Madiha Iftikhar, Z. Ulhaq, Q. Ullah, S. Saleem, A. Hanif
Abstract: Background: Acute infectious enteritis remains one of the commonest causes of death among infants and children in developing countries. Acute enteritis is defined as a loss of stool consistency with pasty or liquid stools, and/or an increase in stool frequency to more than three stools in 24 hours with or without fever or vomiting. Human survival depends on the secretion and reabsorption of fluid and electrolytes in the intestinal tract. The objective of the study is to evaluate the risk factors of diarrhoea in children under age of 5 years. Methodology: It was an observational study. Study was completed in about six months. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. In this study, 270 samples were taken from Diarrheal ward of The Children Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Results: In this study, out of 270 patients, 58.52% were males and 41.48% were females. 90.37% patients were vaccinated. 54.81% had weaning history. 91.85% patients had feeding history. 29.26% had blood in stool. 96.67% patients were dehydrated. 95.56% patients had loose watery diarrhoea. 62.96% patients used boiled water. 58.52% patients consumed less than half litre of water, 30.00% patients consumed 1 litre of water and 11.48% patients consumed > 1 litre of water. 49.18% patients had proper hygiene. 38.15% mothers of patients were well educated. 40.37% patients had model household condition. 57.41% patients lived in rural area and 42.59% patients lived in urban area. Conclusion: The variation in the level of diarrheal morbidity was well explained by maternal education, income, personal hygiene, refuse disposal system and the effect of health extension programme.
{"title":"Risk Factors of Diarrhoea in Malnourished Children under Age of 5 Years","authors":"Madiha Iftikhar, Z. Ulhaq, Q. Ullah, S. Saleem, A. Hanif","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v3i1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v3i1.45","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000Background: Acute infectious enteritis remains one of the commonest causes of death among infants and children in developing countries. Acute enteritis is defined as a loss of stool consistency with pasty or liquid stools, and/or an increase in stool frequency to more than three stools in 24 hours with or without fever or vomiting. Human survival depends on the secretion and reabsorption of fluid and electrolytes in the intestinal tract. The objective of the study is to evaluate the risk factors of diarrhoea in children under age of 5 years. \u0000Methodology: It was an observational study. Study was completed in about six months. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. In this study, 270 samples were taken from Diarrheal ward of The Children Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. \u0000Results: In this study, out of 270 patients, 58.52% were males and 41.48% were females. 90.37% patients were vaccinated. 54.81% had weaning history. 91.85% patients had feeding history. 29.26% had blood in stool. 96.67% patients were dehydrated. 95.56% patients had loose watery diarrhoea. 62.96% patients used boiled water. 58.52% patients consumed less than half litre of water, 30.00% patients consumed 1 litre of water and 11.48% patients consumed > 1 litre of water. 49.18% patients had proper hygiene. 38.15% mothers of patients were well educated. 40.37% patients had model household condition. 57.41% patients lived in rural area and 42.59% patients lived in urban area. \u0000Conclusion: The variation in the level of diarrheal morbidity was well explained by maternal education, income, personal hygiene, refuse disposal system and the effect of health extension programme.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43947045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Background: Cleft lip and palate are congenital disorders which induce affected individuals medically, socially and psychologically. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism(SNP); rs2013162 of IRF6 Gene in Patient with Cleft Lip and Palate. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with non-syndromic CL/P were included in present study alongwith fifty individuals with no psychiatric history as controls. In all of the these individuals, search for Single nucleotide polymorphism was carried out by designing sequence specific primers. The sequence was amplified by using Real time PCR and products were investigated by visualizing high resolution melting curve upon HRM-PCR. Results: The logistic regression and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were applied to investigate the association of IRF6 SNP rs2013162 with disease. Results revealed no association of this polymorphism with non-syndromic CL/P. Conclusion: We found no association of IRF6 SNP rs2013162 in patients with non-syndromic CL/P. Further study is required with larger sample size to validate the findings of the present study in Pakistani population and along with this SNP other polymorphisms of the same gene should be analyzed to find out the association with the non-syndromic CL/P.
