Background: Cerebrovascular ischemic cases are 3rd leading cause of fatality and neurologic dysfunction in adults. Atherosclerotic lesions outside the carotid cranial circulation are main cause of cerebral ischemia in almost 10-20 percent cases and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been proved beneficial for patients with severe carotid artery stenosis to prevent acute cerebrovascular events. Current study is conducted to assess the short-term outcomes of carotid endarterectomy among patients in terms of morbidities and mortalities at our institution during the study period. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi during August 2019 to July 2021 to analyze the short-term outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with primary closure. All the patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with primary closure during study duration were included in the study. Patients who received selective shunting if Electro Encephalogram (EEG) changes noted were excluded from study. Data was collected after taking verbal consent by using preformed questionnaire. Frequency of morbidities like bleeding, infection, stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIA), myocardial infarction, repeat operation and revision with stent were noted within postoperative period of one month. Frequency of mortalities in one-month postoperative period among patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy was also calculated. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Results: Total 198 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy with primary closure during study duration were included in the study. Age range of the study participants was between 35 to 80 years. Male patients were 107 (54.04%). The comorbidities evaluated in the study participants showed that 172 (86.87%) patients were hypertensive and 73 (36.87%) has diabetes mellitus. The most frequent postoperative morbidities among patients were bleeding and repeat operation. Conclusion: It is concluded that carotid endarterectomy with primary closure is a safe and effective surgical means of stroke prevention.
{"title":"Outcomes of Carotid Endarterectomy with Primary Closure","authors":"Aamir Javid","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v5i2.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v5i2.385","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cerebrovascular ischemic cases are 3rd leading cause of fatality and neurologic dysfunction in adults. Atherosclerotic lesions outside the carotid cranial circulation are main cause of cerebral ischemia in almost 10-20 percent cases and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been proved beneficial for patients with severe carotid artery stenosis to prevent acute cerebrovascular events. Current study is conducted to assess the short-term outcomes of carotid endarterectomy among patients in terms of morbidities and mortalities at our institution during the study period.\u0000Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi during August 2019 to July 2021 to analyze the short-term outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with primary closure. All the patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with primary closure during study duration were included in the study. Patients who received selective shunting if Electro Encephalogram (EEG) changes noted were excluded from study. Data was collected after taking verbal consent by using preformed questionnaire. Frequency of morbidities like bleeding, infection, stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIA), myocardial infarction, repeat operation and revision with stent were noted within postoperative period of one month. Frequency of mortalities in one-month postoperative period among patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy was also calculated. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 22.\u0000Results: Total 198 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy with primary closure during study duration were included in the study. Age range of the study participants was between 35 to 80 years. Male patients were 107 (54.04%). The comorbidities evaluated in the study participants showed that 172 (86.87%) patients were hypertensive and 73 (36.87%) has diabetes mellitus. The most frequent postoperative morbidities among patients were bleeding and repeat operation.\u0000Conclusion: It is concluded that carotid endarterectomy with primary closure is a safe and effective surgical means of stroke prevention.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43467617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ilyas, Masooma Ahmad, Huma Jawad, Nazia Siddique, Lubna Shahper, Muhammad Hashim Ghouri
Background: Energy drinks (EDs) are commonly used to prevent fatigue, enhance physical, and cognitive performance. Its administration induces toxic effects in body. Omega-3 is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that helps in proper functioning of immune system. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the morphological effects of fish oil omega 3 fatty acids (Eicosapentaenoic acid / Docosahexaenoic acid) on energy drink induced ovarian cytotoxicity in adult female albino rats. Methods: The study was conducted at animal house, Anatomy department, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from January to march 2019. ARRIVE guidelines were followed for conduct of animal study. Ethical approval was obtained from PGMI, Lahore and Advanced Studies and Research Board of University of Health Sciences, Lahore. The study comprised 36 adult female albino rats divided into 3 groups i.e., control, energy drink and omega 3 treated. Rats were sacrificed, ovaries extracted, and sections were stained with H&E and PAS. SPSS version 21.0 were used. Results: Statistically significant difference was present in gross parameters between the control and experimental groups. Energy drink administration caused a decrease in diameter of mature graafian follicle and diameter of the oocyte. Disruption in basement membrane was more pronounced in Energy drink treated group. Conclusion: Energy drinks were found to cause cytotoxic effects on ovarian and oocyte morphology, ultimately leading to infertility. Omega 3 reduces the extent of damage caused by the intake of energy drinks.
