Brain Hemorrhages最新文献

Fatal complication unveiled: analyzing intracerebral hemorrhage risk after CAR-T therapy in hematologic malignancies 致命并发症揭示：分析血液系统恶性肿瘤CAR-T治疗后脑出血的风险

IF 1.3 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Brain Hemorrhages

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2025.07.007

Sijia Yan , Xi Ming , Jiaying Wu, Xiaojian Zhu, Mi Zhou, Yi Xiao

Objective

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has demonstrated significant efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, yet it can lead to severe complications. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), although rare, is a particularly lethal outcome. Current research on the risk factors and underlying mechanisms of ICH post-CAR-T therapy remains limited.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed 10 cases of ICH among 2255 patients who underwent CAR-T therapy at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from January 2015 to December 2024. We collected data on baseline characteristics, CAR-T treatment parameters, inflammatory markers, coagulation function, and clinical outcomes.

Results

The incidence of ICH was 0.44 %, with the median time to onset being 25 days following infusion. All affected patients exhibited thrombocytopenia, and 80 % experienced coagulopathy. Levels of C-reactive protein and Interleukin-6 were significantly elevated before and after treatment. The mortality rate was 90 %, with nine patients succumbing to respiratory and circulatory failure associated with ICH.

Conclusion

The development of ICH after CAR-T therapy is strongly linked to thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and the inflammatory response triggered by cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Early identification and proactive management of high-risk patients could potentially improve outcomes. Further prospective studies are necessary to confirm risk prediction models and enhance therapeutic strategies.

目的嵌合抗原受体T （CAR-T）细胞疗法在血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗中已显示出显著的疗效，但它可能导致严重的并发症。颅内出血（ICH）虽然罕见，但却是一种特别致命的结果。目前对car - t治疗后脑出血的危险因素和潜在机制的研究仍然有限。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2024年12月在武汉市同济医院接受CAR-T治疗的2255例脑出血患者中的10例。我们收集了基线特征、CAR-T治疗参数、炎症标志物、凝血功能和临床结果的数据。结果脑出血发生率为0.44%，输注后中位发病时间为25 d。所有患者均表现为血小板减少，80%出现凝血功能障碍。治疗前后c反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6水平均显著升高。死亡率为90%，其中9例患者死于脑出血相关的呼吸和循环衰竭。结论CAR-T治疗后脑出血的发生与血小板减少、凝血功能障碍和细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）引发的炎症反应密切相关。早期识别和积极管理高危患者可能会改善预后。需要进一步的前瞻性研究来确认风险预测模型和改进治疗策略。

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引用次数: 0

Ultra-early hematoma growth predicts gastrointestinal bleeding after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage 超早期血肿生长预测自发性脑出血后胃肠道出血

IF 1.3 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Brain Hemorrhages

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2025.07.001

Yan Fu , Xiao Hu , Xiao-San Wu , Lei Zhu , Meng-Qiu Zhang , Yun-He Xia , Fang-Jian Zhu , Zi-Jie Wang , Chuan-Qin Fang , Qi Li

Objective

Ultra-early hematoma growth (uHG) has been shown to predict hematoma expansion (HE) and poor outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. Gastrointestinal bleeding, a severe ICH complication, has been found to correlate with hematoma volumes. This study analyzes the correlation between uHG and the risk of post-ICH gastrointestinal bleeding.

Method

We prospectively recruited consecutive ICH patients. uHG was identified as the hematoma volume on the baseline computed tomography (CT) scan, divided by time from onset to CT (ml/h). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models identified risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding. Predictive models were formulated and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

Our study involved 138 patients, and 52 (37.7 %) had gastrointestinal bleeding after ICH. Multivariate analysis revealed uHG (aOR: 1.061; 95 % CI: 1.002–1.123; p = 0.041) as an independent predictor of gastrointestinal bleeding in ICH patients. uHG also correlated significantly with 90-day outcomes (aOR: 1.109; 95 % CI: 1.012–1.215; p = 0.026). ROC analysis showed the uHG − incorporated predictive model had strong predictive power for gastrointestinal bleeding.