摘要/ Abstract摘要:背景:唇腭裂是一种先天性疾病，其影响因素包括医学、社会和心理。本研究的目的是探讨单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的相关性;IRF6基因rs2013162在唇腭裂患者中的表达材料和方法:50例非综合征性CL/P患者与50例无精神病史的个体作为对照。在所有这些个体中，通过设计序列特异性引物来寻找单核苷酸多态性。采用Real - time PCR扩增序列，HRM-PCR高分辨率熔融曲线可视化检测产物。结果:应用logistic回归和Hardy-Weinberg平衡研究IRF6 SNP rs2013162与疾病的相关性。结果显示该多态性与非综合征性CL/P无关联。结论:我们发现IRF6 SNP rs2013162与非综合征性CL/P患者无关联。需要进一步研究更大的样本量来验证本研究在巴基斯坦人群中的发现，并且除了该SNP外，还应分析同一基因的其他多态性，以找出与非综合征性CL/P的关联。
{"title":"Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs2013162 of IRF6 Gene in Patient with Cleft Lip and Palate","authors":"Husnain Shehzad, Osheen Shehzad","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v3i1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v3i1.46","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Cleft lip and palate are congenital disorders which induce affected individuals medically, socially and psychologically. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism(SNP); rs2013162 of IRF6 Gene in Patient with Cleft Lip and Palate. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with non-syndromic CL/P were included in present study alongwith fifty individuals with no psychiatric history as controls. In all of the these individuals, search for Single nucleotide polymorphism was carried out by designing sequence specific primers. The sequence was amplified by using Real time PCR and products were investigated by visualizing high resolution melting curve upon HRM-PCR. Results: The logistic regression and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were applied to investigate the association of IRF6 SNP rs2013162 with disease. Results revealed no association of this polymorphism with non-syndromic CL/P. Conclusion: We found no association of IRF6 SNP rs2013162 in patients with non-syndromic CL/P. Further study is required with larger sample size to validate the findings of the present study in Pakistani population and along with this SNP other polymorphisms of the same gene should be analyzed to find out the association with the non-syndromic CL/P.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69949805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water is a chemical compound made up of two elements, Hydrogen gas, which is combustible and Oxygen gas, which causes to burn. But the union of two atoms of Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen results in a colourless and odourless liquid, known as water, which extinguish fire.
{"title":"Water: The Elixir of Life","authors":"M. Aslamkhan","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v3i1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v3i1.49","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a chemical compound made up of two elements, Hydrogen gas, which is combustible and Oxygen gas, which causes to burn. But the union of two atoms of Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen results in a colourless and odourless liquid, known as water, which extinguish fire.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44127610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Hafeez, Q. Ullah, A. Hanif, Z. Akhtar, M. Umar, R. Rafaqat
Abstract: Background: Gastroesophageal reflex is known as an acid reflex, is long term condition where stomach contents back into the oesophagus resulting in either symptoms or complications. GERD disease is caused by weakness or failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Symptoms include the acidic taste behind the mouth, heart burn, chest pain, difficult breathing and vomiting. Complication includes esophagitis, oesophageal strictures and barrettes oesophagus. Objective: The aim of this research was to introduce the symptoms of GERD disease in asthmatic patients and how these symptoms worsen the symptoms of asthma disease and what clinical pictures present with the asthmatic disease. Methodology: A designed performa was used to collect the data and after filling the performa, results were drawn and conclusion through the facts and the information given by patients. Results: In the present study among all 164 asthmatic patients, 70 (42.7%) patients showed dyspepsia, 58 (35.4%) were with chest burning, 23 (14%) were asking about chest pain, with acidic mouth taste were 39 (23.8%), 22 (13.4%) were feeling sore throat and 44 (26.8%) showed regurgitation reflex. Among these 164 patients 16 (9.8%) were smokers and 148 (90.2 %) were non-smokers. 47 (28.7%) were males and 117 (71.3%) were females. Conclusion: It is concluded that gastroesophageal reflux disease in asthmatic patients present symptoms of acidic mouth taste, chest burning, chest pain, dyspepsia, regurgitation reflex and sore throat.
