Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.059
Helena Arias Casals, Mariona Badenas Agustí, Carla Conejo González, Laia Ribas Cabezas, Ariadna Farrés Basiana, Núria Jar, Neus Sabaté Vizcarra, Cesca Cufí Prat, Anna Bach Valls
The low representation of women (~33%) in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers is extremely concerning and cultivates male-dominant cultures across a variety of academic and professional disciplines. In Spain, only 39% of national projects are led by women, thus evidencing the so-called “leaking pipeline”, that is, the tendency of women and other underrepresented groups to eventually abandon STEM-related fields. This social disequilibrium is particularly strong in the international space sector, where women represent less than ~20% of the workforce. The Hypatia I mission —a multi-generational and multi-disciplinary crew of 9 female scientists— seeks to help address this problem. In April 2023, the Hypatia I crew will participate in a two-week Martian analog mission at the Mars Desert Research Station (Utah, United States) with the goal of (i) performing high-quality space-related research in a simulation environment, (ii) conducting outreach and science communication activities, and most importantly, (iii) promoting female role models in STEM-related fields and inspiring future generations of scientists, particularly young girls interested in space careers
{"title":"Hypatia I: a multi-generational and multi-disciplinary crew of female analog astronauts dedicated to space research, scientific outreach, and promotion of female role models in space careers","authors":"Helena Arias Casals, Mariona Badenas Agustí, Carla Conejo González, Laia Ribas Cabezas, Ariadna Farrés Basiana, Núria Jar, Neus Sabaté Vizcarra, Cesca Cufí Prat, Anna Bach Valls","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.059","url":null,"abstract":"The low representation of women (~33%) in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers is extremely concerning and cultivates male-dominant cultures across a variety of academic and professional disciplines. In Spain, only 39% of national projects are led by women, thus evidencing the so-called “leaking pipeline”, that is, the tendency of women and other underrepresented groups to eventually abandon STEM-related fields. This social disequilibrium is particularly strong in the international space sector, where women represent less than ~20% of the workforce. The Hypatia I mission —a multi-generational and multi-disciplinary crew of 9 female scientists— seeks to help address this problem. In April 2023, the Hypatia I crew will participate in a two-week Martian analog mission at the Mars Desert Research Station (Utah, United States) with the goal of (i) performing high-quality space-related research in a simulation environment, (ii) conducting outreach and science communication activities, and most importantly, (iii) promoting female role models in STEM-related fields and inspiring future generations of scientists, particularly young girls interested in space careers","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122005915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.076
Maura Zara, Sifat Kaur Alag
'New Space' economy is an all-inclusive concept that synthesises a real economic revolution in the space industry. It is characterised by the proliferation of new private actors that operate separately from institutional and governmental structures to seek their place in the market. Their primary objective is to allow low-cost access to space technologies, establishing themselves as one of the major growth engines of the space economy, fostering market competitiveness and technological development. Aware of this key role played by these new actors in the future development of the space industry, this paper adopts an empirical approach in order to obtain relevant information from those directly concerned, with the aim of identifying the crucial factors for their successful integration into the market and for their long-term permanence in the market. We have conducted 50 live interviews with founders and executives of small scale and start-up space companies from all around the world. The interviews are recorded and answers quantified to produce meaningful statistical data. Based on these results, the paper will focus on one of the fundamental problems for new actors. It will analyse these and further present possible inputs that can contribute to the development of the new space economy: The legal and bureaucratic dimensions in which new space companies are born and how they develop. In particular, the paper will explore the need to improve access to legal services from an economic point of view, with a focus on paralegal services; the difficulty shown by those directly concerned in guiding legislation on space activities and the need to rethink the training of lawyers, to make it more adherent to the peculiarities of the new space economy. In conclusion, after a reflection on the impact of the new space economy on the current market dynamics, with the analysis of the area of interest identified above, the paper will infer useful elements to set up some guidance suggestions for the implementation of the pathways of integration and development of young companies operating in the space market. This perspective, includes a reflection on the multidisciplinary dimension involving space activities and the opportunity to stimulate educational programmes with a training offers that reflects the now inevitable need for a less sectoral preparation that allows professionals in the space sector to acquire a more comprehensive view of the dynamics of the market.
