. The optical performance of the fabricated systems was experimentally investigated. The obtained results showed good agreement with the theoretical prediction of vortex generations.
{"title":"Optical Vortex Generation by Nanostructured Vortex Phase Plates Integrated with Single-Mode Fibers","authors":"Hue Thi Nguyen, K. Switkowski, R. Kasztelanic, A. Anuszkiewicz, A. Filipkowski, D. Pysz, R. Stępień, W. Krolikowski, R. Buczyński","doi":"10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059582","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a new optical vortex generator based on flat-surface nanostructured gradient index vortex phase plate (VPP) integrated with optical single mode fiber (SMF). The considered phase plate was constructed of set of designed discrete sub-wavelength rods made of two thermally matched glasses with high and low refractive indices. We used modified stack and draw technique to fabricate the nanostructured VPPs which exhibit the effective refractive index distribution changing azimuthally due to the effective medium theory. The optical performance of the fabricated systems was experimentally investigated. The obtained results showed good agreement with the theoretical prediction of vortex generations.","PeriodicalId":339012,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115902804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059587
U. A. Korai, Alaine H. Bermello, M. Strain, I. Glesk, A. V. Velasco
We present a design for a temperature insensitive Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which temperature-compensating segment is achieved through tailored subwavelength gratings. By engineering the thermal response and the relative length of this segment, an overall temperature insensitivity below ±4pm/°K is predicted for 100nm bandwidth around 1550nm.
{"title":"Temperature Insensitive Waveguide Interferometer based on Subwavelength Gratings","authors":"U. A. Korai, Alaine H. Bermello, M. Strain, I. Glesk, A. V. Velasco","doi":"10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059587","url":null,"abstract":"We present a design for a temperature insensitive Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which temperature-compensating segment is achieved through tailored subwavelength gratings. By engineering the thermal response and the relative length of this segment, an overall temperature insensitivity below ±4pm/°K is predicted for 100nm bandwidth around 1550nm.","PeriodicalId":339012,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP)","volume":"342 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121900713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059567
P. Singaravelu, Sharon M. Butler, S. Hegarty, L. O’Faolain
The possibility of direct intensity modulation in hybrid photonic crystal laser is reported under single-mode operation via an external fabry-perot filter. 21 dB extinction ratio was achieved in the output power of the hybrid photonic crystal laser, corresponding to DC switch voltage of 0.35 V, while bias was applied to a PhC integrated with p-n junction, was achieved.
{"title":"Demonstration of Intensity Modulation in Hybrid Photonic Crystal Laser","authors":"P. Singaravelu, Sharon M. Butler, S. Hegarty, L. O’Faolain","doi":"10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059567","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of direct intensity modulation in hybrid photonic crystal laser is reported under single-mode operation via an external fabry-perot filter. 21 dB extinction ratio was achieved in the output power of the hybrid photonic crystal laser, corresponding to DC switch voltage of 0.35 V, while bias was applied to a PhC integrated with p-n junction, was achieved.","PeriodicalId":339012,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123073383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059580
Yousef Almadani, M. Ijaz, Sander Bastiaens, S. Rajbhandari, W. Joseph, D. Plets
In this paper, an experimental evaluation of the effect of multipath reflections on two 3D positioning algorithms is experimentally compared. The VLP algorithms use the received signal strength (RSS) for estimating the receiver‘s 3D position without prior knowledge of its height. An experimental overall median accuracy of 10.5 cm was achieved in a 4 × 4 × 4.1 m3 test area. The effect of multipath reflections was recreated using a storage shelf rack that is similar to the ones used in warehouses and was placed 26 cm away from the path. The results demonstrate the degrading effect of reflections on two and three-dimensional positioning systems. The reflection‘s effect was especially severe due to reflections from a metal beam. The achieved median errors using the two different algorithms were 7.5 and 6.6 cm before the addition of a shelf rack, and they increased to 11.7 and 12 cm after the shelf rack was added. Multipath reflections increased the median positioning errors by 112% in 2D systems and by 69% for 3D systems. The paper demonstrates the degrading effect of multipath reflections on VLP systems and highlights the need to take it into consideration when evaluating VLP systems.
