{"title":"Establishment and Activity of the Jewish Marine School for Officers in Civitavecchia (1934–1938) in the Pages of the Revisionist Zionist Press","authors":"J. Drozd","doi":"10.18276/sm.2022.35-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/sm.2022.35-04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33979,"journal":{"name":"Studia Maritima","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68079713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacek Buko Institute of Spatial Management and Socio-Economic Geography University of Szczecin jacek.buko@usz.edu.pl ORCID: 0000-0002-9804-9835 Tomasz Norek Institute of Spatial Management and Socio-Economic Geography University of Szczecin tomasz.norek@usz.edu.pl ORCID: 0000-0001-9651-6295 Iwona Windekilde Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology iwona.windekilde@ntnu.no ORCID: 0000-0001-8084-6695
{"title":"Gas Supplies by Sea and Biogas as Elements of Ensuring Energy Security: The Example of Poland","authors":"Jacek Buko, Tomasz Norek, I. Windekilde","doi":"10.18276/sm.2022.35-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/sm.2022.35-09","url":null,"abstract":"Jacek Buko Institute of Spatial Management and Socio-Economic Geography University of Szczecin jacek.buko@usz.edu.pl ORCID: 0000-0002-9804-9835 Tomasz Norek Institute of Spatial Management and Socio-Economic Geography University of Szczecin tomasz.norek@usz.edu.pl ORCID: 0000-0001-9651-6295 Iwona Windekilde Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology iwona.windekilde@ntnu.no ORCID: 0000-0001-8084-6695","PeriodicalId":33979,"journal":{"name":"Studia Maritima","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68079847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To study the way how other nations perceived our own country has always been an interesting and significant topic for historians. Depending on the period, this may be a question of opinions among intellectual and political elites or wider masses of the population. An obvious motive for this interest is simple curiosity, produced by the desire “not to be forgotten”. More serious could be the need to obtain information which could help explain some aspects of the past, such as political decisions. They can be clarified, their rationale can be shown if we realise what the decision-makers knew about the country, with which they were dealing. It was important to learn, what facts were known, what cliches were circulating among the educated, what experiences of previous contact were preserved and remembered. Another purpose can be pointed out in the situation when a foreign description delivers a picture in some ways different to the one, common in the national memory,
{"title":"Casting a glance across Balticum – Poland and her past in Arild Huitfeldt’s Chronicle","authors":"K. Szelągowska","doi":"10.18276/sm.2021.34-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/sm.2021.34-03","url":null,"abstract":"To study the way how other nations perceived our own country has always been an interesting and significant topic for historians. Depending on the period, this may be a question of opinions among intellectual and political elites or wider masses of the population. An obvious motive for this interest is simple curiosity, produced by the desire “not to be forgotten”. More serious could be the need to obtain information which could help explain some aspects of the past, such as political decisions. They can be clarified, their rationale can be shown if we realise what the decision-makers knew about the country, with which they were dealing. It was important to learn, what facts were known, what cliches were circulating among the educated, what experiences of previous contact were preserved and remembered. Another purpose can be pointed out in the situation when a foreign description delivers a picture in some ways different to the one, common in the national memory,","PeriodicalId":33979,"journal":{"name":"Studia Maritima","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68078501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Companies Register files found in the fonds of the Municipal Court in Gdynia constitute an exceptionally valuable source for research on the history of the Polish Merchant Navy and the economic history of the Second Polish Republic1. In 2003, they were edited and prepared for release (by the author of this article), but, despite the passage of years, they are still used in research only by a narrow group of historians. All the greater the pity that the fonds contains register files of Polish shipping companies, which should be used as source material for research on issues related to the history of maritime economy in the Second Polish Republic. In this article, the records of the Companies Register were used to describe the circumstances of the establishment, the organisation, the activity, the fleet, and the operational and financial results of Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe “Żegluga Polska” [lit. State-owned Enterprise