{"title":"What they want and what they need: the new role of the jurist in assisting the young space companies","authors":"Maura Zara, Sifat Kaur Alag","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.076","url":null,"abstract":"'New Space' economy is an all-inclusive concept that synthesises a real economic revolution in the space industry. It is characterised by the proliferation of new private actors that operate separately from institutional and governmental structures to seek their place in the market. Their primary objective is to allow low-cost access to space technologies, establishing themselves as one of the major growth engines of the space economy, fostering market competitiveness and technological development. Aware of this key role played by these new actors in the future development of the space industry, this paper adopts an empirical approach in order to obtain relevant information from those directly concerned, with the aim of identifying the crucial factors for their successful integration into the market and for their long-term permanence in the market. We have conducted 50 live interviews with founders and executives of small scale and start-up space companies from all around the world. The interviews are recorded and answers quantified to produce meaningful statistical data. Based on these results, the paper will focus on one of the fundamental problems for new actors. It will analyse these and further present possible inputs that can contribute to the development of the new space economy: The legal and bureaucratic dimensions in which new space companies are born and how they develop. In particular, the paper will explore the need to improve access to legal services from an economic point of view, with a focus on paralegal services; the difficulty shown by those directly concerned in guiding legislation on space activities and the need to rethink the training of lawyers, to make it more adherent to the peculiarities of the new space economy. In conclusion, after a reflection on the impact of the new space economy on the current market dynamics, with the analysis of the area of interest identified above, the paper will infer useful elements to set up some guidance suggestions for the implementation of the pathways of integration and development of young companies operating in the space market. This perspective, includes a reflection on the multidisciplinary dimension involving space activities and the opportunity to stimulate educational programmes with a training offers that reflects the now inevitable need for a less sectoral preparation that allows professionals in the space sector to acquire a more comprehensive view of the dynamics of the market.","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120952724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.087
Francesco Bianchi, Rooderick Ciggaar, Ludovica Formisani, Benjamin Harrison, Carla Tamai, Vassili Tunjov
The student members of the Collaborative Space (systems) Design (CSD) project discuss its implementation and highlight its concepts. The CSD project is an elective course at the MSc Space Flight programme at the Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, where students exercise the design process of a space mission, spacecraft or a major spacecraft subsystem in a team setting, along with several important external stakeholders. Focus was given to the application of concurrent engineering and systems engineering techniques. Interaction between the students and the external stakeholders was also extremely valued. Two teams participated, one designing a liquid oxygen electric pump and one a CubeSat asteroid observer mission. In this work the students report their experience, highlighting how they approached the different phases of the design process. Positives and negatives of the course are also presented, together with some feedback on potential modifications to future editions of the course.
{"title":"Collaborative Space Design project: A student’s experience","authors":"Francesco Bianchi, Rooderick Ciggaar, Ludovica Formisani, Benjamin Harrison, Carla Tamai, Vassili Tunjov","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.087","url":null,"abstract":"The student members of the Collaborative Space (systems) Design (CSD) project discuss its implementation and highlight its concepts. The CSD project is an elective course at the MSc Space Flight programme at the Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, where students exercise the design process of a space mission, spacecraft or a major spacecraft subsystem in a team setting, along with several important external stakeholders. Focus was given to the application of concurrent engineering and systems engineering techniques. Interaction between the students and the external stakeholders was also extremely valued. Two teams participated, one designing a liquid oxygen electric pump and one a CubeSat asteroid observer mission. In this work the students report their experience, highlighting how they approached the different phases of the design process. Positives and negatives of the course are also presented, together with some feedback on potential \u0000modifications to future editions of the course.","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115657088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.108
Wan Faris Aizat Wan Aasim, Mai AlMazrouei, M. Okasha, Abdul-Halim Jallad
This paper presents the structural analysis of a remote sensing CubeSat planned for launch in Q4 2022. AlainSat-1 is a collaborative endeavour between the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society and the National Space Science and Technology Center at United Arab Emirates University. To ensure that the conceptual design of the satellite satisfies design requirements Quasi-Static Analysis, Modal Analysis and Random Vibration Analysis are conducted using SIEMENS NX. These analyses identify the satellite’s fundamental frequencies along with measuring the resulting deformations and stresses it experiences as a response to both the static and dynamic loads exerted by SpaceX’s Falcon 9 launch vehicle. Modal Analysis results show that the satellite’s lowest fundamental frequency 120.405Hz, complies with standards set by the QB50 Project and both Quasi-Static and Random Vibration analysis indicated that stress values are within safe limits. Issues detected during the various phases of the analyses such as occurrence of unusually high concentrated stresses and discrepancies between different element stress results are highlighted and the subsequent approach towards overcoming them are explained. Future work will involve validating obtained results experimentally using a vibration shaker test equipment on the actual AlainSat-1 structure.
