Article History: Received: 28 Nov. 2019 Accepted: 11 Jun. 2020 Wind waves are one of the most important phenomena that should be considered in coastal and offshore activities. They have many effects on coastal environments such as wave-induced erosion, sediment and pollution transport and even in the worst cases destruction the marine ecosystems. Therefore, knowing the wave characteristics is very important for environmental research. In this paper, the accuracy of CEM semiempirical method in forecasting the wind-induced waves characteristics in the Strait of Hormuz (SOH) have been studied. Initially, the characteristics of the waves have been calculated by employing the CEM based on wind data from local synoptic stations. Then, the evaluating process have been done by comparing the forecasting values (wave heights and periods) of this method with same recorded value of wave buoys in the SOH. According to the performed study, the accuracy of semi-empirical method in forecasting wave characteristics were in close agreement with measurements values and the SMB method is suitable for determining the wave characteristics in this area. The results show that there is a good correlation coefficient between observations and forecasting data in the CEM and the CEM method has a very small bias error. So, this method is suitable for determination the wave characteristics in this area.
{"title":"Evaluating semi-empirical wave forecasting method CEM in the Strait of Hormuz","authors":"M. Abbasi","doi":"10.29252/ijcoe.3.3.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ijcoe.3.3.43","url":null,"abstract":"Article History: Received: 28 Nov. 2019 Accepted: 11 Jun. 2020 Wind waves are one of the most important phenomena that should be considered in coastal and offshore activities. They have many effects on coastal environments such as wave-induced erosion, sediment and pollution transport and even in the worst cases destruction the marine ecosystems. Therefore, knowing the wave characteristics is very important for environmental research. In this paper, the accuracy of CEM semiempirical method in forecasting the wind-induced waves characteristics in the Strait of Hormuz (SOH) have been studied. Initially, the characteristics of the waves have been calculated by employing the CEM based on wind data from local synoptic stations. Then, the evaluating process have been done by comparing the forecasting values (wave heights and periods) of this method with same recorded value of wave buoys in the SOH. According to the performed study, the accuracy of semi-empirical method in forecasting wave characteristics were in close agreement with measurements values and the SMB method is suitable for determining the wave characteristics in this area. The results show that there is a good correlation coefficient between observations and forecasting data in the CEM and the CEM method has a very small bias error. So, this method is suitable for determination the wave characteristics in this area.","PeriodicalId":33914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69854156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article History: Received: 24 May 2018 Accepted: 26 Nov. 2018 The Caspian Sea level has experienced frequent fluctuations resulting in shoreline advance and retreat. Therefore, studying and predicting shoreline changes in the Caspian Sea are very important. The "Bruun Rule" was presented in order to predict shoreline variation due to sea level rise. In addition, to improve the predictions of the Bruun rule, added landward sediment transport to it, leading to more desirable results. In this research, the Bruun rule and its modified form, extended for landward transport, were investigated for the Caspian Sea level fall conditions. The modified equation in this study leads to the better results, which indicates that due to sea level fall and natural storms, there would be sediment deposition toward the shoreline. In terms of water level reduction, by applying the coefficient, the root mean squared error was obtained 3.447 meters for predicting shoreline changes in comparison to its natural changes. According to the results, the lowest difference in prediction is related to the Mahmudabad coast and the highest difference in prediction is related to the Dastak coast, which are equal to 0.059 and 4.849 meters, respectively. Based on this trend for forecasting
{"title":"The Effects of Sea Level Fall on the Caspian Sea Shoreline Changes","authors":"H. SoheilAtaei, M. Adjami, Seyed Ahmad Neshaei","doi":"10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Article History: Received: 24 May 2018 Accepted: 26 Nov. 2018 The Caspian Sea level has experienced frequent fluctuations resulting in shoreline advance and retreat. Therefore, studying and predicting shoreline changes in the Caspian Sea are very important. The \"Bruun Rule\" was presented in order to predict shoreline variation due to sea level rise. In addition, to improve the predictions of the Bruun rule, added landward sediment transport to it, leading to more desirable results. In this research, the Bruun rule and its modified form, extended for landward transport, were investigated for the Caspian Sea level fall conditions. The modified equation in this study leads to the better results, which indicates that due to sea level fall and natural storms, there would be sediment deposition toward the shoreline. In