Conclusion

uHG was linked to higher risks of gastrointestinal bleeding and 90-day poor outcomes among primary ICH patients.

目的超早期血肿生长（uHG）已被证明可预测脑出血（ICH）患者血肿扩张（HE）和预后不良。胃肠道出血，一种严重的脑出血并发症，已被发现与血肿体积相关。本研究分析了uHG与脑出血后消化道出血风险的相关性。方法前瞻性招募连续的脑出血患者。uHG被确定为基线计算机断层扫描（CT）上的血肿体积，除以从发病到CT的时间（ml/h）。单因素和多因素logistic回归模型确定了胃肠道出血的危险因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线建立预测模型并进行评估。结果本研究共纳入138例患者，其中52例（37.7%）发生脑出血。多因素分析显示，uHG （aOR: 1.061; 95% CI: 1.002-1.123; p = 0.041）是脑出血患者胃肠道出血的独立预测因子。uHG也与90天预后显著相关（aOR: 1.109; 95% CI: 1.012-1.215; p = 0.026）。ROC分析显示uHG -纳入的预测模型对胃肠道出血具有较强的预测能力。结论：hg与原发性脑出血患者胃肠道出血风险增高和90天预后不良相关。

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引用次数: 0

Robot-guided catheter drainage with urokinase versus craniotomy hematoma evacuation for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A retrospective study 机器人引导尿激酶导管引流与开颅血肿引流治疗自发性脑出血的回顾性研究

IF 1.3 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Brain Hemorrhages

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2025.08.003

Jingjing Wang , Shenhao Chen , Ziyang Zhang , Ruoru Wu , Ye Li

Objective

The management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) is a topic of debate. While craniotomy has been the traditional treatment, minimally invasive techniques like robot-guided stereotactic catheter drainage with urokinase(MISCD-UK) have emerged as alternatives. This study compares MISCD-UK with conventional craniotomy hematoma evacuation(CHE).

Methods

A retrospective review of 60 ICH patients treated at Xuanwu Hospital(2023–2025) was conducted, with 30 patients undergoing MISCD-UK and 30 undergoing CHE. Primary outcomes included operative metrics, complications, and 3-month functional outcomes(modified Rankin Scale [mRS], Barthel Index [BI]).

Results

MISCD-UK significantly reduced operative duration(58 vs. 257.5 min, P < 0.001) and blood loss (5 mL vs. 225 mL, P < 0.001). ICU and hospital stays were shorter with MISCD-UK (ICU: 8 vs. 16.5 days, P = 0.005; total hospital stay: 9.5 vs. 17 days, P = 0.012). However, 3-month functional outcomes were similar (mRS 0–3: 36.7 % MISCD-UK vs. 50 % CHE, P = 0.297). Multivariable analysis showed that admission GCS, intraventricular hemorrhage, and anticoagulant use were key predictors of outcomes, while the surgical approach didn’t impact functional recovery.

Conclusion

MISCD-UK provides perioperative advantages over craniotomy but doesn’t improve 3-month functional outcomes, suggesting early neurologic severity and hemorrhage characteristics are crucial for prognosis.