{"title":"Frequency of Clinical symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Asthmatic Patients","authors":"N. Hafeez, Q. Ullah, A. Hanif, Z. Akhtar, M. Umar, R. Rafaqat","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v3i1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v3i1.43","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000Background: Gastroesophageal reflex is known as an acid reflex, is long term condition where stomach contents back into the oesophagus resulting in either symptoms or complications. GERD disease is caused by weakness or failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Symptoms include the acidic taste behind the mouth, heart burn, chest pain, difficult breathing and vomiting. Complication includes esophagitis, oesophageal strictures and barrettes oesophagus. \u0000Objective: The aim of this research was to introduce the symptoms of GERD disease in asthmatic patients and how these symptoms worsen the symptoms of asthma disease and what clinical pictures present with the asthmatic disease. \u0000Methodology: A designed performa was used to collect the data and after filling the performa, results were drawn and conclusion through the facts and the information given by patients. \u0000Results: In the present study among all 164 asthmatic patients, 70 (42.7%) patients showed dyspepsia, 58 (35.4%) were with chest burning, 23 (14%) were asking about chest pain, with acidic mouth taste were 39 (23.8%), 22 (13.4%) were feeling sore throat and 44 (26.8%) showed regurgitation reflex. Among these 164 patients 16 (9.8%) were smokers and 148 (90.2 %) were non-smokers. 47 (28.7%) were males and 117 (71.3%) were females. \u0000Conclusion: It is concluded that gastroesophageal reflux disease in asthmatic patients present symptoms of acidic mouth taste, chest burning, chest pain, dyspepsia, regurgitation reflex and sore throat.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48602643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most effective and valuable principles to promote health in all countries has been adoption of Primary Health Care (PHC) as a fundamental strategy. In September 1978, an international conference was held in Alma-Ata, whose great achievement was declaring PHC as a roadmap for “Health for All” by the year 2000 (HFA 2000). Indeed, as a new approach beyond the traditional system of health care, PHC insisted on justice in the delivery and distribution of services in the health sector (1).
{"title":"Primary Healthcare","authors":"Muhammad Imran","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.35","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most effective and valuable principles to promote health in all countries has been adoption of Primary Health Care (PHC) as a fundamental strategy. In September 1978, an international conference was held in Alma-Ata, whose great achievement was declaring PHC as a roadmap for “Health for All” by the year 2000 (HFA 2000). Indeed, as a new approach beyond the traditional system of health care, PHC insisted on justice in the delivery and distribution of services in the health sector (1).","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48833794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractBackground: Obstructive lung disease (OLD) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Obstructive lung disease is the narrowing of bronchioles mainly due to excessive smooth muscle contraction. The objective of this study is to evaluate the Frequency of HIV in obstructive lung disease patients.Methodology: Samples were collected randomly, and study was completed in almost six months. 100 samples were taken with an informed consent taken from all the patients. EDTA and Clotted blood was collected for HIV ELISA and HIV screening.Results: In this study, 69% Males and 31%Females, 34% Smokers, 26% patients were Hypertensive, 10% patients were diabetic, 3% patients were diagnosed HIV positive by screening and ELISA.Conclusion: The frequency of HIV in obstructive lung disease patients in this research is not very high as compared to the previous researches, showing high frequency and relationship between HIV and obstructive lung disease patients. The reason behind low frequency is due to low sample size so by increasing the sample size we can get better understanding of frequency of HIV in obstructive lung disease patients. Another reason of insignificant results is low prevalence of HIV in Pakistan as compared to the previous researches in certain countries.