{"title":"Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Energy Drink Induced Ovarian Cytotoxicity in Adult Female Albino Rats:","authors":"M. Ilyas, Masooma Ahmad, Huma Jawad, Nazia Siddique, Lubna Shahper, Muhammad Hashim Ghouri","doi":"10.37978/TIJFS.V5I1.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/TIJFS.V5I1.329","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Energy drinks (EDs) are commonly used to prevent fatigue, enhance physical, and cognitive performance. Its administration induces toxic effects in body. Omega-3 is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that helps in proper functioning of immune system. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the morphological effects of fish oil omega 3 fatty acids (Eicosapentaenoic acid / Docosahexaenoic acid) on energy drink induced ovarian cytotoxicity in adult female albino rats.\u0000Methods: The study was conducted at animal house, Anatomy department, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from January to march 2019. ARRIVE guidelines were followed for conduct of animal study. Ethical approval was obtained from PGMI, Lahore and Advanced Studies and Research Board of University of Health Sciences, Lahore. The study comprised 36 adult female albino rats divided into 3 groups i.e., control, energy drink and omega 3 treated. Rats were sacrificed, ovaries extracted, and sections were stained with H&E and PAS. SPSS version 21.0 were used.\u0000Results: Statistically significant difference was present in gross parameters between the control and experimental groups. Energy drink administration caused a decrease in diameter of mature graafian follicle and diameter of the oocyte. Disruption in basement membrane was more pronounced in Energy drink treated group.\u0000Conclusion: Energy drinks were found to cause cytotoxic effects on ovarian and oocyte morphology, ultimately leading to infertility. Omega 3 reduces the extent of damage caused by the intake of energy drinks.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43560874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Nadeem, M. Qaisar, Ali Hassan Al Hakami, F. Chattah, M. Muzammil, M. K. Ameer
Background: The mean arterial pressure serves as an expression of blood pressure in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Serum calcium phosphorus product is considered as a risk factor of vascular calcification that is associated with hypertension in the patients of end stage renal disease. The literature regarding this relationship is inconsistent therefore this study is designed to determine the correlation between calcium phosphorus product and mean arterial pressure among hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease. Methods: A total of 110 patients of end stage renal disease on hemodialysis for at least one year, 20 to 60 years of age were included. Patients with primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, peripheral vascular disease, malignancy, hypertension secondary to any cause other than kidney disease were excluded. Mean arterial pressure was calculated according to the standard protocol in lying position. Blood samples for estimation of serum calcium and phosphorous were taken and was sent immediately to the laboratory for serum analysis. Results: Mean age was 44.17 ± 10.94 years. Mean calcium phosphorous product was 46.71 ± 7.36 mg/dl and mean arterial pressure was 103.61 ± 12.77 mmHg. The values of Pearson correlation co-efficient (r) were 0.863 for age group 20 to 40 years and 0.589 for age group 41 to 60 years. This strong positive correlation means that high calcium phosphorous product goes with high mean arterial pressure (and vice versa) for both the age groups. Conclusion: A strong positive relationship exists between the mean arterial pressure and calcium phosphorous product and is independent of patients’ age.