目的自发性脑出血（ICH）的治疗是一个争论不休的话题。虽然开颅术一直是传统的治疗方法，但像机器人引导的尿激酶立体定向导管引流（MISCD-UK）这样的微创技术已经成为替代方案。本研究比较了MISCD-UK与传统开颅血肿清除术（CHE）。方法回顾性分析宣武医院2023-2025年收治的脑出血患者60例，其中30例行MISCD-UK， 30例行CHE。主要结局包括手术指标、并发症和3个月功能结局（改良Rankin量表[mRS]、Barthel指数[BI]）。结果miscd - uk显著缩短手术时间（58分钟vs. 257.5分钟，P < 0.001）和出血量（5 mL vs. 225 mL, P < 0.001）。MISCD-UK的ICU和住院时间较短（ICU: 8天对16.5天，P = 0.005；总住院时间：9.5天对17天，P = 0.012）。然而，3个月的功能结果相似（mRS 0-3: 36.7% MISCD-UK vs 50% CHE, P = 0.297）。多变量分析显示，入院GCS、脑室内出血和抗凝剂使用是预后的关键预测因素，而手术方式对功能恢复没有影响。结论miscd - uk术围手术期优于开颅术，但不能改善3个月的功能预后，提示早期神经系统严重程度和出血特征对预后至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Perioperative sodium overload is associated with the occurrence of pulmonary complications related to clazosentan in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage followed by obliterative management for ruptured aneurysm: A retrospective observational study 一项回顾性观察研究表明，蛛网膜下腔出血患者围手术期钠负荷与克唑生坦相关的肺部并发症的发生有关，随后对破裂的动脉瘤进行封堵治疗

IF 1.3 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Brain Hemorrhages

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2025.02.003

Koki Mitani , Takeshi Miyata , Wataru Shiraishi , Yu Abekura , Yuji Agawa , Tomoya Ogawa , Takao Morita , Wataru Yoshizaki , Ryo Hamamoto , Takashi Nagahori , Yusuke Nakazawa , Yukiko Inamori , Taketo Hatano

Objective

Clazosentan, selective endothelin A receptor (ET_A) antagonist, has effectively prevented vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, pulmonary complications are recognized adverse events, and predictive factors remain unclear.

Methods

Between April 2022 and June 2024, 66 patients with aSAH were treated at our institution. The patients who underwent obliterative intervention for ruptured aneurysm and received clazosentan were included. Patients were stratified into those who developed pulmonary complications related to clazosentan (PCrC) and those who did not (non-PCrC). Relevant demographic, laboratory, and radiographical data were analyzed.

Results

Of the 51 patients analyzed, PCrC occurred in 10 patients, and a median onset interval of 3 days post-administration. The mean age of the PCrC group was significantly higher than that of the non-PCrC group (p = 0.049). Additionally, serum sodium levels (p = 0.023), brain natriuretic peptide concentration (p = 0.010) and cardiothoracic ratio (p = 0.002) on admission were significantly elevated in the PCrC group.

Conclusion

The plausible mechanism underlying PCrC involves the selective inhibition of ET_A receptors by clazosentan, and inverse activation of ET_B receptors. This activation may disrupt sodium equilibrium in alveoli, contributing to PCrC. Patients with preexisting conditions such as subclinical heart failure or relative hypernatremia may be particularly susceptible to PCrC.

目的选择性内皮素A受体（ETA）拮抗剂唑生坦可有效预防动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）后血管痉挛和延迟性脑缺血。然而，肺部并发症是公认的不良事件，其预测因素尚不清楚。方法在2022年4月至2024年6月期间，66例aSAH患者在我院接受治疗。本研究包括因动脉瘤破裂而行闭塞性介入治疗并接受克唑生坦治疗的患者。患者被分成两组，一组出现与克唑生坦相关的肺部并发症（PCrC），另一组没有出现（非PCrC）。分析了相关的人口统计学、实验室和放射学数据。结果在分析的51例患者中，10例患者发生PCrC，中位发病间隔为给药后3天。PCrC组患者的平均年龄明显高于非PCrC组（p = 0.049）。此外，PCrC组入院时血清钠水平（p = 0.023）、脑利钠肽浓度（p = 0.010）和心胸比值（p = 0.002）均显著升高。结论PCrC的机制可能与克拉生坦选择性抑制ETA受体和反激活ETB受体有关。这种激活可能会破坏肺泡中的钠平衡，导致PCrC。既往存在亚临床心力衰竭或相对高钠血症的患者可能特别容易发生PCrC。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing deep learning for automated stroke detection: a review 推进深度学习用于自动中风检测：综述