terms of water level reduction, by applying the coefficient, the root mean squared error was obtained 3.447 meters for predicting shoreline changes in comparison to its natural changes. According to the results, the lowest difference in prediction is related to the Mahmudabad coast and the highest difference in prediction is related to the Dastak coast, which are equal to 0.059 and 4.849 meters, respectively. Based on this trend for forecasting","PeriodicalId":33914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42327957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article History: Received: 15 Nov. 2018 Accepted: 13 Dec. 2018 The nuclear disasters in Chernobyl and Fukushima have shown that such nuclear incidents are causing serious and undesirable long-term damage to the environment and the health of living beings, including humans. So that they should be taken very seriously. Considering the importance of the subject, in this paper, the simulation of the transmission and emission of cesium 137 nuclear abandoned from the contingency incident of Bushehr Power Plant in the Persian Gulf using the CROM (Código de cRiba para evaluaciÓn de iMpacto) code has been discussed. We assumed that the incident took place on July 1, 2018, and the most dangerous and an important nucleus of the abandoned is cesium 137. The simulation results show that the Cs-137 released from the incident is moved to the west and northwest of Persian Gulf and approach the head of the Persian Gulf after fifteen days. Then driven by the discharge of the Arvandrood River to the south coast and center of the Gulf moves forward and leads to the bottom. About two months later (late August) it will leave the Strait of Hormuz and will advance the Oman Sea and the Indian Ocean. Now, if this happens on January 1, after about 30 days, cesium 137 reaches the head of the Persian Gulf, and four months later (late March) will leave the Strait of Hormuz. The results of this study can be used under the same conditions in the nuclear emergency of Bushehr Power Plant.
切尔诺贝利和福岛核灾难表明，这类核事件正在对环境和包括人类在内的生物健康造成严重和不良的长期损害。所以他们应该被认真对待。考虑到这一课题的重要性，本文采用CROM (Código de cRiba para evaluaciÓn de iMpacto)程序对波斯湾布什尔电厂事故中废弃的铯137核的传输和排放进行了模拟。我们假设事故发生在2018年7月1日，被遗弃的核中最危险、最重要的是铯137。模拟结果表明，事故释放的铯-137在15天后向波斯湾的西部和西北部移动，接近波斯湾的头部。然后在阿凡德鲁德河向南海岸和墨西哥湾中心的流量的推动下向前移动并通向底部。大约两个月后(8月下旬)，它将离开霍尔木兹海峡，向阿曼海和印度洋推进。现在，如果这发生在1月1日，大约30天后，铯137到达波斯湾的头部，四个月后(3月下旬)将离开霍尔木兹海峡。研究结果可用于布什尔核电站核事故相同工况下的应急处理。
{"title":"Dispersion Simulation of Cesium 137 Released from a Hypothetical Accident at the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant in Persian Gulf","authors":"A. Kamyab, M. Azad, M. Sadeghi, A. Akhound","doi":"10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Article History: Received: 15 Nov. 2018 Accepted: 13 Dec. 2018 The nuclear disasters in Chernobyl and Fukushima have shown that such nuclear incidents are causing serious and undesirable long-term damage to the environment and the health of living beings, including humans. So that they should be taken very seriously. Considering the importance of the subject, in this paper, the simulation of the transmission and emission of cesium 137 nuclear abandoned from the contingency incident of Bushehr Power Plant in the Persian Gulf using the CROM (Código de cRiba para evaluaciÓn de iMpacto) code has been discussed. We assumed that the incident took place on July 1, 2018, and the most dangerous and an important nucleus of the abandoned is cesium 137. The simulation results show that the Cs-137 released from the incident is moved to the west and northwest of Persian Gulf and approach the head of the Persian Gulf after fifteen days. Then driven by the discharge of the Arvandrood River to the south coast and center of the Gulf moves forward and leads to the bottom. About two months later (late August) it will leave the Strait of Hormuz and will advance the Oman Sea and the Indian Ocean. Now, if this happens on January 1, after about 30 days, cesium 137 reaches the head of the Persian Gulf, and four months later (late March) will leave the Strait of Hormuz. The results of this study can be used under the same conditions in the nuclear emergency of Bushehr Power Plant.","PeriodicalId":33914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44625760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article History: Received: 6 Sep. 2018 Accepted: 12 Dec. 2018 Safety in marine operations primarily depends on forward-planning and people being aware of their surroundings and managing the presence of others in the same arena at the same time. Marine operations must contend with challenging environments and hazards that require greater domain awareness; especially when many operators from different organisations are working in the same area. Being aware of what is going on around you in a marine domain, is termed Marine Domain Awareness (MDA), which involves the perception and understanding of environmental factors, their meaning and effects, and foreseeing their likely status and impact in the near future. This paper applies Situational Awareness (SA) concepts to the safety of marine operations and proposes a model for developing an information exchange system to enhance marine operational safety. The proposed model enhances MDA and can help in developing procedures and training programs to promote domain awareness. A framework for the safe marine operation is outlined in this paper.
