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Process-based therapy as a novel treatment approach and framework for classifying psychopathology 基于过程的疗法作为一种新的治疗方法和精神病理学分类框架
Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.13727
Stefan G. Hofmann, Steven C. Hayes
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility and acceptability of a mobile app for prolonged grief disorder symptoms 针对长期悲伤障碍症状的移动应用程序的可行性和可接受性
Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.10881
Anaïs Aeschlimann, Nicolas Gordillo, Taro Ueno, Andreas Maercker, C. Killikelly
Background Mobile apps provide a unique platform for mental health assessment and monitoring. They can provide real time, accessible data on symptoms of mental disorders that may yield rich data for detailed clinical assessment and help individuals gain insight into their current mental state. We developed one of the first apps for tracking symptoms of prolonged grief disorder. Method In this pilot feasibility study, we assess the feasibility and acceptability of a new mobile app mGAGE for use once a day for 3 weeks. 27 participants completed mental health assessments at t1 and t2. Results Adherence to the app protocol was very high with 100% for the first two weeks of use. A surprising finding was the improvement of grief symptoms at t2. Debriefing interviews revealed general qualitative categories including positive feedback, negative feedback and specific recommendations. Overall, the app was found to be feasible for use for the first two weeks and acceptable for bereaved individuals. Conclusions This app could provide valuable data for in depth clinical assessment, may support individuals to gain greater insight into their symptoms and may have a therapeutic effect in terms of improved grief symptoms. Implications for future studies including use in larger intervention studies are discussed.
背景 移动应用程序为心理健康评估和监测提供了一个独特的平台。它们可以提供有关精神障碍症状的实时、可访问的数据,从而为详细的临床评估提供丰富的数据,并帮助个人深入了解其当前的精神状态。我们开发了首批用于追踪长期悲伤障碍症状的应用程序之一。 方法 在这项试点可行性研究中,我们评估了新款手机应用程序 mGAGE 的可行性和可接受性,该应用程序每天使用一次,为期 3 周。27 名参与者在第一阶段和第二阶段完成了心理健康评估。 结果 应用程序使用前两周的依从性非常高,达到了 100%。一个令人惊讶的发现是,悲伤症状在第二阶段得到了改善。汇报访谈显示了一般定性类别,包括积极反馈、消极反馈和具体建议。总体而言,该应用程序在最初两周的使用是可行的,丧亲者也可以接受。 结论 该应用程序可为深入的临床评估提供有价值的数据,可帮助丧亲者更深入地了解自己的症状,并可在改善悲伤症状方面产生治疗效果。本文讨论了未来研究的意义,包括在大型干预研究中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Uncertainty breeds anxiety and depression: The impact of the Russian invasion in Ukraine on a Swedish clinical population receiving internet-based psychotherapy 不确定性滋生焦虑和抑郁:俄罗斯入侵乌克兰对接受互联网心理治疗的瑞典临床人群的影响
Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.12083
Jón Ingi Hlynsson, Oskar Gustafsson, Per Carlbring
Background Recent global crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, have contributed to a rise in the global prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders. This study examines the indirect impact of the Ukraine war on emotional disorders within a Swedish clinical population. Method The sample comprised participants (n = 1,222) actively engaged in an internet-based psychotherapeutic intervention (cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and waitlist) when the war broke out. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale were used to measure depression and anxiety. Results Anxiety and depressive symptom severity increased following the war's onset, with an average weekly increase of 0.77-points for anxiety (p = .001, Cohen's d = 0.08) and 0.09-points for depression (p = .70, Cohen's d = 0.01); however, the increase was negligible for depression. Furthermore, higher socioeconomic status (SES) predicted declines in depression and anxiety during the study period, with a 0.69-point average weekly decrease in anxiety (p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.32) and a 1.09-point decrease in depression (p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.48) per one unit increase in SES, suggesting that SES may serve as a protective factor that buffers against psychopathological development during crises. Conclusions These findings have implications for mitigating the development of psychopathology during crises and interpreting treatment efficacy estimates during such events. Our findings also emphasize the potential of internet-based psychotherapy in addressing emotional disorders during crises. This study presents up-to-date information about the reaction of treatment-seeking individuals to abrupt uncertainty.