IF 1.3 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Brain Hemorrhages

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2025.07.002

Selorm Adablanu , Utpal Barman , Dulumani Das

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, necessitating improved diagnostic tools for early detection and classification. Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown promise in addressing this critical healthcare challenge by enabling efficient analysis of stroke-related data. However, the lack of standardized datasets, limited real-time clinical applicability, and the complexity of model interpretability hinder broader adoption. This review critically examines 34 research articles published between 2014 and 2025, focusing on traditional ML, deep learning, transfer learning, and hybrid approaches for stroke detection and classification. Key findings highlight that Traditional ML models such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forests (RF) have been widely used but show limitations in high-dimensional medical imaging tasks. Conversely, advanced deep learning models, such as EEG-DenseNet and ResNet50, excel in stroke segmentation and classification tasks, while hybrid methods demonstrate potential for improving accuracy through ensemble strategies. The review also underscores the challenges of dataset scarcity, ethical concerns, and integration barriers in clinical settings. Recommendations for future research include developing more representative datasets, advancing explainable AI methods, and exploring real-time implementation frameworks to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice.

中风仍然是世界范围内死亡和残疾的主要原因，需要改进诊断工具以进行早期发现和分类。机器学习（ML）技术通过实现对中风相关数据的有效分析，在解决这一关键的医疗挑战方面显示出了希望。然而，缺乏标准化的数据集、有限的实时临床适用性以及模型可解释性的复杂性阻碍了模型的广泛采用。本综述对2014年至2025年间发表的34篇研究文章进行了批判性研究，重点关注传统机器学习、深度学习、迁移学习以及脑卒中检测和分类的混合方法。主要发现强调了传统的机器学习模型，如支持向量机（SVM）和随机森林（RF）已被广泛使用，但在高维医学成像任务中显示出局限性。相反，先进的深度学习模型，如EEG-DenseNet和ResNet50，在脑卒中分割和分类任务方面表现出色，而混合方法则显示出通过集成策略提高准确性的潜力。该综述还强调了数据集稀缺、伦理问题和临床环境整合障碍的挑战。对未来研究的建议包括开发更具代表性的数据集，推进可解释的人工智能方法，以及探索实时实施框架，以弥合研究与临床实践之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

Rupture of cerebral cavernous malformations due to cerebral venous sinus compression 脑静脉窦压迫致脑海绵畸形破裂

IF 1.3 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Brain Hemorrhages

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2025.01.001

Yu-tian Liu , Na Li , Chuan-yuan Tao

引用次数: 0

Transformer-based weakly supervised intracerebral hemorrhage segmentation using image-level labels 基于图像级标签的变压器弱监督脑出血分割

IF 1.3 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Brain Hemorrhages

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2025.04.003

Yuren Hu , Zengqiang Yan , Zhuo Kuang , Xianbo Deng , Li Yu

Objective

The segmentation of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) lesions in brain CT scans is of paramount importance for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke. Given the tremendous challenge of pixel-wise annotation in intracerebral hemorrhage, weakly supervised segmentation for ICH based on image-level labels has drawn great attention. Typical methods constructed based on convolutional neural networks often suffer from insufficient global perception, making it difficult to address ICH lesion diversity. Therefore, vision transformer, building pair-wise global dependency, becomes a popular alternative. Unfortunately, the data-hungry nature of vision transformer hinders its full exploitation given relatively limited medical imaging data, resulting in over-smoothing issue.

Methods

In this paper, based on the observation that most patches/tokens tend to build pair-wise dependency with intracerebral hemorrhage lesion, we propose weighted attention fusion (WAF) to fully utilize over-smoothing attention maps produced by ViT under conditions of limited training data. Compared to existing research, no additional parameters or computational complexity is introduced by WAF when incorporating target-relevant information. In addition, to recall low-confidence/-salient regions in segmentation, a patch-erasing re-activation mechanism is proposed by forcing the model to explore more class-specific regions.