{"title":"Safety in Marine Operations","authors":"S. Yasseri, H. Bahai","doi":"10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.29","url":null,"abstract":"Article History: Received: 6 Sep. 2018 Accepted: 12 Dec. 2018 Safety in marine operations primarily depends on forward-planning and people being aware of their surroundings and managing the presence of others in the same arena at the same time. Marine operations must contend with challenging environments and hazards that require greater domain awareness; especially when many operators from different organisations are working in the same area. Being aware of what is going on around you in a marine domain, is termed Marine Domain Awareness (MDA), which involves the perception and understanding of environmental factors, their meaning and effects, and foreseeing their likely status and impact in the near future. This paper applies Situational Awareness (SA) concepts to the safety of marine operations and proposes a model for developing an information exchange system to enhance marine operational safety. The proposed model enhances MDA and can help in developing procedures and training programs to promote domain awareness. A framework for the safe marine operation is outlined in this paper.","PeriodicalId":33914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47194295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article History: Received: 18 Oct. 2018 Accepted: 16 Dec. 2018 Increasing problems due to supplying energy demand conveyed researchers to find a solution in renewable energy resources and consequently marine engineers drew attentions towards wave energy which has the merit of higher energy density than the other resources. Oscillating Water Column (OWC) is one of the most propitious devices for capturing wave energy. Researchers have studied the device under different wave height and period conditions and they investigated various geometric parameters such as front wall draft and the chamber length. However, the effects of wave spectrum type or shape has not been investigated deeply yet. Different wave spectra have been developed for different places around the world but the focus of this study is on the two wellknown spectra called JONSWAP and Pierson-Moskowitz to see how the type of the spectrum can impact on inner chamber fluctuation, pressure variation and reflection response of an offshore OWC. To achieve this goal, a 1:15 scale model of an offshore OWC was constructed in National Iranian Marine Laboratory. The results show that inner chamber free surface spectrum is affected by the type of incident wave spectrum. In another word, energy content at peak frequency was approximately 50% higher when the incident wave spectrum is of JONSWAP type. However, energy corresponding to sloshing frequency and total energy content in the chamber were almost the same for both types of the spectra. Pressure spectra inside the chamber showed a similar trend as free surface elevation. Although there was a little difference in reflection response of an OWC influenced by the type of spectra, this discrepancy was more pronounced in high frequency waves.