{"title":"Frequency of HIV in Obstructive Lung Disease Patients","authors":"W. Ahmed, Q. Ullah, Mughees Ahmed, A. Hanif","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.38","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBackground: Obstructive lung disease (OLD) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Obstructive lung disease is the narrowing of bronchioles mainly due to excessive smooth muscle contraction. The objective of this study is to evaluate the Frequency of HIV in obstructive lung disease patients.Methodology: Samples were collected randomly, and study was completed in almost six months. 100 samples were taken with an informed consent taken from all the patients. EDTA and Clotted blood was collected for HIV ELISA and HIV screening.Results: In this study, 69% Males and 31%Females, 34% Smokers, 26% patients were Hypertensive, 10% patients were diabetic, 3% patients were diagnosed HIV positive by screening and ELISA.Conclusion: The frequency of HIV in obstructive lung disease patients in this research is not very high as compared to the previous researches, showing high frequency and relationship between HIV and obstructive lung disease patients. The reason behind low frequency is due to low sample size so by increasing the sample size we can get better understanding of frequency of HIV in obstructive lung disease patients. Another reason of insignificant results is low prevalence of HIV in Pakistan as compared to the previous researches in certain countries. ","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42386335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syeda Hina Zahra, Q. Ullah, Usman Ali Rehman, A. Hanif, S. Bhatti
Abstract:Background: To compare between opioids and wound infiltration to reduce post-operative painin abdominal surgery in first 6 hours, in appropriate treatment, contraindications of treatment and increase mortality of patients. This article presents novel approach to surgical site infiltration techniques and intravenous opioids for abdominal surgery to reduce pain. The main aim of this study is optimal patient comfort rather than reduce pain intensity, reduction offside effects is also an important goal in pain management.Methodology: Data was collected from surgical department of Gulab Devi Chest Hospital. Duringabdominal surgery bupivacaine was given to some patients while other were managed by postoperative opioids and by using designed performa it is concluded that which one of them is better method for post-operative pain management.Results: This is the descriptive study conducted in Gulab Devi Hospital Lahore.in this study, inthis study minimum age of the patients was 14 and maximum age of the patients was 80. The mean age was 32.16+12.32 years. In this study out of total 100 patients, 18(18.00%) were male patients and 82(82.00%) were females. Female gender predominated in this study. in this study, p-value is 0.00 (<0.05%) so pain relieving chances of bupivacaine infiltration as moderate pain scale were 84% and in distracting pain scale chances in bupivacaine infiltration were 16%.But pain relieving chances of opioids as moderate pain scale were 12.24 % and in distracting pain scale chances in opioids were 87.75%.so peri-operative pain management by bupivacaine infiltration is better than post –operative opioids management in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.Conclusion: According to my research bupivacaine wound infiltration is better method for postoperative pain management in abdominal surgeries. Our study was conducted at Gulab DeviHospital and Services Hospital in an area of pain management by opioids and infiltration, whichmay limit the applications of our findings in area of pain management by opioids and infiltrationprevalence.
摘要：背景：比较阿片类药物与伤口浸润之间的关系，以减少腹部手术后前6小时的疼痛，在适当的治疗中，增加患者的禁忌症和死亡率。本文介绍了一种新的手术部位渗透技术和静脉注射阿片类药物的方法，用于腹部手术以减轻疼痛。本研究的主要目的是优化患者舒适度，而不是降低疼痛强度，减少越位效应也是疼痛管理的一个重要目标。方法：资料来源于Gulab Devi胸科医院外科。在腹部手术期间，一些患者服用了布比卡因，而另一些患者则使用了术后阿片类药物。通过使用设计的性能，可以得出结论，哪一种是更好的术后疼痛管理方法。结果：这是在拉霍雷Gulab Devi医院进行的描述性研究。在本研究中，患者的最小年龄为14岁，最大年龄为80岁。平均年龄32.16+12.32岁。在这项研究中，在总共100名患者中，18名（18.00%）为男性患者，82名（82.00%）为女性患者。在这项研究中，女性占主导地位。在本研究中，p值为0.00（<0.05%），因此布比卡因浸润作为中度疼痛量表的止痛机会为84%，在分散疼痛量表中布比卡因渗透的止痛机会是16%腹部手术患者术后阿片类药物管理。结论：根据我的研究，布比卡因伤口浸润是腹部手术后疼痛管理的较好方法。我们的研究是在Gulab DeviHospital and Services Hospital进行的，涉及阿片类药物和浸润的疼痛管理领域，这可能会限制我们的研究结果在阿片类和浸润流行率疼痛管理领域的应用。
{"title":"Post-Operative Pain Comparison between Peri-Operative Bupivacaine Infiltration Vs Post-Operative Opioids Analgesics in Patient Undergoing Abdominal Surgery in First 6 Hours","authors":"Syeda Hina Zahra, Q. Ullah, Usman Ali Rehman, A. Hanif, S. Bhatti","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.39","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Background: To compare between opioids and wound infiltration to reduce post-operative painin abdominal surgery in first 6 hours, in appropriate treatment, contraindications of treatment and increase mortality of patients. This article presents novel approach to surgical site infiltration techniques and intravenous opioids for abdominal surgery to reduce pain. The main aim of this study is optimal patient comfort rather than reduce pain intensity, reduction offside effects is also an important goal in pain management.Methodology: Data was collected from surgical department of Gulab Devi Chest Hospital. Duringabdominal surgery bupivacaine was given to some patients while other were managed by postoperative opioids and by using designed performa it is concluded that which one of them is better method for post-operative pain management.Results: This is the descriptive study conducted in Gulab Devi Hospital Lahore.in this study, inthis study minimum age of the patients was 14 and maximum age of the patients was 80. The mean age was 32.16+12.32 years. In this study out of total 100 patients, 18(18.00%) were male patients and 82(82.00%) were females. Female gender predominated in this study. in this study, p-value is 0.00 (<0.05%) so pain relieving chances of bupivacaine infiltration as moderate pain scale were 84% and in distracting pain scale chances in bupivacaine infiltration were 16%.But pain relieving chances of opioids as moderate pain scale were 12.24 % and in distracting pain scale chances in opioids were 87.75%.so peri-operative pain management by bupivacaine infiltration is better than post –operative opioids management in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.Conclusion: According to my research bupivacaine wound infiltration is better method for postoperative pain management in abdominal surgeries. Our study was conducted at Gulab DeviHospital and Services Hospital in an area of pain management by opioids and infiltration, whichmay limit the applications of our findings in area of pain management by opioids and infiltrationprevalence.