Results

Experimental results on three datasets, i.e., INSTANCE2022, LocalBrainCT and BraTS2021 demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed ICH weakly supervised segmentation framework. Compared to the previous works on the weakly supervised sementation, the proposed architecture obtains the state-of-the-art performance on intracerebral hemorrhage segmentation (Dice of 72.39).

Conclusion

This study focus on weakly supervised intracerebral hemorrhage segmentation, and propose a transformer-based framework with weighted attention fusion module and patch-erasing re-activation mechanism. It achives superior performance than previous methods under various settings.

目的颅内出血（ICH）病灶的CT分割对脑卒中的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。鉴于脑出血中逐像素标注的巨大挑战，基于图像级标签的ICH弱监督分割受到了广泛关注。基于卷积神经网络构建的典型方法往往缺乏全局感知，难以处理脑出血病变多样性。因此，构建成对全局依赖关系的视觉转换器成为一种流行的替代方案。不幸的是，由于医学成像数据相对有限，视觉转换器的数据饥渴性阻碍了其充分利用，导致过度平滑问题。方法在观察到大多数贴片/标记物倾向于与脑出血病变建立成对依赖关系的基础上，我们提出加权注意融合（WAF），以充分利用ViT在有限训练数据条件下产生的过度平滑注意图。与现有研究相比，WAF在合并目标相关信息时不引入额外的参数或计算复杂度。此外，为了召回分割中的低置信度/显着区域，提出了一种通过强制模型探索更多特定类别的区域来消除补丁的重新激活机制。结果在INSTANCE2022、LocalBrainCT和BraTS2021三个数据集上的实验结果证明了所提出的ICH弱监督分割框架的有效性。与以往的弱监督分割方法相比，本文提出的架构在脑出血分割上取得了最先进的性能（Dice为72.39）。本研究针对弱监督脑出血分割，提出了一种基于变压器的、具有加权注意融合模块和补片擦除再激活机制的分割框架。在不同的设置下，它比以前的方法具有更好的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Clazosentan for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Update from Japan 克拉森治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血：来自日本的最新消息

IF 1.3 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Brain Hemorrhages

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2025.04.001

Hidenori Suzuki , Fumihiro Kawakita, Kazuaki Aoki, Koichi Hakozaki

引用次数: 0

Link between heart failure and stroke: a comprehensive review 心力衰竭和中风之间的联系：一项全面的综述

IF 1.3 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Brain Hemorrhages

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2025.07.005

Elarya Morcos , John H. Zhang , Antoine Sakr , Desislava Doycheva

Heart failure and stroke are two major cardiovascular conditions that significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality worldwide.¹ While the link between heart failure and ischemic stroke is well understood, the relationship between heart failure and hemorrhagic stroke is less clear but gaining increased recognition.² This review explores the complex mechanisms that may link heart failure to both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Key factors include unstable blood flow, neurohormonal activation, cerebral small vessel disease, and the use of anticoagulation therapy, which, while intended to reduce stroke risk, can inadvertently increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke.³

Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes share overlapping risk factors with heart failure, such as hypertension and impaired blood flow, but the nuanced ways in which heart failure contributes to hemorrhagic stroke risk are still under investigation.³ The review also highlights the importance of clinical outcomes and strategies for managing these risks in heart failure patients, particularly as our understanding of the associations between heart failure and stroke deepens.² By recognizing these connections, healthcare providers can improve care and implement targeted therapeutic approaches to reduce stroke risk in patients with heart failure.⁴