{"title":"Experimental Study of Wave Spectrum Type Impact on Inner Chamber Fluctuation, Pressure and Reflection of OWC Device","authors":"Milad Zabihi, S. Mazaheri, M. Namin","doi":"10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.19","url":null,"abstract":"Article History: Received: 18 Oct. 2018 Accepted: 16 Dec. 2018 Increasing problems due to supplying energy demand conveyed researchers to find a solution in renewable energy resources and consequently marine engineers drew attentions towards wave energy which has the merit of higher energy density than the other resources. Oscillating Water Column (OWC) is one of the most propitious devices for capturing wave energy. Researchers have studied the device under different wave height and period conditions and they investigated various geometric parameters such as front wall draft and the chamber length. However, the effects of wave spectrum type or shape has not been investigated deeply yet. Different wave spectra have been developed for different places around the world but the focus of this study is on the two wellknown spectra called JONSWAP and Pierson-Moskowitz to see how the type of the spectrum can impact on inner chamber fluctuation, pressure variation and reflection response of an offshore OWC. To achieve this goal, a 1:15 scale model of an offshore OWC was constructed in National Iranian Marine Laboratory. The results show that inner chamber free surface spectrum is affected by the type of incident wave spectrum. In another word, energy content at peak frequency was approximately 50% higher when the incident wave spectrum is of JONSWAP type. However, energy corresponding to sloshing frequency and total energy content in the chamber were almost the same for both types of the spectra. Pressure spectra inside the chamber showed a similar trend as free surface elevation. Although there was a little difference in reflection response of an OWC influenced by the type of spectra, this discrepancy was more pronounced in high frequency waves.","PeriodicalId":33914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43477278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article History: Received: 26 Apr. 2018 Accepted: 26 Nov. 2018 This paper examines the variation of wave characteristics and net Longshore Sediment Transport (LST) rates along the Ramin Harbor, southeast coast of Iran. Potential LST rates were determined based on three empirical relationships, namely, CERC, Kamphuis and Komar and using transformed hindcast offshore waves from 1985 to 2006. Detailed analysis of 22-year deep water wave information for the region indicates considerable seasonal variations for the wave conditions, with high energy monsoon waves being generated in Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea from southern direction during monsoon season. Moreover, the long period swell waves originated from Indian Ocean usually approach the coast from southeast to south. Further, the variable sea waves characterized by shorter-period, normally spreading from west to southwest, are superimposed on the basis swell during non-monsoon season. In order to assess the reliability and accuracy of the predicted magnitudes for LST rates, the achieved results were compared with the field data, with the Kamphuis equation being found to give acceptable estimation for the potential LST rate. Finally, through morphological analyze of the adjacent shorelines and coastal region, a reasonable agreement was established for the LST direction.
{"title":"Wave Climate Variability and Longshore Sediment Transport Evaluation along Ramin Harbor, Southeast Coast of Iran","authors":"Ehsan Isaie Moghaddam, H. Hakimzadeh","doi":"10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.53","url":null,"abstract":"Article History: Received: 26 Apr. 2018 Accepted: 26 Nov. 2018 This paper examines the variation of wave characteristics and net Longshore Sediment Transport (LST) rates along the Ramin Harbor, southeast coast of Iran. Potential LST rates were determined based on three empirical relationships, namely, CERC, Kamphuis and Komar and using transformed hindcast offshore waves from 1985 to 2006. Detailed analysis of 22-year deep water wave information for the region indicates considerable seasonal variations for the wave conditions, with high energy monsoon waves being generated in Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea from southern direction during monsoon season. Moreover, the long period swell waves originated from Indian Ocean usually approach the coast from southeast to south. Further, the variable sea waves characterized by shorter-period, normally spreading from west to southwest, are superimposed on the basis swell during non-monsoon season. In order to assess the reliability and accuracy of the predicted magnitudes for LST rates, the achieved results were compared with the field data, with the Kamphuis equation being found to give acceptable estimation for the potential LST rate. Finally, through morphological analyze of the adjacent shorelines and coastal region, a reasonable agreement was established for the LST direction.","PeriodicalId":33914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44328838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article History: Received: 18 Oct. 2018 Accepted: 17 Dec. 2018 More realistic simulation of hazards caused by Tropical Cyclones (TCs) requires knowledge of the mechanisms that formulate tropical cyclone. Here, sensitivity of an idealized framework has been tested to investigate role of two external parameters in vertical entropy flux. The first parameter controls the ratio of width of eyewall and downdraft regions to radius of maximum wind and the second parameter controls radial decay of wind velocity between two regions. This numerical model used conservation principles, assumed axisymmetry and steadiness to model TC vortex, and let ventilation be occurred via the path-ways of downdrafts outside eyewall and eddy fluxes directly into eyewall. To test this framework, Tropical Cyclone Haiyan (TCH, formed over the Western part of Pacific Ocean on 3 November 2013) has been selected. Two kinds of datasets including Joint Typhoon Warning Centers (JTWC) Best Track data of Japan Meteorology Agency and Global Forecast System Analysis (GFS-ANL) data have been used. The model has been run for 60 different configurations, based on change of the two external parameters and size of two random do-mains. The sensitivity of the modeled convective entropy flux to the applied changes has been examined via two different aspects of investigation. In the first aspect, terms of the reference equation of convective entropy flux have been considered and their responses to the changes have been studies. While in the second aspect, values of the convective entropy flux at TCH peak activity time (PAT), before and after that have been inspected. Results, obtained from the first aspect, obviously indicate that the increase of the first external parameter increases the all terms of the referred equation, while increase of the second external parameter influenced the terms differently. Also enlarging the domains’ size does not impress the results similarly. Outcomes of the second aspect reveal that the implemented changes non-uniformly impact the values of the modeled convective entropy flux in the three considered times.