{"title":"Correlation between Calcium Phosphorus Product and Mean Arterial Pressure among Hemodialysis Patients with End Stage Renal Disease","authors":"Muhammad Nadeem, M. Qaisar, Ali Hassan Al Hakami, F. Chattah, M. Muzammil, M. K. Ameer","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v5i1.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v5i1.324","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The mean arterial pressure serves as an expression of blood pressure in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Serum calcium phosphorus product is considered as a risk factor of vascular calcification that is associated with hypertension in the patients of end stage renal disease. The literature regarding this relationship is inconsistent therefore this study is designed to determine the correlation between calcium phosphorus product and mean arterial pressure among hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease. \u0000Methods: A total of 110 patients of end stage renal disease on hemodialysis for at least one year, 20 to 60 years of age were included. Patients with primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, peripheral vascular disease, malignancy, hypertension secondary to any cause other than kidney disease were excluded. Mean arterial pressure was calculated according to the standard protocol in lying position. Blood samples for estimation of serum calcium and phosphorous were taken and was sent immediately to the laboratory for serum analysis. \u0000Results: Mean age was 44.17 ± 10.94 years. Mean calcium phosphorous product was 46.71 ± 7.36 mg/dl and mean arterial pressure was 103.61 ± 12.77 mmHg. The values of Pearson correlation co-efficient (r) were 0.863 for age group 20 to 40 years and 0.589 for age group 41 to 60 years. This strong positive correlation means that high calcium phosphorous product goes with high mean arterial pressure (and vice versa) for both the age groups. \u0000Conclusion: A strong positive relationship exists between the mean arterial pressure and calcium phosphorous product and is independent of patients’ age.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42805345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pakistan is one of the largest host of refugees. People in Pakistan have bad access to healthcare not only due to bad facilities but also due to discrimination based on their personal characteristics and possessions. The behavior not only damages the dignity of the people being targeted but also creates hindrances in further seeking professional medical help and follow-ups thus deteriorating the health status of the community as a whole. Health providers possess a moral commitment to encourage dignity and treat their patients without any kind of discrimination in their behavior. Patient experiences of discrimination result in delay in seeking healthcare, they do not stick to advice of professionals and ultimately poor health. The objective of this study is to identify sources of discrimination and its effects on patients' health status and their level of satisfaction. Methods: This descriptive study took place in Outdoor Patient Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. 170 patients were selected from all the patients coming to OPD with equal male to female ratio. Each patient was given a questionnaire containing relevant questions to know whether they faced any sort of discriminatory behavior or not. Results: 66% females and 49% males of the study sample experienced discrimination at some stage of their hospital visit. Conclusion: Our study concluded that females experienced more discrimination than males. Therefore, gender is the most important factor when it comes to discriminatory experiences. Moreover, people with the higher income had fewer incidents of discrimination than their counterparts.
{"title":"A critical analysis of individual patient factors in gaining access to healthcare","authors":"M. Naveed, Ghulam Mustafa Asim, Muhammad Tahir","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v5i1.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v5i1.323","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pakistan is one of the largest host of refugees. People in Pakistan have bad access to healthcare not only due to bad facilities but also due to discrimination based on their personal characteristics and possessions. The behavior not only damages the dignity of the people being targeted but also creates hindrances in further seeking professional medical help and follow-ups thus deteriorating the health status of the community as a whole. Health providers possess a moral commitment to encourage dignity and treat their patients without any kind of discrimination in their behavior. Patient experiences of discrimination result in delay in seeking healthcare, they do not stick to advice of professionals and ultimately poor health. The objective of this study is to identify sources of discrimination and its effects on patients' health status and their level of satisfaction. \u0000Methods: This descriptive study took place in Outdoor Patient Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. 