{"title":"Register Files of The State Enterprise and the Joint Stock Company “Żegluga Polska” in Gdynia as a Source in Research on the Polish Merchant Navy under the Second Polish Republic","authors":"J. Drozd","doi":"10.18276/sm.2021.34-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/sm.2021.34-04","url":null,"abstract":"The Companies Register files found in the fonds of the Municipal Court in Gdynia constitute an exceptionally valuable source for research on the history of the Polish Merchant Navy and the economic history of the Second Polish Republic1. In 2003, they were edited and prepared for release (by the author of this article), but, despite the passage of years, they are still used in research only by a narrow group of historians. All the greater the pity that the fonds contains register files of Polish shipping companies, which should be used as source material for research on issues related to the history of maritime economy in the Second Polish Republic. In this article, the records of the Companies Register were used to describe the circumstances of the establishment, the organisation, the activity, the fleet, and the operational and financial results of Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe “Żegluga Polska” [lit. State-owned Enterprise","PeriodicalId":33979,"journal":{"name":"Studia Maritima","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68078551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Maritime League. A study of the dissolution of a social institution","authors":"G. Strauchold","doi":"10.18276/sm.2021.34-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/sm.2021.34-07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33979,"journal":{"name":"Studia Maritima","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68078759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archival materials regarding the history of the Maritime and Colonial League (M&CL) have not been fully preserved for any of the pre-war districts of this organisation. The most conspicuous gap in archival records was left by war damage. When, in the early 1980s, Tadeusz Białas attempted to present the entirety of the M&CL’s activities in interwar Poland, he based his investigation on an extensive search of preserved archival materials, which, for obvious reasons, he had to limit to Polish national archives1. At that time, access to archives located on the territory of the then USSR was severely restricted, and obtaining permission to access archival materials related to the history of the second largest social organisation with a strong paramilitary character in the Second Polish Republic verged on the impossible. The situation changed after the collapse of the communist camp and, ultimately, the USSR itself. It was then that Lithuania, Belarus and the Ukraine, all opened their archives to Polish historians. As an effect of work undertaken in 2016 in the State Archives of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Державныiї Архів Івано-Франківскоі Області) in Ivano-Frankivsk (prewar Stanisławów), unique archival material related to the activities of the M&CL in the former Stanisławów Voivodeship was obtained. Fonds 414 contained the organisation’s2 statute, reports on the League’s collections for the Maritime Defence Fund
{"title":"Bulletin of the Maritime and Colonial League of May 1939 (from the collection of the State Archives of Іvano-Frankіvsk Oblast)","authors":"Maciej Franz","doi":"10.18276/sm.2021.34-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/sm.2021.34-05","url":null,"abstract":"Archival materials regarding the history of the Maritime and Colonial League (M&CL) have not been fully preserved for any of the pre-war districts of this organisation. The most conspicuous gap in archival records was left by war damage. When, in the early 1980s, Tadeusz Białas attempted to present the entirety of the M&CL’s activities in interwar Poland, he based his investigation on an extensive search of preserved archival materials, which, for obvious reasons, he had to limit to Polish national archives1. At that time, access to archives located on the territory of the then USSR was severely restricted, and obtaining permission to access archival materials related to the history of the second largest social organisation with a strong paramilitary character in the Second Polish Republic verged on the impossible. The situation changed after the collapse of the communist camp and, ultimately, the USSR itself. It was then that Lithuania, Belarus and the Ukraine, all opened their archives to Polish historians. As an effect of work undertaken in 2016 in the State Archives of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Державныiї Архів Івано-Франківскоі Області) in Ivano-Frankivsk (prewar Stanisławów), unique archival material related to the activities of the M&CL in the former Stanisławów Voivodeship was obtained. Fonds 414 contained the organisation’s2 statute, reports on the League’s collections for the Maritime Defence Fund","PeriodicalId":33979,"journal":{"name":"Studia Maritima","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68078633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
15 January 1277 saw the death of Archbishop of Magdeburg Conrad von Sternberg, who had an inimical attitude towards the Margraves of Brandenburg from the Johannine line1. Among the several things that negatively affected the Archbishop’s relations with the sons of John I: John II, Otto IV and Conrad, was the fact that they supported the ecclesiastical career of their brother Eric, canon of the Monastery in Halberstadt. They determinedly and stubbornly promoted their brother to important positions in the chapter in Magdeburg. From 1264, he held the prebend in Magdeburg. The successive steps of his well-planned church career were to lead him, first to the office of bishop coadjutor and then to the throne of the Archbishops of Magdeburg. The Johannine margraves made an attempt to strengthen Eric’s position in the structure of the chapter in Magdeburg as early as in 1272. Their actions led to a sharp conflict and a war with the incumbent archbishop Konrad von Sternberg and his allies. On 1 May 1272, Archbishop Konrad made a pact with Lord Nicholas of Werle, Count Gunzelin of Schwerin, Lord Henry of Mecklenburg, and Waldemar of Rostock and his sons that they would support the archbishop with all their might