{"title":"The structural analysis of AlainSat-1: An earth observation 3U CubeSat","authors":"Wan Faris Aizat Wan Aasim, Mai AlMazrouei, M. Okasha, Abdul-Halim Jallad","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.108","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the structural analysis of a remote sensing CubeSat planned for launch in Q4 2022. AlainSat-1 is a collaborative endeavour between the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society and the National Space Science and Technology Center at United Arab Emirates University. To ensure that the conceptual design of the satellite satisfies design requirements Quasi-Static Analysis, Modal Analysis and Random Vibration Analysis are conducted using SIEMENS NX. These analyses identify the satellite’s fundamental frequencies along with measuring the resulting deformations and stresses it experiences as a response to both the static and dynamic loads exerted by SpaceX’s Falcon 9 launch vehicle. Modal Analysis results show that the satellite’s lowest fundamental frequency 120.405Hz, complies with standards set by the QB50 Project and both Quasi-Static and Random Vibration analysis indicated that stress values are within safe limits. Issues detected during the various phases of the analyses such as occurrence of unusually high concentrated stresses and discrepancies between different element stress results are highlighted and the subsequent approach towards overcoming them are explained. Future work will involve validating obtained results experimentally using a vibration shaker test equipment on the actual AlainSat-1 structure.","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125196459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.113
Jack Reilly, D. Murphy, M. Doyle, Sarah Walsh, Sai Krishna Reddy Akarapu, D. de Faoite, Rachel Dunwoody, J. Erkal, Gabriel Finneran, Joe Mangan, Fergal Marshall, L. Salmon, Eoghan Somers, Joseph W. Thompson, A. Ulyanov, L. Hanlon, David J. McKeown, William J. O'Connor, R. Wall, S. McBreen
The Educational Irish Research Satellite (EIRSAT-1) is a 2U CubeSat being designed, built and tested at University College Dublin. A FlatSat platform known as EIRFLAT-1 has been constructed to enable the testing and development of the CubeSat. EIRFLAT-1 facilitates the electrical connections between CubeSat components while leaving key interfaces accessible for test equipment and allowing for the hot swapping of components. Commercial Off The Shelf and in-house developed hardware has been tested using EIRFLAT-1 at component, subsystem and full system level. In addition, the FlatSat has been used for flight software development. This paper describes the design of EIRFLAT-1 including electrical and mechanical components and additional ground support equipment developed to assist in the testing and development activities. EIRFLAT-1 has proven to be an invaluable tool for testing and has led to the discovery of issues and unexpected behaviour with flight hardware which would have contributed to schedule delays if undiscovered until after the satellite was assembled. Moreover, EIRFLAT-1 facilitated early and incremental testing of both software and operations procedures. The schematics for the electrical design of EIRFLAT-1, which is compatible with all CubeSat Kit PC/104 components, has been made publicly available for use by other educational CubeSat teams
{"title":"EIRFLAT-1: A FlatSat platform for the development and testing of the 2U CubeSat EIRSAT-1","authors":"Jack Reilly, D. Murphy, M. Doyle, Sarah Walsh, Sai Krishna Reddy Akarapu, D. de Faoite, Rachel Dunwoody, J. Erkal, Gabriel Finneran, Joe Mangan, Fergal Marshall, L. Salmon, Eoghan Somers, Joseph W. Thompson, A. Ulyanov, L. Hanlon, David J. McKeown, William J. O'Connor, R. Wall, S. McBreen","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.113","url":null,"abstract":"The Educational Irish Research Satellite (EIRSAT-1) is a 2U CubeSat being designed, built and tested at University College Dublin. A FlatSat platform known as EIRFLAT-1 has been constructed to enable the testing and development of the CubeSat. EIRFLAT-1 facilitates the electrical connections between CubeSat components while leaving key interfaces accessible for test equipment and allowing for the hot swapping of components. Commercial Off The Shelf and in-house developed hardware has been tested using EIRFLAT-1 at component, subsystem and full system level. In addition, the FlatSat has been used for flight software development. This paper describes the design of EIRFLAT-1 including electrical and mechanical components and additional ground support equipment developed to assist in the testing and development activities. EIRFLAT-1 has proven to be an invaluable tool for testing and has led to the discovery of issues and unexpected behaviour with flight hardware which would have contributed to schedule delays if undiscovered until after the satellite was assembled. Moreover, EIRFLAT-1 facilitated early and incremental testing of both software and operations procedures. The schematics for the electrical design of EIRFLAT-1, which is compatible with all CubeSat Kit PC/104 components, has been made publicly available for use by other educational CubeSat teams","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126368481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.057