心力衰竭和中风是世界范围内显著导致发病率和死亡率的两种主要心血管疾病虽然心力衰竭和缺血性中风之间的联系已被充分了解，但心力衰竭和出血性中风之间的关系尚不清楚，但越来越多的人认识到这一点这篇综述探讨了可能将心力衰竭与缺血性和出血性中风联系起来的复杂机制。关键因素包括血流量不稳定、神经激素激活、脑小血管疾病和抗凝治疗的使用，抗凝治疗虽然旨在降低中风风险，但可能无意中增加出血性中风的风险。缺血性和出血性中风都与心力衰竭有重叠的危险因素，如高血压和血流受损，但心力衰竭导致出血性中风风险的微妙方式仍在研究中该综述还强调了临床结果和策略对心力衰竭患者管理这些风险的重要性，特别是随着我们对心力衰竭和中风之间关系的了解加深通过认识到这些联系，医疗保健提供者可以改善护理和实施有针对性的治疗方法，以降低心力衰竭患者中风的风险

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引用次数: 0

The role of subarachnoid hemorrhage in post-traumatic Seizures: Insights from a retrospective study on TBI and seizure patterns 蛛网膜下腔出血在创伤后癫痫发作中的作用：来自TBI和癫痫发作模式回顾性研究的见解

IF 1.3 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Brain Hemorrhages

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2025.02.007

Suleiman Daoud , Atef F. Hulliel , Rasha S. Mustafa , Almutazballlah Qablan , Yasmeen Jamal Alabdallat , Sa’ed Hasan , Nataly Al-zubi , Adam M. Abdallah , Mohammad Alsharman , Amer Jaradat , Sultan Jarrar , Mohammad A Jamous

Objective

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic seizures (PTS) have been interconnected since ancient times. Modern research emphasizes their impact on morbidity and mortality, with persistent seizures linked to poor cognitive outcomes. PTS complicates recovery, especially when early seizures indicate severe injury. This study explores how different TBI types affect the development of focal versus generalized seizures to improve clinical management.

Methods

A retrospective study at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), Jordan, examined 1934 TBI cases from 2017 to 2023, identifying 118 patients with confirmed post-traumatic seizures.

Results

Among 118 patients, the median age was 21.5 years (range 2–86), and most were male (74.6 %). Trauma types included Intracerebral Hemorrhage (47.5 %), Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (38.1 %), Intraventricular Hemorrhage (17 %), Subdural Hematoma (28.8 %), Epidural Hematoma (12.7 %), and Skull Fractures (38.1 %). Generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred in 69.5 %, while 30.5 % were focal. At study end, 84.7 % of patients survived. Binary logistic regression revealed that Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) significantly increased the likelihood of generalized seizures (odds ratio 3.308, p = 0.005). Other trauma types did not significantly affect seizure type.

Conclusion

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) significantly increases the likelihood of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, suggesting it as a key risk factor. Further research is needed to refine preventive and treatment strategies.

目的创伤性脑损伤（TBI）与创伤后癫痫发作（PTS）自古以来就相互关联。现代研究强调它们对发病率和死亡率的影响，持续癫痫发作与认知能力低下有关。PTS使恢复复杂化，特别是当早期癫痫发作表明严重损伤时。本研究探讨不同类型的TBI如何影响局灶性与全面性癫痫发作的发展，以改善临床管理。方法对约旦阿卜杜拉国王大学医院（KAUH） 2017 - 2023年收治的1934例TBI患者进行回顾性研究，其中118例确诊为创伤后癫痫发作。结果118例患者中位年龄21.5岁（范围2 ~ 86岁），男性居多（74.6%）。创伤类型包括脑出血（47.5%）、蛛网膜下腔出血（38.1%）、脑室内出血（17%）、硬膜下血肿（28.8%）、硬膜外血肿（12.7%）和颅骨骨折（38.1%）。全身性强直阵挛发作发生率为69.5%，局灶性发作发生率为30.5%。研究结束时，84.7%的患者存活。二元logistic回归分析显示，蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）显著增加全面性癫痫发作的可能性（优势比3.308,p = 0.005）。其他创伤类型对癫痫发作类型无显著影响。结论蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）可显著增加全身性强直-阵挛性癫痫发作的可能性，提示其为关键危险因素。需要进一步的研究来完善预防和治疗策略。

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引用次数: 0