{"title":"An Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Reflections on the Performance of Visible Light Positioning Systems in Warehouses","authors":"Yousef Almadani, M. Ijaz, Sander Bastiaens, S. Rajbhandari, W. Joseph, D. Plets","doi":"10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059580","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an experimental evaluation of the effect of multipath reflections on two 3D positioning algorithms is experimentally compared. The VLP algorithms use the received signal strength (RSS) for estimating the receiver‘s 3D position without prior knowledge of its height. An experimental overall median accuracy of 10.5 cm was achieved in a 4 × 4 × 4.1 m3 test area. The effect of multipath reflections was recreated using a storage shelf rack that is similar to the ones used in warehouses and was placed 26 cm away from the path. The results demonstrate the degrading effect of reflections on two and three-dimensional positioning systems. The reflection‘s effect was especially severe due to reflections from a metal beam. The achieved median errors using the two different algorithms were 7.5 and 6.6 cm before the addition of a shelf rack, and they increased to 11.7 and 12 cm after the shelf rack was added. Multipath reflections increased the median positioning errors by 112% in 2D systems and by 69% for 3D systems. The paper demonstrates the degrading effect of multipath reflections on VLP systems and highlights the need to take it into consideration when evaluating VLP systems.","PeriodicalId":339012,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128918423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059570
Fengping Li, D. Hart, I. Fatadin, R. Ferguson, R. Guilizzoni, S. Harmon
This paper describes the characterisation of an optical tracking system that allows to accurately locate the position of a magnetic sensor used for measuring the magnetic field generated from inductive charging of electrical vehicles. This paper forms part of the metrology for inductive charging of electric vehicles (MICEV) project. 2D measurements have been successfully carried out with the optical tracking system and the data acquisition has been automated by means of a dedicated software routine. The experimental setup, results, data and uncertainty analysis are presented in this paper. We show that the expanded uncertainty of the tracking system is ±0.64 mm with a coverage factor $k$ = 2, providing a coverage probability of approximately 95%.
{"title":"Characterisation of an Optical 2D Tracking System","authors":"Fengping Li, D. Hart, I. Fatadin, R. Ferguson, R. Guilizzoni, S. Harmon","doi":"10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059570","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the characterisation of an optical tracking system that allows to accurately locate the position of a magnetic sensor used for measuring the magnetic field generated from inductive charging of electrical vehicles. This paper forms part of the metrology for inductive charging of electric vehicles (MICEV) project. 2D measurements have been successfully carried out with the optical tracking system and the data acquisition has been automated by means of a dedicated software routine. The experimental setup, results, data and uncertainty analysis are presented in this paper. We show that the expanded uncertainty of the tracking system is ±0.64 mm with a coverage factor $k$ = 2, providing a coverage probability of approximately 95%.","PeriodicalId":339012,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127025637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059577
Fatina Shukur, H. Sellahewa
Research in face recognition systems has been focused on improving algorithm performance under specific conditions or to increase the average performance under heterogeneous conditions. Typical systems do not adjust well to perform at optimal level for a given instant of identification because the algorithms, face feature representations are fixed to achieve the best average result. Therefore, there is a real need to design a context-aware adaptive face identification system that can select the best pre-processing, features, and classifier for any given instance of identification. This paper focuses on the practical implementation and evaluation of our proposed framework [1] [2] that is aware of its operational context and adapt itself to select a suitable approach to identify a given face image. This is by using agent technology to give the system an intelligent and adaptive mechanism to make decisions at the key stages of the facial identification process. The agents will use context information such as environment conditions and application requirements to select the most appropriate pre-processing, features and match scores to optimise the best identification accuracy for a given test image. Within our framework, we propose the use of agents in two strategies: 1) an agent-based adaptive score selection technique as an alternative to the traditional fusion approaches, and 2) an agent-based integrated technique as an improvement to the existing adaptive and non-adaptive techniques. The experimental results presented here demonstrate that our techniques of using agents outperform the traditional fusion strategy that is commonly used in face recognition systems as well as the performance of other existing techniques.
{"title":"Agents based Context-Aware Framework for Facial Identification System","authors":"Fatina Shukur, H. Sellahewa","doi":"10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BICOP48819.2019.9059577","url":null,"abstract":"Research in face recognition systems has been focused on improving algorithm performance under specific conditions or to increase the average performance under heterogeneous conditions. Typical systems do not adjust well to perform at optimal level for a given instant of identification because the algorithms, face feature representations are fixed to achieve the best average result. Therefore, there is a real need to design a context-aware adaptive face identification system that can select the best pre-processing, features, and classifier for any given instance of identification. This paper focuses on the practical implementation and evaluation of our proposed framework [1] [2] that is aware of its operational context and adapt itself to select a suitable approach to identify a given face image. This is by using agent technology to give the system an intelligent and adaptive mechanism to make decisions at the key stages of the facial identification process. The agents will use context information such as environment conditions and application requirements to select the most appropriate pre-processing, features and match scores to optimise the best identification accuracy for a given test image. Within our framework, we propose the use of agents in two strategies: 1) an agent-based adaptive score selection technique as an alternative to the traditional fusion approaches, and 2) an agent-based integrated technique as an improvement to the existing adaptive and non-adaptive techniques. The experimental results presented here demonstrate that our techniques of using agents outperform the traditional fusion strategy that is commonly used in face recognition systems as well as the performance of other existing techniques.","PeriodicalId":339012,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP)","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124406788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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