170 patients were selected from all the patients coming to OPD with equal male to female ratio. Each patient was given a questionnaire containing relevant questions to know whether they faced any sort of discriminatory behavior or not. \u0000Results: 66% females and 49% males of the study sample experienced discrimination at some stage of their hospital visit. \u0000Conclusion: Our study concluded that females experienced more discrimination than males. Therefore, gender is the most important factor when it comes to discriminatory experiences. Moreover, people with the higher income had fewer incidents of discrimination than their counterparts.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48726312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The outcome for this neurosurgical problem is still far from set target in many developing countries like Pakistan. Major proportion of cases presenting with EDH in hospital still has poor outcome. This poor outcome of EDH is attributed to many factors including weak health systems of most developing countries. Objective of study was to analyze factors influencing outcome among patients of head injury with an extradural hematoma before surgery admitted in neurosurgery department of Dera Ghazi Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in neurosurgery department of Dera Ghazi Khan Medical College from January 2019 to December 2019 after ethical approval. All the patients with extradural hematoma of either gender admitted in the department during the study duration in which surgery was performed to evacuate extradural hematoma were included in the study. Data was collected by using preformed, pretested questionnaire. A vital signs and Glasgow coma scale record was maintained at thirty minutes interval. Computerized tomography was done in every patient. The EDH volume was calculated by using Peterson and Epperson equation a x b x c x 0.5. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Chi square test was applied to observe any statistically significant difference between various strata if existed and p value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Total 237 patients with Extradural Hematoma (EDH) were admitted in neurosurgery department during the study period were included in study. More than half 136 (57.4%) patients were more or equal to the age of 18 years. Majority of the patients 218 (91.9%) in the study were male. Major cause of extradural hematoma among patients in this study was road traffic accident 154 (64.9%). The outcome of EDH was found to be significantly (p <0.001) associated with age of patients. More than ninety percent of the patients who were directly admitted to tertiary care hospital has good outcome as compared to 109 (60.2%) patients which were referred and difference in outcome was statistically significant (p<0.001). The volume of EDH is not significantly associated with the outcome (p=0.090). The GSC score of the patients at the time of admission is significantly associated with the outcome (p<0.001). Study findings showed that GCS score of the patients at the time of surgery was also found to be significantly associated with outcome of EDH (p<0.001). Conclusion: There is a strong association of outcome in extradural hematoma with age, gender and GCS of the patient. In higher GCS the outcome was excellent but in low GCS the outcome was poor.
背景：在巴基斯坦等许多发展中国家，这一神经外科问题的结果仍远未达到既定目标。大部分在医院表现为EDH的病例仍然预后不佳。EDH的这种糟糕结果归因于许多因素，包括大多数发展中国家的卫生系统薄弱。本研究的目的是分析影响德拉加齐汗医学院神经外科手术前头部损伤合并硬膜外血肿患者预后的因素。材料和方法：经伦理批准，本横断面分析研究于2019年1月至2019年12月在德拉加齐汗医学院神经外科进行。在进行硬膜外血肿清除手术的研究期间，该科收治的所有硬膜外血肿患者，无论性别，均包括在研究中。数据是通过预先准备的、预先测试的问卷收集的。生命体征和格拉斯哥昏迷量表记录保持在30分钟间隔。每个病人都做了电脑断层扫描。EDH体积通过使用Peterson和Epperson方程a x b x c x 0.5计算。数据输入并使用SPSS版本22进行分析。应用卡方检验观察不同地层之间是否存在统计学上的显著差异，p值<0.05为显著。结果：研究期间共有237例硬膜外血肿（EDH）患者入住神经外科。超过一半的136名（57.4%）患者年龄在18岁以上。218名患者（91.9%）为男性。在本研究中，患者硬膜外血肿的主要原因是道路交通事故154（64.9%）。EDH的结果与患者年龄显著相关（p＜0.001）。与109名（60.2%）转诊患者相比，90%以上直接入住三级护理医院的患者预后良好，预后差异具有统计学意义（p＜0.001）。EDH量与预后无显著相关性（p＝0.090）。患者入院时的GSC评分与研究结果显示，患者在手术时的GCS评分也与EDH的结果显著相关（p<0.001）。结论：硬膜外血肿的结果与患者的年龄、性别和GCS密切相关。GCS较高的患者预后良好，但GCS较低的患者预后较差。