{"title":"Sensitivity of an Axi-Symmetric Tropical Cyclone Model to Two External Parameters","authors":"N. Pegahfar, M. Gharaylou","doi":"10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/IJCOE.2.3.41","url":null,"abstract":"Article History: Received: 18 Oct. 2018 Accepted: 17 Dec. 2018 More realistic simulation of hazards caused by Tropical Cyclones (TCs) requires knowledge of the mechanisms that formulate tropical cyclone. Here, sensitivity of an idealized framework has been tested to investigate role of two external parameters in vertical entropy flux. The first parameter controls the ratio of width of eyewall and downdraft regions to radius of maximum wind and the second parameter controls radial decay of wind velocity between two regions. This numerical model used conservation principles, assumed axisymmetry and steadiness to model TC vortex, and let ventilation be occurred via the path-ways of downdrafts outside eyewall and eddy fluxes directly into eyewall. To test this framework, Tropical Cyclone Haiyan (TCH, formed over the Western part of Pacific Ocean on 3 November 2013) has been selected. Two kinds of datasets including Joint Typhoon Warning Centers (JTWC) Best Track data of Japan Meteorology Agency and Global Forecast System Analysis (GFS-ANL) data have been used. The model has been run for 60 different configurations, based on change of the two external parameters and size of two random do-mains. The sensitivity of the modeled convective entropy flux to the applied changes has been examined via two different aspects of investigation. In the first aspect, terms of the reference equation of convective entropy flux have been considered and their responses to the changes have been studies. While in the second aspect, values of the convective entropy flux at TCH peak activity time (PAT), before and after that have been inspected. Results, obtained from the first aspect, obviously indicate that the increase of the first external parameter increases the all terms of the referred equation, while increase of the second external parameter influenced the terms differently. Also enlarging the domains’ size does not impress the results similarly. Outcomes of the second aspect reveal that the implemented changes non-uniformly impact the values of the modeled convective entropy flux in the three considered times.","PeriodicalId":33914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47212277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article History: Received: 1 Jul. 2018 Accepted: 8 Sep. 2018 This paper explores further and describes the System Readiness Level estimation for means of production in the oil and gas industry, through a case study. The concept as Technology Readiness Level (TRL) originally promoted by NASA and was then adopted by government agencies and industries across the USA and Europe. TRL was adopted by API (API 17N) and tailored for the assessing the readiness of subsea components for inclusion in subsea production systems. The API’s TRL has been recently extended by introducing two more metrics namely, the Integration Readiness Level (IRL) and the System Readiness Level (SRL). SRL is a mathematical combination TRL and IRL and is a metric for assessing progress in developing major subsea systems. Standard assessment metrics, such as Technology Readiness Levels (TRL), do not sufficiently evaluate the modern complex systems. Building on the previous publications [43] the SRL calculation method is expanded and expounded by adding a system engineering framework for the process of SRL estimation. Explained in some detail, in this paper, which produces more consistent results. Using an error averaging method, SRL is calculated by combining the TRL of each component with IRL, which expresses the readiness of each of these components to be integrated with other components of the system. To facilitate the calculation the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is used both to visualise components and perform the necessary arithmetic.