Lana Laskey
With increasing global dependence on satellite technology, space traffic has grown exponentially over the last decade. Enhanced education and training of future mission operators will be necessary to meet this growing demand. The complexity of satellite mission operations poses a challenge in education and training. Remote spacecraft are elusive and difficult for a trainee to visualize and involve a steep learning curve. However, the integration of game-based virtual reality into spacecraft simulation and training may assist in overcoming these challenges. This research study explored the integration of game-based virtual reality into a university course involving spacecraft operations. Virtual spacewalks allowed student participants to conduct visual inspections and interact directly with spacecraft components. The immersive virtual reality environment prolonged cognitive engagement and game mechanics influenced motivation, both cornerstones in learning. After completing the training scenarios, user experience was assessed with several validated scales measuring system usability, user satisfaction, cognitive loading, and any potential simulator sickness. Results revealed satisfactory scores in all categories with minimal simulator sickness. The integrated use of game-based virtual reality in the classroom provided an enhanced learning experience in a safe and repeatable environment that might be difficult with traditional teaching methods. This paper will evaluate game-based virtual reality when integrated into higher education or other training environments
{"title":"Space games: evaluating game-based virtual reality in higher education","authors":"Lana Laskey","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.057","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing global dependence on satellite technology, space traffic has grown exponentially over the last decade. Enhanced education and training of future mission operators will be necessary to meet this growing demand. The complexity of satellite mission operations poses a challenge in education and training. Remote spacecraft are elusive and difficult for a trainee to visualize and involve a steep learning curve. However, the integration of game-based virtual reality into spacecraft simulation and training may assist in overcoming these challenges. This research study explored the integration of game-based virtual reality into a university course involving spacecraft operations. Virtual spacewalks allowed student participants to conduct visual inspections and interact directly with spacecraft components. The immersive virtual reality environment prolonged cognitive engagement and game mechanics influenced motivation, both cornerstones in learning. After completing the training scenarios, user experience was assessed with several validated scales measuring system usability, user satisfaction, cognitive loading, and any potential simulator sickness. Results revealed satisfactory scores in all categories with minimal simulator sickness. The integrated use of game-based virtual reality in the classroom provided an enhanced learning experience in a safe and repeatable environment that might be difficult with traditional teaching methods. This paper will evaluate game-based virtual reality when integrated into higher education or other training environments","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"25 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123428129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.013
H. Sana, C. Gielen
Organized by KU Leuven and Ghent University, two leading Belgian universities, the Master of Space Studies is an interdisciplinary post-master program that aims to equip students with the skills they need to initiate a career in the space sector. Beyond the deepening of their initial expertise, the program exposes the participating students to a broad range of topics, from human science (space law and policy, international organizations, project management, ...), to technical science (space missions, spacecraft and payload engineering, satellite telecommunications, ...), and exact sciences (Earth and Space observations, medical sciences, human explorations, ...) with the aim to provide the students with a broad overview of the interdisciplinary expertise required by many space projects. Initiated in the late 2000s, the program has served as a gateway into the space sector for over 100 students since its creation. After a brief introduction to the program, we present a programmatic analysis, based on quantitative and qualitative surveys of students and alumni. We present the demographic, career tracks and current professional situations of students in the last 10 years, allowing us to identify trends that affects tertiary education to space sector. We conclude by briefly highlighting other ongoing space education activities, from the Belgian antenna of ESERO to the involvement of students in CubeSpec, a 6U CubeSat platform selected as ESA in-flight demonstrator to enable low-cost versatile spectroscopy of astronomical targets