背景 最近的全球性危机,如 COVID-19 大流行病和 2022 年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰,导致全球焦虑症和抑郁症发病率上升。本研究调查了乌克兰战争对瑞典临床人群情绪障碍的间接影响。 方法 样本包括在战争爆发时积极参加基于互联网的心理治疗干预(认知行为疗法、心理动力学疗法和候选疗法)的参与者(n = 1,222)。患者健康问卷-9量表和广泛焦虑症-7量表用于测量抑郁和焦虑。 结果 战争爆发后,焦虑和抑郁症状的严重程度有所上升,焦虑症平均每周上升 0.77 分(p = 0.001,Cohen's d = 0.08),抑郁症平均每周上升 0.09 分(p = 0.70,Cohen's d = 0.01);然而,抑郁症状的上升幅度微乎其微。此外,社会经济地位(SES)越高,研究期间抑郁症和焦虑症的发病率就越低,社会经济地位每提高一个单位,焦虑症每周平均下降 0.69 分(p < .001,Cohen's d = 0.32),抑郁症每周平均下降 1.09 分(p < .001,Cohen's d = 0.48)。 结论 这些发现对减轻危机期间精神病理学的发展以及解释此类事件中的治疗效果估计值具有重要意义。我们的研究结果还强调了基于互联网的心理疗法在解决危机期间情绪障碍方面的潜力。本研究提供了关于寻求治疗者对突如其来的不确定性的反应的最新信息。
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引用次数: 0
Developing a brief cognitive task intervention to reduce long-standing intrusive memories of trauma: A feasibility study with remote delivery for women in Iceland 开发简短的认知任务干预,以减少长期的创伤侵入性记忆:针对冰岛妇女的远程交付可行性研究
Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.11237
Johann P Hardarson, Beau Gamble, Kristjana Thorarinsdottir, Elín Sjöfn Stephensen, M. Kanstrup, Thorsteinn Gudmundsson, U. Valdimarsdóttir, A. Hauksdóttir, Andri S. Bjornsson, M. Moulds, Emily A. Holmes
Background There is emerging evidence that a brief cognitive task intervention may reduce the frequency of intrusive memories, even long-standing memories of older trauma. However, evaluations to date have involved in-person researcher contact. We investigated the feasibility and acceptability of remote delivery to women (n = 12) in Iceland who had experienced trauma on average two decades earlier. Method Participants monitored intrusive memories in a daily diary for one week (i.e., baseline phase), completed (at least) two guided, remote intervention sessions (e.g., via secure video platform), and were encouraged to continue to use the intervention self-guided. Results Eight participants completed the primary outcome and reported fewer intrusive memories in Week 5 (M = 6.98, SD = 5.73) compared to baseline (M = 25.98, SD = 29.39) – a 68% reduction. Intrusions decreased at each subsequent time point; at 3-months (n = 7) there was a 91% reduction compared to baseline. Other psychological symptoms reduced and functioning improved. Importantly, participant ratings and qualitative feedback support feasibility and acceptability. Conclusion Findings suggest the feasibility of remote delivery of the brief imagery-competing task intervention by non-specialists (who were not mental health professionals) and hold promise for developing psychotherapeutic innovations supporting women with intrusive memories even decades after trauma.
背景 有新的证据表明,简短的认知任务干预可以减少闯入性记忆的频率,甚至可以减少对旧创伤的长期记忆。然而,迄今为止的评估都涉及研究人员的亲自接触。我们调查了向冰岛妇女(n = 12)提供远程干预的可行性和可接受性,这些妇女平均在二十年前经历过创伤。 方法 参与者在一周内(即基线阶段)通过每日日记监测侵入性记忆,完成(至少)两次有指导的远程干预(如通过安全视频平台),并鼓励她们继续在自我指导下使用干预。 结果 八名参与者完成了主要结果,并报告称与基线(中=25.98,标=29.39)相比,第 5 周的侵入性记忆减少了(中=6.98,标=5.73)--减少了 68%。在随后的每个时间点,干扰性记忆都有所减少;在 3 个月时(n = 7),与基线相比,干扰性记忆减少了 91%。其他心理症状有所减轻,功能也有所改善。重要的是,参与者的评分和定性反馈都支持这种方法的可行性和可接受性。 结论 研究结果表明,由非专业人员(非心理健康专业人员)远程提供简短的意象竞争任务干预是可行的,并有望开发出心理治疗创新方法,为创伤后数十年仍有侵入性记忆的妇女提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Hope in Medicine Scale. 医学希望量表的开发和心理测量学评估。
Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-28 eCollection Date: 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.12001
Lea Balthasar, Anne-Kathrin Bräscher, Ted J Kaptchuk, Sarah K Ballou, Tobias Kube

Background: Hope is an integral, multi-dimensional part of seeking medical treatment. The aim of this study was to develop a self-report scale, the Hope in Medicine (HIM) scale, to measure different modes of hoping in relation to the course of symptoms, the effects of treatment, and supporting medical research.