{"title":"Factors influencing Outcome of Extradural Hematoma in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan","authors":"Liaqat Jalal, A. Khan, M. Farooq, Muhammad Nouman","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v5i2.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v5i2.309","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The outcome for this neurosurgical problem is still far from set target in many developing countries like Pakistan. Major proportion of cases presenting with EDH in hospital still has poor outcome. This poor outcome of EDH is attributed to many factors including weak health systems of most developing countries. Objective of study was to analyze factors influencing outcome among patients of head injury with an extradural hematoma before surgery admitted in neurosurgery department of Dera Ghazi Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan. \u0000Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in neurosurgery department of Dera Ghazi Khan Medical College from January 2019 to December 2019 after ethical approval. All the patients with extradural hematoma of either gender admitted in the department during the study duration in which surgery was performed to evacuate extradural hematoma were included in the study. Data was collected by using preformed, pretested questionnaire. A vital signs and Glasgow coma scale record was maintained at thirty minutes interval. Computerized tomography was done in every patient. The EDH volume was calculated by using Peterson and Epperson equation a x b x c x 0.5. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Chi square test was applied to observe any statistically significant difference between various strata if existed and p value <0.05 was taken as significant. \u0000Results: Total 237 patients with Extradural Hematoma (EDH) were admitted in neurosurgery department during the study period were included in study. More than half 136 (57.4%) patients were more or equal to the age of 18 years. Majority of the patients 218 (91.9%) in the study were male. Major cause of extradural hematoma among patients in this study was road traffic accident 154 (64.9%). The outcome of EDH was found to be significantly (p <0.001) associated with age of patients. More than ninety percent of the patients who were directly admitted to tertiary care hospital has good outcome as compared to 109 (60.2%) patients which were referred and difference in outcome was statistically significant (p<0.001). The volume of EDH is not significantly associated with the outcome (p=0.090). The GSC score of the patients at the time of admission is significantly associated with the outcome (p<0.001). Study findings showed that GCS score of the patients at the time of surgery was also found to be significantly associated with outcome of EDH (p<0.001). \u0000Conclusion: There is a strong association of outcome in extradural hematoma with age, gender and GCS of the patient. In higher GCS the outcome was excellent but in low GCS the outcome was poor.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45388490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mah Rukh, M. Khalid, Mahrukh Nadeem, Mahreen Saeed, Mahroo, Muhammad Hashim Ghouri
Background: Hepatitis is a major health issue. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of medical students regarding hepatitis B and C. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from March, 2018 to May, 2018. 310 medical students from Allama Iqbal Medical College participated. KAP towards Hepatitis B and C was assessed by using a pre-validated questionnaire. Association of gender and year of study was established with KAP of respondents. Also, associations of knowledge with attitude and practices were also established using Chi-square test taking ≤0.05 as standard p-value. SPSS version 21.0 was used. Results: 269 (86.77%) out of 310 distributed questionnaires were received. 116 (43.1%) respondents fell in age group 16-20, 150 (55.8%) in 21-25 years while 3 respondents (1.1%) were 25 year and above. 146 (54.3%) respondents were females and 123 (45.7) respondents were male. There were 54 (20.1%) respondents from first year, 59 (21.9%) respondents from second year, 53 (19.7%) respondents from third year, 55 (20.4%) respondents from fourth year and 48 (17.8%) respondents from final year. 132 (90.4%) female respondents and 98 (79.7%) male respondents had good knowledge regarding hepatitis B and C. No significant relationship was established between gender of respondents with their attitude and practices. As for relationship of knowledge of respondents with their attitude and practices, no significant association could be established. Conclusion: Overall, the medical students have adequate knowledge, sensible attitude but unsatisfactory practices in regards to Hepatitis B and C.