{"title":"The advanced Master of Space Studies at KU Leuven and Ghent University: Trends and tendencies in the program demographics","authors":"H. Sana, C. Gielen","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.013","url":null,"abstract":"Organized by KU Leuven and Ghent University, two leading Belgian universities, the Master of Space Studies is an interdisciplinary post-master program that aims to equip students with the skills they need to initiate a career in the space sector. Beyond the deepening of their initial expertise, the program exposes the participating students to a broad range of topics, from human science (space law and policy, international organizations, project management, ...), to technical science (space missions, spacecraft and payload engineering, satellite telecommunications, ...), and exact sciences (Earth and Space observations, medical sciences, human explorations, ...) with the aim to provide the students with a broad overview of the interdisciplinary expertise required by many space projects. Initiated in the late 2000s, the program has served as a gateway into the space sector for over 100 students since its creation. After a brief introduction to the program, we present a programmatic analysis, based on quantitative and qualitative surveys of students and alumni. We present the demographic, career tracks and current professional situations of students in the last 10 years, allowing us to identify trends that affects tertiary education to space sector. We conclude by briefly highlighting other ongoing space education activities, from the Belgian antenna of ESERO to the involvement of students in CubeSpec, a 6U CubeSat platform selected as ESA in-flight demonstrator to enable low-cost versatile spectroscopy of astronomical targets","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114019850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.102
Mario Andre Zuegner
Based on the observations of the Cassini-Huygens space exploration mission, Saturn's moon Enceladus was found to be a very promising subject in the solar system for further exploration and follow-up research, especially focusing on the potential of extraterrestrial life and its origin. Near its South Pole, fountains, specified plumes, consisting mostly of water vapor and small salt-rich ice grains with intermittent activity were observed at the surface. With supersonic speed the water vapor is exiting the trenches known as Tiger Stripes. The driving force of these plumes are not completely understood yet. In current models, Enceladus is expected to consist of a rocky core, surrounded by an ocean of liquid water and covered by a layer of ice. The observed phenomenon is assumed to be caused by the tidal forces that act upon Enceladus. However, several models try to describe the underlying physical processes. Various investigations have recognized the astrobiological potential of Enceladus, even proposed a concept for a sample return for further research in relation to the subsurface ocean. Cassini ́s existing analysis already identified CH4, CO, CO2, simple and complex organics at an altitude of approximately 190 km which allow the assumption of supersonic speeds. That said, the goal of our experiment is to gain further indices/evidence to support the current models of the plumes. Our experiment takes place on a sounding rocket which gives access to a stable vacuum and microgravity in addition. The achieved altitude with its physical environment provides almost the conditions at Enceladus related to the gravitation. The rocket module contains a pressurized and heated water reservoir which is connected via an injection system with the evaporation chamber. On the top a convergent-divergent nozzle is welded. Furthermore a nozzle cover system and a locking mechanism are integrated. At apogee, the nozzle shall be opened and the fluid stream (assumingly made up of ice, water droplets and vapor) shall exit the module at about Mach 2. The necessary fluid-dynamic data is gathered by multiple temperature and pressure measurements at different points on the module. So, the vapor stream shall be compared to the expectations based on the models. Finally it is to mention that our project is still running and waiting for its launch. Caused through the Corona crisis and the Ukraine war the launch cycle was canceled two years in succession. With much luck the rocket will launch in March 2023.