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47303827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Typhoid fever is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world including Pakistan. Resistance to the first line anti typhoid drugs viz chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and ampicillin has aggravated this situation. Quinolones are currently used as the first line antityphoid drugs, instead. Fluoroquinolones are currently recommended for patients infected with Typhi. The fluoroquinolones have shown good in vitro as well as clinical activity against Typhi infections.Materials and Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional conducted at Department of Microbiology UHS, Lahore, Pakistan within one year (January 2011-December 2011). A total of 100 clinical isolates of Typhi were evaluated. ATCC 9150 Paratyphi A was used as a standarad strain. The bacterial isolates were preserved in microbanks (Pro-Lab Diagnostics, UK) and stored at-70˚C during a period of (2007- 2011). Data was analysed through SPSS version 22.Results: Of the 100 isolates, 45 strains were showing MIC ≤ 1µg/ml which means that they were susceptible while 55 strains were intermediate having MIC 2µg/ml. No strain was however, found resistant to ciprofloxacin according as per the CLSI 2011. As per the CLSI 2012 revised ciprofloxacin break points for disc diffusion and MIC for salmonella species. According to CLSI 2012 interpretive criteria, on disk diffusion testing 13 isolates were sensitive, 13 were resistant and 74 were intermediate to ciprofloxacin. On MIC, 55 strains were resistant showing MIC ≥1µg/ml and 45 isolates were intermediate showing MIC 0.125-0.5µg/ml. No isolate was found sensitive to ciprofloxacin according to CLSI 2012 interpretive criteria.Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study showed the value of nalidixic acid susceptibility as an indirect but a certain marker of ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Nalidixic acid resistant showed increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by agar dilution method.
{"title":"Relationship between the Susceptibility of Salmonella.Typhi to Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin and their respective Susceptibility To Nalidixic Acid","authors":"N. Bashir, Ali Ahmed, Hashim Raza, M. Imran","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.40","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Typhoid fever is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world including Pakistan. Resistance to the first line anti typhoid drugs viz chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and ampicillin has aggravated this situation. Quinolones are currently used as the first line antityphoid drugs, instead. Fluoroquinolones are currently recommended for patients infected with Typhi. The fluoroquinolones have shown good in vitro as well as clinical activity against Typhi infections.Materials and Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional conducted at Department of Microbiology UHS, Lahore, Pakistan within one year (January 2011-December 2011). A total of 100 clinical isolates of Typhi were evaluated. ATCC 9150 Paratyphi A was used as a standarad strain. The bacterial isolates were preserved in microbanks (Pro-Lab Diagnostics, UK) and stored at-70˚C during a period of (2007- 2011). Data was analysed through SPSS version 22.Results: Of the 100 isolates, 45 strains were showing MIC ≤ 1µg/ml which means that they were susceptible while 55 strains were intermediate having MIC 2µg/ml. No strain was however, found resistant to ciprofloxacin according as per the CLSI 2011. As per the CLSI 2012 revised ciprofloxacin break points for disc diffusion and MIC for salmonella species. According to CLSI 2012 interpretive criteria, on disk diffusion testing 13 isolates were sensitive, 13 were resistant and 74 were intermediate to ciprofloxacin. On MIC, 55 strains were resistant showing MIC ≥1µg/ml and 45 isolates were intermediate showing MIC 0.125-0.5µg/ml. No isolate was found sensitive to ciprofloxacin according to CLSI 2012 interpretive criteria.Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study showed the value of nalidixic acid susceptibility as an indirect but a certain marker of ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Nalidixic acid resistant showed increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by agar dilution method.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47373381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: There are many experiences in the operation theatre professionals to get Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Human immunodeficiency virus during their profession in operating room due to accidental needle pricks or through cut by any sharp. The objective of this study is to find out the Frequency of parenteral exposure and seroprevelence of HBV, HCV and HIV among operating room personnel.Methodology: Frequency of parenteral exposure and seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among operating room personnel was found using ICT method.Results: All 108 (100 %) operating room personnel were HBV, HCV and HIV negative, none of them showed positive results. Among these 108 operating room personnel to complete my research, among these 58 (53.7%) were male and 50 (46.3%) were female.Conclusion: It is concluded by the study that there are no positive cases of HBV, HCV and HIV among operating room personnel in Gulab devi hospital and Masood hospital.