{"title":"An Institutional Review of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Medical Students Regarding Hepatitis B and C: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Mah Rukh, M. Khalid, Mahrukh Nadeem, Mahreen Saeed, Mahroo, Muhammad Hashim Ghouri","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v5i2.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v5i2.302","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis is a major health issue. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of medical students regarding hepatitis B and C. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from March, 2018 to May, 2018. 310 medical students from Allama Iqbal Medical College participated. KAP towards Hepatitis B and C was assessed by using a pre-validated questionnaire. Association of gender and year of study was established with KAP of respondents. Also, associations of knowledge with attitude and practices were also established using Chi-square test taking ≤0.05 as standard p-value. SPSS version 21.0 was used. Results: 269 (86.77%) out of 310 distributed questionnaires were received. 116 (43.1%) respondents fell in age group 16-20, 150 (55.8%) in 21-25 years while 3 respondents (1.1%) were 25 year and above. 146 (54.3%) respondents were females and 123 (45.7) respondents were male. There were 54 (20.1%) respondents from first year, 59 (21.9%) respondents from second year, 53 (19.7%) respondents from third year, 55 (20.4%) respondents from fourth year and 48 (17.8%) respondents from final year. 132 (90.4%) female respondents and 98 (79.7%) male respondents had good knowledge regarding hepatitis B and C. No significant relationship was established between gender of respondents with their attitude and practices. As for relationship of knowledge of respondents with their attitude and practices, no significant association could be established. Conclusion: Overall, the medical students have adequate knowledge, sensible attitude but unsatisfactory practices in regards to Hepatitis B and C.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41849544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Sarfraz, A. Sarfraz, Hafiza Hussain, F. Jabeen, Arham Nadeem, Shahar Bano, R. Kharal, Farah Zulfiqar, Sania Tariq, Zainab Fatima, M. Zafar
Background: Pakistan established the Punjab healthcare commission to improve patient care catering to professional accountability in the public and private sectors. As per the World Health Organization, quality of care comprises of six dimensions where the care must be effective, efficient, accessible, patient-centered, equitable, and safe. Objectives: The objectives are to determine if patients are satisfied with the quality of services in public and private sectors, or if any neglect was present. Methods: The literature on patient care and satisfaction was compiled using a scoping review methodology. PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus were used to collate information. Duplicates were removed using Endnote X9. Results: Of the 467 abstracts and titles that were screened for relevance, 74 were considered for full-text review and potential inclusion in the scoping review. Out of 16 included studies, 7 (43.8%) of the included studies originated from Pakistan. The characteristics of included studies such as quality of care and patient satisfaction are tabulated. Conclusion: Current literature does not provide quality- and satisfaction- focused studies, and has methodological discrepancies. It is required that the medical profession adopt a sense of self-monitoring. Gaps in service provision must be addressed by healthcare managers, policymakers, and physicians in Pakistan.
{"title":"Determinants of Patient Care and Satisfaction in Pakistan- A Scoping Review","authors":"Z. Sarfraz, A. Sarfraz, Hafiza Hussain, F. Jabeen, Arham Nadeem, Shahar Bano, R. Kharal, Farah Zulfiqar, Sania Tariq, Zainab Fatima, M. Zafar","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v5i2.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v5i2.301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pakistan established the Punjab healthcare commission to improve patient care catering to professional accountability in the public and private sectors. As per the World Health Organization, quality of care comprises of six dimensions where the care must be effective, efficient, accessible, patient-centered, equitable, and safe. Objectives: The objectives are to determine if patients are satisfied with the quality of services in public and private sectors, or if any neglect was present. Methods: The literature on patient care and satisfaction was compiled using a scoping review methodology. PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus were used to collate information. Duplicates were removed using Endnote X9. Results: Of the 467 abstracts and titles that were screened for relevance, 74 were considered for full-text review and potential inclusion in the scoping review. Out of 16 included studies, 7 (43.8%) of the included studies originated from Pakistan. The characteristics of included studies such as quality of care and patient satisfaction are tabulated. Conclusion: Current literature does not provide quality- and satisfaction- focused studies, and has methodological discrepancies. It is required that the medical profession adopt a sense of self-monitoring. Gaps in service provision must be addressed by healthcare managers, policymakers, and physicians in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46616278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effects of COVID-19 and lockdown on OPD services. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at District Headquarter Hospital (DHQ) and Tehsil Headquarter (THQ) Hospitals of District Layyah. The data was collected from one DHQ hospital and six THQ hospitals. The OPD data of three years (the years 2018 to 2020) was extracted from District Health Information System (DHIS). Trends of outpatients’ flow during months of March and April of three years were taken. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic was declared by World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, and all countries started lockdown nationwide which imposed a major impact on all areas of life. Fear of coronavirus spread and lockdown resulted in significant reduction in number of patients at outdoor services. In our study, we analyzed outdoor services of seven hospitals of district Layyah - one DHQ hospital and six THQ hospitals. Conclusion: Fear of coronavirus spread and lockdown resulted in significant reduction in number of patients at outdoor services.