{"title":"West Pomerania’s part in the war for the throne of the Archbishop of Magdeburg in 1277–1283","authors":"Marek Smoliński","doi":"10.18276/sm.2021.34-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/sm.2021.34-01","url":null,"abstract":"15 January 1277 saw the death of Archbishop of Magdeburg Conrad von Sternberg, who had an inimical attitude towards the Margraves of Brandenburg from the Johannine line1. Among the several things that negatively affected the Archbishop’s relations with the sons of John I: John II, Otto IV and Conrad, was the fact that they supported the ecclesiastical career of their brother Eric, canon of the Monastery in Halberstadt. They determinedly and stubbornly promoted their brother to important positions in the chapter in Magdeburg. From 1264, he held the prebend in Magdeburg. The successive steps of his well-planned church career were to lead him, first to the office of bishop coadjutor and then to the throne of the Archbishops of Magdeburg. The Johannine margraves made an attempt to strengthen Eric’s position in the structure of the chapter in Magdeburg as early as in 1272. Their actions led to a sharp conflict and a war with the incumbent archbishop Konrad von Sternberg and his allies. On 1 May 1272, Archbishop Konrad made a pact with Lord Nicholas of Werle, Count Gunzelin of Schwerin, Lord Henry of Mecklenburg, and Waldemar of Rostock and his sons that they would support the archbishop with all their might","PeriodicalId":33979,"journal":{"name":"Studia Maritima","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68078819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Þórarinn loftunga, an Icelandic poet, was famous for his service for Knútr in riki, the King of England and Denmark. The skald played an important role in events he described in his poetry. It mainly refers to the taking over of Norway by Knútr in 1028 and efforts to establish Knútr’s son Sveinn in Norway in the early 1030s as a follower and heir of the king Óláfr Haraldsson whose status as saint was just about to rise1. Knútr, as other rulers of that time, was eager to use skaldic poetry as one of the main channels of royal propaganda. That’s why his court in England gathered a substantial number of skalds who were delivering their compositions praising the king and legitimising both his status and achievements2. Þórarinn loftunga belonged to this group, being its important member. The present article is the second part of the threefold study on Þórarinn’s poetry with each part devoted to a different skald’s composition. As I have already noted in the first part, the main aim of my study is to contextualise Þórarinn’s poetry as a whole and determine if it can be treated as a sophisticated insight not only into the politics of Knútr in riki (and his son Sveinn) but also the skald’s own artistic input
{"title":"A skald in royal service – the case Þórarinn loftunga. Part 2: Poetics and ideology of Tøgdrápa","authors":"J. Morawiec","doi":"10.18276/sm.2021.34-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/sm.2021.34-02","url":null,"abstract":"Þórarinn loftunga, an Icelandic poet, was famous for his service for Knútr in riki, the King of England and Denmark. The skald played an important role in events he described in his poetry. It mainly refers to the taking over of Norway by Knútr in 1028 and efforts to establish Knútr’s son Sveinn in Norway in the early 1030s as a follower and heir of the king Óláfr Haraldsson whose status as saint was just about to rise1. Knútr, as other rulers of that time, was eager to use skaldic poetry as one of the main channels of royal propaganda. That’s why his court in England gathered a substantial number of skalds who were delivering their compositions praising the king and legitimising both his status and achievements2. Þórarinn loftunga belonged to this group, being its important member. The present article is the second part of the threefold study on Þórarinn’s poetry with each part devoted to a different skald’s composition. As I have already noted in the first part, the main aim of my study is to contextualise Þórarinn’s poetry as a whole and determine if it can be treated as a sophisticated insight not only into the politics of Knútr in riki (and his son Sveinn) but also the skald’s own artistic input","PeriodicalId":33979,"journal":{"name":"Studia Maritima","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68078425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polish civilian forced labourers and prisoners of war in the Organization Todt – Einsatzgruppe Wiking, 1941–1945","authors":"E. Denkiewicz-Szczepaniak","doi":"10.18276/sm.2021.34-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/sm.2021.34-06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33979,"journal":{"name":"Studia Maritima","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68078735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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