Method: We examined the psychometric properties of the scale in a sample of 74 allergic rhinitis patients participating in a 2-week randomized-controlled trial comparing open-label placebos (OLP) with treatment as usual (TAU).

Results: The HIM scale had a Cronbach's α of .78. An exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors: realistic hope (i.e., hoping for specific positive outcomes such as improvement in symptoms), transcendent hope (i.e., non-directed hoping that things will turn out positively), utopian hope (i.e., hoping to contribute to greater knowledge), and technoscience hope (i.e., hoping for scientific breakthroughs). Speaking to the convergent validity of the scale, realistic hope was moderately related to treatment expectancies (r = .54); transcendent hope was related to optimism (r = .50), treatment expectancies (r = .37), self-efficacy (r = .36), and inversely correlated with pessimism (r = -.43). Hope subscales predicted neither course of symptoms nor impairment.

Conclusion: The HIM scale is a questionnaire with adequate internal consistency allowing to assess four modes of hoping. Preliminary results for its convergent validity are promising. Yet, further validation is needed.

背景:希望是求医过程中不可或缺的多维组成部分。本研究旨在开发一种自我报告量表--医学希望量表(HIM),以测量与症状过程、治疗效果和支持医学研究有关的不同希望模式:我们对参加为期两周的随机对照试验的74名过敏性鼻炎患者进行了抽样调查,比较了开放标签安慰剂(OLP)与常规治疗(TAU),考察了量表的心理测量学特性:HIM 量表的 Cronbach's α 值为 0.78。探索性因子分析揭示了四个因子:现实希望(即希望获得具体的积极结果,如症状改善)、超越希望(即非定向地希望事情会有积极的结果)、乌托邦希望(即希望为更多知识做出贡献)和技术科学希望(即希望获得科学突破)。就量表的收敛效度而言,现实希望与治疗期望值呈中度相关(r = 0.54);超越希望与乐观(r = 0.50)、治疗期望值(r = 0.37)和自我效能感(r = 0.36)相关,与悲观成反比(r = -0.43)。希望分量表既不能预测症状的发展过程,也不能预测功能损害:HIM量表是一份具有充分内部一致性的问卷,可以评估四种希望模式。其收敛效度的初步结果令人鼓舞。然而,还需要进一步的验证。
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引用次数: 0
Mind the gap – Ideas for making clinical research more relevant for practitioners and patients 注意差距--让临床研究更贴近医生和患者的想法
Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.12419
Max Berg, Lea Schemer, L. Kirchner, Saskia Scholten
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引用次数: 0
Health scares: Tracing their nature, growth and spread 健康恐慌:追溯其本质、发展和传播
Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.12209
K. MacKrill, Michael Witthöft, Simon Wessely, Keith J. Petrie
Background Health scares are highly publicised threats to health that increase public concern and protective behaviours but are later shown to be unfounded. Although health scares have become more common in recent times, they have received very little research attention. This is despite the fact that health scares often have negative outcomes for individuals and community by affecting health behaviours and causing high levels of often unnecessary anxiety. Method In this paper we undertook a review and analysis of the major types of health scares as well as the background factors associated with health scares and their spread. Results We found most health scares fell into seven main categories; environmental contaminants, food, malicious incidents, medical treatments, public health interventions, radiation from technology and exotic diseases. For most health scares there are important background factors and incident characteristics that affect how they develop. Background factors include conspiracy theories, trust in governmental agencies, anxiety, modern health worries and wariness of chemicals. Incident characteristic include being newly developed, not understood or unseen, man-made rather than natural and whether the incident is out of personal control. We also identified the aspects of traditional and social media that exacerbate the rapid spread of health scares. Conclusion More research is needed to identify the characteristics of media stories that intensify the levels of public concern. Guidelines around the media’s reporting of health incidents and potential health threats may be necessary in order to reduce levels of public anxiety and the negative public health impact of health scares.