目的:本研究的目的是评估COVID-19和封锁对门诊服务的影响。材料与方法:在Layyah区总部医院(DHQ)和Tehsil总部医院(THQ)进行横断面研究。数据从一家DHQ医院和六家THQ医院收集。从区卫生信息系统(DHIS)中提取2018 - 2020年3年的门诊数据。取3年3月和4月的门诊流量趋势。数据采用SPSS version 24进行分析。结果:2020年3月11日，世界卫生组织宣布新冠肺炎大流行，各国开始在全国范围内实施封锁，对生活的各个领域都产生了重大影响。对冠状病毒传播的恐惧和封锁导致户外服务的患者人数大幅减少。在我们的研究中，我们分析了七家医院的户外服务-一家DHQ医院和六家THQ医院。结论:对冠状病毒传播的恐惧和封锁导致户外服务的患者人数大幅减少。
{"title":"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Utilization of Outdoor Services at Secondary Care Hospitals of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Atiq-ur Rahman, M. Imran, Z. Yasmeen, M. Irshad","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v4i2.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v4i2.255","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effects of COVID-19 and lockdown on OPD services. \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at District Headquarter Hospital (DHQ) and Tehsil Headquarter (THQ) Hospitals of District Layyah. The data was collected from one DHQ hospital and six THQ hospitals. The OPD data of three years (the years 2018 to 2020) was extracted from District Health Information System (DHIS). Trends of outpatients’ flow during months of March and April of three years were taken. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. \u0000RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic was declared by World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, and all countries started lockdown nationwide which imposed a major impact on all areas of life. Fear of coronavirus spread and lockdown resulted in significant reduction in number of patients at outdoor services. In our study, we analyzed outdoor services of seven hospitals of district Layyah - one DHQ hospital and six THQ hospitals. \u0000Conclusion: Fear of coronavirus spread and lockdown resulted in significant reduction in number of patients at outdoor services.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69949891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.07.20121939
A. Chaudhry, A. Ikram, M. Baig, M. Salman, Tamkeen Ghafoor, Hussain Zakir, M. Khan, J. Ansari, Asif Syed, W. Javed, E. Larik, M. Mohsan, N. Masood, Zeeshan Iqbal, K. Akram
Introduction: COVID-19, a novel disease, appeared in December 2019 in China and rapidly spread across the world. Till the second week of April 2020, high incidence (2.9/100,000) and cases fatality rates (1.7%) were observed in Pakistan. This study was conducted to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of the first 100 deaths attributed to COVID-19 in Pakistan and their associated demographic factors. Method: We conducted a descriptive epidemiological analysis of the first 100 deaths reported among RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases. Demographic, epidemiological, and risk factors information was obtained associated comorbidities and clinical signs and symptoms were recorded and frequencies were determined. Results: A total of 100 mortalities with overall Case Fatality Rate 1.67% (CFR) were analysed. Median age of patients was 64.5 years (IQR: 54-70) with 75% (n=75) Males. Among all deaths reported, 71 (71%) cases had one or more documented comorbidities at the time of diagnosis. Most frequently reported co-morbidities were; hypertension (67 %), followed by Diabetes Mellitus 945%) and Ischemic Heart Diseases (27%). First death was reported on 18 March 2020 and the most frequent presenting symptoms were shortness of breath (87%) and fever (79%). Median duration of illness was eight days (IQR: 4-11 days), the median delay reaching hospital to seek health care was three days (IQR: 0-6 days) while median duration of hospital stay was also three days (IQR: 1-7 days). Among all reported deaths, 62% were attributed to local transmission as these cases had no history of international travel. The most affected age group was 60-69 years while no death reported in age group below 20 years. Conclusion: High CFR among old age group and its association with co-morbidities (chronic disease) suggests targeted interventions such as social distancing and strict quarantine measure for elderly and morbid people. Comparative studies among deaths and recovered patients are recommended to explore further disease dynamics. Key words: COVID-19, Cases Fatality Rates, Co-morbidities, Epidemiology, Pakistan, Co-morbidities