{"title":"System Readiness Level Estimation of Oil and Gas Production Systems","authors":"S. Yasseri, H. Bahai","doi":"10.29252/IJCOE.2.2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/IJCOE.2.2.31","url":null,"abstract":"Article History: Received: 1 Jul. 2018 Accepted: 8 Sep. 2018 This paper explores further and describes the System Readiness Level estimation for means of production in the oil and gas industry, through a case study. The concept as Technology Readiness Level (TRL) originally promoted by NASA and was then adopted by government agencies and industries across the USA and Europe. TRL was adopted by API (API 17N) and tailored for the assessing the readiness of subsea components for inclusion in subsea production systems. The API’s TRL has been recently extended by introducing two more metrics namely, the Integration Readiness Level (IRL) and the System Readiness Level (SRL). SRL is a mathematical combination TRL and IRL and is a metric for assessing progress in developing major subsea systems. Standard assessment metrics, such as Technology Readiness Levels (TRL), do not sufficiently evaluate the modern complex systems. Building on the previous publications [43] the SRL calculation method is expanded and expounded by adding a system engineering framework for the process of SRL estimation. Explained in some detail, in this paper, which produces more consistent results. Using an error averaging method, SRL is calculated by combining the TRL of each component with IRL, which expresses the readiness of each of these components to be integrated with other components of the system. To facilitate the calculation the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is used both to visualise components and perform the necessary arithmetic.","PeriodicalId":33914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42041870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article History: Received: 30 Apr. 2018 Accepted : 1 Sep. 2018 The relative stress concentration factors (SCF) on the chord member of a tubular T-joint strengthened with FRP which is subjected to brace axial loading are studied. ABAQUS Finite Element software package is used to perform the numerical analyses. Prior to the main studies, the unstiffened joint was validated against the API and Lloyd’s Register equations together with the experimental data. Six different types of FRP materials such as Glass/Vinyl ester, Glass/Epoxy (Scotch ply 1002), S-Glass/Epoxy, Aramid/Epoxy (Kevlar 49/Epoxy), Carbon/Epoxy (T300-5208) and Carbon/Epoxy (AS/3501) are used as strengthening material in order to enhance the fatigue life of tubular T-joints through lowering the SCFs. Promising results derived from analyses which show that FRP strengthening method can be considered as an effective method for decreasing the SCF values at tubular T-joints. Results of the analyses for 6mm CFRP layup revealed that under the action of axial loading the FRP strengthening could decrease the SCFs up to 30% and 50% at crown and saddle points of the chord member.
{"title":"Effect of FRP Material Properties on Chord SCFs of an FRP-Strengthened Offshore Tubular T-Joint under Brace Axial Loading","authors":"A. Hosseini, M. Lesani, M. Bahaari","doi":"10.29252/IJCOE.2.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/IJCOE.2.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Article History: Received: 30 Apr. 2018 Accepted : 1 Sep. 2018 The relative stress concentration factors (SCF) on the chord member of a tubular T-joint strengthened with FRP which is subjected to brace axial loading are studied. ABAQUS Finite Element software package is used to perform the numerical analyses. Prior to the main studies, the unstiffened joint was validated against the API and Lloyd’s Register equations together with the experimental data. Six different types of FRP materials such as Glass/Vinyl ester, Glass/Epoxy (Scotch ply 1002), S-Glass/Epoxy, Aramid/Epoxy (Kevlar 49/Epoxy), Carbon/Epoxy (T300-5208) and Carbon/Epoxy (AS/3501) are used as strengthening material in order to enhance the fatigue life of tubular T-joints through lowering the SCFs. Promising results derived from analyses which show that FRP strengthening method can be considered as an effective method for decreasing the SCF values at tubular T-joints. Results of the analyses for 6mm CFRP layup revealed that under the action of axial loading the FRP strengthening could decrease the SCFs up to 30% and 50% at crown and saddle points of the chord member.","PeriodicalId":33914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48985469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ataei, Amir Jabari Kh., Amir Khakpour, M. Adjami, Seyed Ahmad Neshaei
1 Ph.D. candidate, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran; ataei.h.s@gmail.com 2* Ph.D. candidate, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran; amir.jabarikh@gmail.com 3 Master of Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran; amirmohammad.khakpour@gmail.com 4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran; adjami@shahroodut.ac.ir 5 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; maln@guilan.ac.ir
{"title":"Investigation of Caspian Sea Level Fluctuations Based on ECMWF Satellite Imaging Models and Rivers Discharge","authors":"H. Ataei, Amir Jabari Kh., Amir Khakpour, M. Adjami, Seyed Ahmad Neshaei","doi":"10.29252/IJCOE.2.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/IJCOE.2.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"1 Ph.D. candidate, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran; ataei.h.s@gmail.com 2* Ph.D. candidate, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran; amir.jabarikh@gmail.com 3 Master of Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran; amirmohammad.khakpour@gmail.com 4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran; adjami@shahroodut.ac.ir 5 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; maln@guilan.ac.ir","PeriodicalId":33914,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46057197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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