{"title":"Ice moon research – A phenomenon called plume","authors":"Mario Andre Zuegner","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.102","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the observations of the Cassini-Huygens space exploration mission, Saturn's moon Enceladus was found to be a very promising subject in the solar system for further exploration and follow-up research, especially focusing on the potential of extraterrestrial life and its origin. \u0000Near its South Pole, fountains, specified plumes, consisting mostly of water vapor and small salt-rich ice grains with intermittent activity were observed at the surface. With supersonic speed the water vapor is exiting the trenches known as Tiger Stripes. The driving force of these plumes are not completely understood yet. In current models, Enceladus is expected to consist of a rocky core, surrounded by an ocean of liquid water and covered by a layer of ice. The observed phenomenon is assumed to be caused by the tidal forces that act upon Enceladus. However, several models try to describe the underlying physical processes. Various investigations have recognized the astrobiological potential of Enceladus, even proposed a concept for a sample return for further research in relation to the subsurface ocean. Cassini ́s existing analysis already identified CH4, CO, CO2, simple and complex organics at an altitude of approximately 190 km which allow the assumption of supersonic speeds. That said, the goal of our experiment is to gain further indices/evidence to support the current models of the plumes. Our experiment takes place on a sounding rocket which gives access to a stable vacuum and microgravity in addition. The achieved altitude with its physical environment provides almost the conditions at Enceladus related to the gravitation. The rocket module contains a pressurized and heated water reservoir which is connected via an injection system with the evaporation chamber. On the top a convergent-divergent nozzle is welded. Furthermore a nozzle cover system and a locking mechanism are integrated. At apogee, the nozzle shall be opened and the fluid stream (assumingly made up of ice, water droplets and vapor) shall exit the module at about Mach 2. The necessary fluid-dynamic data is gathered by multiple temperature and pressure measurements at different points on the module. So, the vapor stream shall be compared to the expectations based on the models. Finally it is to mention that our project is still running and waiting for its launch. Caused through the Corona crisis and the Ukraine war the launch cycle was canceled two years in succession. With much luck the rocket will launch in March 2023.","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129393276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.048
V. Eschelmüller, A. Stren, M. Issa, J. Bauer, A. Goswami, E. Vitztum, K. Repän, W. Treberspurg, C. Scharlemann
Based on its successful CubeSat mission PEGASUS, the University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt (FHWN) is preparing its new CubeSat mission called CLIMB. CLIMB is a 3U CubeSat that will be launched to a low, circular orbit of about 500 km. Using a Field Emission Electric Propulsion (FEEP) system commercialized by the company ENPULSION, the satellite will be lifted to an elliptical orbit with its apogee around 1000 km – well inside the inner Van Allen belt. During its 1.5 yearlong ascent and its operation in the Van Allen belt, the satellite will continuously monitor the space radiation with a RadFET dosimeter payload and the impact on CLIMB’s subsystems. Comparisons with radiation testing on ground will allow the assessment of the capability of ground tests to predict effects of space radiation on CubeSat subsystems. The operation of the propulsion system will raise the satellite’s apogee on average 16 times a day. A comprehensive analysis has been conducted to assess its collision probability throughout its mission time. Using various tools, provided by ESA (CROC, MASTER and the DRAMA ARES python package), the collision probability for the entire mission duration (~3 years) was calculated to be 3.38 × 10-5, i.e. a magnitude smaller than the requested probability of 10-4. The second payload of CLIMB is an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) magnetometer