{"title":"Frequency of Parenternal Exposure and Seroprevelence of HBV, HCV and HIV among Operating Room Personnel","authors":"Q. Ullah, Usman Ali Rehman, A. Hanif, S. Bhatti","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.36","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are many experiences in the operation theatre professionals to get Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Human immunodeficiency virus during their profession in operating room due to accidental needle pricks or through cut by any sharp. The objective of this study is to find out the Frequency of parenteral exposure and seroprevelence of HBV, HCV and HIV among operating room personnel.Methodology: Frequency of parenteral exposure and seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among operating room personnel was found using ICT method.Results: All 108 (100 %) operating room personnel were HBV, HCV and HIV negative, none of them showed positive results. Among these 108 operating room personnel to complete my research, among these 58 (53.7%) were male and 50 (46.3%) were female.Conclusion: It is concluded by the study that there are no positive cases of HBV, HCV and HIV among operating room personnel in Gulab devi hospital and Masood hospital.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48127673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Saba, Q. Ullah, Usman Ali Rehman, A. Hanif, S. Bhatti
Background: A facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in a sterile environment is an operating theatre also known as an operating suite, operation theatre or operation suite. In past, the operation theatre was a place where there was an educational setting have had raised tables or chairs at the centre for performing operations surrounded by several rows of seats for students and other spectators to observe the case in progress. The objective of this research is that to better the efficacy of sterilization of operation theatre to reduce the surgical site infection and contamination at highest level.Methodology: Data was collected from surgical department of Gulab Devi Chest Hospital. Carbolization was employed to disinfect operating room and fumigation to sterilize. After neutralization with ammonia, culture swabs were collected from OT table, OT light, OT floor, OT wall, anaesthesia machine and OT trolley. Efficacy of fumigation was concluded using statistical tools.Results: There were no positive results prior and even after the fumigation.Conclusion: There was no organism growth in OT. There was no evidence of Escherichia coli,Proteus Mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. faecalis, Coagulase negative staph and Salmonella choleraesius.
{"title":"Frequency of Different Organism in Nosocomial Swabs using Surface Method Fumigation with Formaldehyde in Operation Theatre","authors":"R. Saba, Q. Ullah, Usman Ali Rehman, A. Hanif, S. Bhatti","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.37","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in a sterile environment is an operating theatre also known as an operating suite, operation theatre or operation suite. In past, the operation theatre was a place where there was an educational setting have had raised tables or chairs at the centre for performing operations surrounded by several rows of seats for students and other spectators to observe the case in progress. The objective of this research is that to better the efficacy of sterilization of operation theatre to reduce the surgical site infection and contamination at highest level.Methodology: Data was collected from surgical department of Gulab Devi Chest Hospital. Carbolization was employed to disinfect operating room and fumigation to sterilize. After neutralization with ammonia, culture swabs were collected from OT table, OT light, OT floor, OT wall, anaesthesia machine and OT trolley. Efficacy of fumigation was concluded using statistical tools.Results: There were no positive results prior and even after the fumigation.Conclusion: There was no organism growth in OT. There was no evidence of Escherichia coli,Proteus Mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. faecalis, Coagulase negative staph and Salmonella choleraesius.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43112209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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