背景 健康恐慌是对健康威胁的高度宣传,它增加了公众的担忧和保护行为,但后来被证明是毫无根据的。虽然近来健康恐慌越来越常见,但研究人员对其关注却很少。尽管事实是,健康恐慌往往会影响健康行为,并造成不必要的高度焦虑,从而对个人和社区产生负面影响。 方法 在本文中,我们对健康恐慌的主要类型以及与健康恐慌及其传播相关的背景因素进行了回顾和分析。 结果 我们发现大多数健康恐慌分为七大类:环境污染物、食品、恶意事件、医疗、公共卫生干预、技术辐射和外来疾病。大多数健康恐慌都有重要的背景因素和事件特征,这些因素和特征会影响恐慌的发展。背景因素包括阴谋论、对政府机构的信任、焦虑、对现代健康的担忧和对化学品的戒备。事件特征包括新近发生的、不了解或未见过的、人为的而非自然的,以及事件是否超出个人控制范围。我们还确定了传统媒体和社交媒体在哪些方面加剧了健康恐慌的快速传播。 结论 需要开展更多研究,以确定加剧公众关注程度的媒体报道的特点。可能有必要就媒体对健康事件和潜在健康威胁的报道制定指导方针,以降低公众的焦虑程度和健康恐慌对公众健康的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical psychology in transition: Taking responsibility and broadening the scope 转型中的临床心理学:承担责任,扩大范围
Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.13465
Cornelia Weise, Winfried Rief
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引用次数: 0
Do we need a novel framework for classifying psychopathology? A discussion paper 我们需要一个新的精神病理学分类框架吗?讨论文件
Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.11699
Winfried Rief, Stefan G. Hofmann, Max Berg, M. Forbes, D. Pizzagalli, Johannes Zimmermann, Eiko I. Fried, Geoffrey M. Reed
Introduction The ICD-11 and DSM-5 are the leading systems for the classification of mental disorders, and their relevance for clinical work and research, as well as their impact for policy making and legal questions, has increased considerably. In recent years, other frameworks have been proposed to supplement or even replace the ICD and the DSM, raising many questions regarding clinical utility, scientific relevance, and, at the core, how best to conceptualize mental disorders. Method As examples of the new approaches that have emerged, here we introduce the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), systems and network approaches, process-based approaches, as well as a new approach to the classification of personality disorders. Results and Discussion We highlight main distinctions between these classification frameworks, largely related to different priorities and goals, and discuss areas of overlap and potential compatibility. Synergies among these systems may provide promising new avenues for research and clinical practice.
导言:ICD-11 和 DSM-5 是精神障碍分类的主要系统,它们对临床工作和研究的相关性,以及对政策制定和法律问题的影响已经大大增加。近年来,人们提出了其他框架来补充甚至取代 ICD 和 DSM,这引发了许多关于临床实用性和科学相关性的问题,其核心是如何最好地将精神障碍概念化。 方法 作为已出现的新方法的例子,我们在此介绍精神病理学层次分类法(HiTOP)、研究领域标准(RDoC)、系统和网络方法、基于过程的方法以及人格障碍分类的新方法。 结果与讨论 我们强调了这些分类框架之间的主要区别(主要与不同的优先事项和目标有关),并讨论了重叠领域和潜在的兼容性。这些系统之间的协同作用可为研究和临床实践提供前景广阔的新途径。
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引用次数: 1
Harbingers of hope: Scientists and the pursuit of world peace 希望的先驱科学家与追求世界和平
Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.13197
Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Willem A. C. M. van de Put, Andreas Maercker, S. Hobfoll, Velayudhan Mohan Kumar, C. Barbui, Arehally Marappa Mahalaksmi, S. Chidambaram, P. Lundmark, Tual Sawn Khai, L. Atwoli, V. Poberezhets, Ramasamy Rajesh Kumar, Derebe Madoro, Hernán Andrés Marín Agudelo, Samuel Ratnajeevan Herbert Hoole, L. Teixeira-Santos, Paulo Pereira, K. Saravanan, Anton Vrdoljak, M. Meira e Cruz, C. Ramasubramanian, AK Tay, J. Grønli, M. Sijbrandij, S. Sivasubramaniam, Meera Narasimhan, E. N. Mbong, M. Jansson-Fröjmark, Bjørn Bjorvatn, Joop T. V. M. de Jong, M. Braakman, Maurice Eisenbruch, Darío Acuña-Castroviejo, Koos van der Velden, Gregory M. Brown, Markku Partinen, Alexander C. McFarlane, Michael Berk
The ongoing wars in many regions—such as the conflict between Israel and Hamas—as well as the effects of war on communities, social services, and mental health are covered in this special editorial. This article emphasizes the need for international efforts to promote peace, offer humanitarian aid, and address the mental health challenges faced by individuals and communities affected by war and violence.
这篇特别社论涵盖了许多地区正在进行的战争,如以色列和哈马斯之间的冲突,以及战争对社区、社会服务和心理健康的影响。本文强调,国际社会需要努力促进和平,提供人道主义援助,并应对受战争和暴力影响的个人和社区所面临的心理健康挑战。
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引用次数: 1
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Clinical Psychology in Europe
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