with a, for CubeSats high, sensitivity of about 10 nT RMS. The first results of measurements with this COTS based magnetometer are presented as well as experimental assessments of the satellite’s magnetic cleanliness. The benign thermal conditions on CubeSats operating close to Earth are complicated by the relatively high-power propulsion system onboard CLIMB. Detailed numerical analysis (ANSYS, ESATAN) and experimental verifications resulted in the identification of possible methods to deal with up to 18 W of dissipated electric power. The main heat sources are the thruster and the battery unit, during thruster operation
基于其成功的立方体卫星任务PEGASUS，维也纳新城应用科学大学(FHWN)正在准备其新的立方体卫星任务，称为CLIMB。CLIMB是一颗3U的立方体卫星，将被发射到大约500公里的低圆形轨道上。使用由enpel公司商业化的场发射电力推进(FEEP)系统，卫星将被提升到一个椭圆形轨道，其远地点约为1000公里-完全在范艾伦带内。在其长达1.5年的上升和在范艾伦带的运行期间，卫星将使用RadFET剂量计载荷持续监测空间辐射以及对CLIMB子系统的影响。通过与地面辐射试验的比较，可以评估地面试验预测空间辐射对立方体卫星子系统影响的能力。推进系统的运行将使卫星的远地点平均每天上升16次。对其在整个任务时间内的碰撞概率进行了综合分析。利用欧空局提供的各种工具(CROC、MASTER和DRAMA ARES python包)，计算出整个任务期间(~3年)的碰撞概率为3.38 × 10-5，即比要求的10-4的概率小。CLIMB的第二个有效载荷是一个各向异性磁阻(AMR)磁强计，对于CubeSats来说，其灵敏度约为10 nT RMS。介绍了这种基于COTS的磁力计的初步测量结果以及对卫星磁洁净度的实验评估。在靠近地球的立方体卫星上运行的良好的热条件由于相对高功率的推进系统而变得复杂。详细的数值分析(ANSYS, ESATAN)和实验验证确定了处理高达18w耗散电力的可能方法。在推进器运行过程中，主要热源是推进器和电池单元
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Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.030
Anita Alfano, Paola Sarti, Ludovico Bernasconi, Elisabetta Rurale, M. Sala, L. Sironi, Mario Zannoni, A. Bernagozzi, L. Montani
“Spazio allo Spazio", active since 2010, involves students aged 5 to 20. This educational project was launched by a group of Italian teachers from the Lower Secondary School Fermi in Villasanta who believed Space exploration could be an efficient way to convey the idea that the extraordinary experience of the astronaut, who on the International Space Station must acquire new skills and be able to dominate a challenging and unpredictable context, similar to a disabled person's routine in daily life. This was a winning choice because gradually international institutions promoted similar initiatives. The central theme of space exploration is used to promote values of sustainability, equity and diversity, allowing students to become acquainted with the world of astronauts while facing subjects related to integration and disability. Several national and international universities and institutions, at the forefront of scientific research, have contributed to this project. The main topics of the project are: 1) Space exploration: the astronaut's experience is the starting point for lessons, cultural exchanges, lectures and interdisciplinary strategies to raise awareness about humans in space, the international cooperation for the International Space Station, physical training, technical, scientific and cultural preparation. 2) Career orientation: meetings with experts in different fields, from Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics to Arts and Physical Education, help students achieve better knowledge of themselves, their potential and limits acquiring skills in scientific research methodology in a multilingual environment. 3) Inclusion: as astronauts experience the limits of gravity and disability in Space, students can face their limits, through experiences of adapted physical activity, addressing issues related to the integration and insertion of people with different skills in school and society. 4) Team building: starting from the example of collaboration which takes place in space missions and scientific research, students are encouraged to experience teamwork. This is true for the teachers too, thanks to the strengthening of cooperative teaching, in the sharing of resources and good practices as well as in the implementation of innovative forms of communication and multimedia documentation. The project aims at making students able to face new and more advanced educational challenges and cognitive objectives, developing work strategies by transferring already tested approaches and processes to new situations. This is noticeable in the more self-conscious choices that former students have made about their future. An example is illustrated by an ex-student who directed his training path in the Science and Engineering field
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