{"title":"Mortality Analysis of COVID-19 Confirmed cases in Pakistan","authors":"A. Chaudhry, A. Ikram, M. Baig, M. Salman, Tamkeen Ghafoor, Hussain Zakir, M. Khan, J. Ansari, Asif Syed, W. Javed, E. Larik, M. Mohsan, N. Masood, Zeeshan Iqbal, K. Akram","doi":"10.1101/2020.06.07.20121939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.07.20121939","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19, a novel disease, appeared in December 2019 in China and rapidly spread across the world. Till the second week of April 2020, high incidence (2.9/100,000) and cases fatality rates (1.7%) were observed in Pakistan. This study was conducted to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of the first 100 deaths attributed to COVID-19 in Pakistan and their associated demographic factors. Method: We conducted a descriptive epidemiological analysis of the first 100 deaths reported among RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases. Demographic, epidemiological, and risk factors information was obtained associated comorbidities and clinical signs and symptoms were recorded and frequencies were determined. Results: A total of 100 mortalities with overall Case Fatality Rate 1.67% (CFR) were analysed. Median age of patients was 64.5 years (IQR: 54-70) with 75% (n=75) Males. Among all deaths reported, 71 (71%) cases had one or more documented comorbidities at the time of diagnosis. Most frequently reported co-morbidities were; hypertension (67 %), followed by Diabetes Mellitus 945%) and Ischemic Heart Diseases (27%). First death was reported on 18 March 2020 and the most frequent presenting symptoms were shortness of breath (87%) and fever (79%). Median duration of illness was eight days (IQR: 4-11 days), the median delay reaching hospital to seek health care was three days (IQR: 0-6 days) while median duration of hospital stay was also three days (IQR: 1-7 days). Among all reported deaths, 62% were attributed to local transmission as these cases had no history of international travel. The most affected age group was 60-69 years while no death reported in age group below 20 years. Conclusion: High CFR among old age group and its association with co-morbidities (chronic disease) suggests targeted interventions such as social distancing and strict quarantine measure for elderly and morbid people. Comparative studies among deaths and recovered patients are recommended to explore further disease dynamics. Key words: COVID-19, Cases Fatality Rates, Co-morbidities, Epidemiology, Pakistan, Co-morbidities","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46815115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department of Punjab, Pakistan has outsourced its clinical laboratory services at various secondary level hospitals in the province. Methodology adapted to outsource these facilities was based on phasing out the process. While methodology adapted to selection of service provider was on the basis of bidding. Two service providers contracted the procuring agency to deliver services to general public. In the first phase, clinical laboratory services of DHQ Hospital Chakwal were outsourced to a private laboratory service of the country. This communication aims on the methods adopted by Pathology Department of the hospital to evaluate the technical efficiency of the service.
{"title":"Evaluation of Clinical Laboratory Performance as a Procuring Agency","authors":"M. Akhtar, Taslim Rubab, Ummair Mehmood","doi":"10.37978/tijfs.v3i2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v3i2.56","url":null,"abstract":"Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department of Punjab, Pakistan has outsourced its clinical laboratory services at various secondary level hospitals in the province. Methodology adapted to outsource these facilities was based on phasing out the process. While methodology adapted to selection of service provider was on the basis of bidding. Two service providers contracted the procuring agency to deliver services to general public. In the first phase, clinical laboratory services of DHQ Hospital Chakwal were outsourced to a private laboratory service of the country. This communication aims on the methods adopted by Pathology Department of the hospital to evaluate the technical efficiency of the service.","PeriodicalId":33951,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Frontier Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42817771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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