Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.016
M. Wylie, L. Barilaro
It has been observed that similar metallic materials, when in contact and undergoing relative displacements, can fuse or weld. In standard atmospheric conditions it is not common but in the space environment the inability of the surface interfaces to re-oxide after abrasive contact is hindered, atomic diffusion of the metal occurs, and this can lead to fusion. Oscillatory motion and Hertzian contact stress between the two surfaces plays a major role in the strength of the cold welded joint. It has been shown that the action of a low fretting load can almost double the adhesion force under cyclic loading even in terrestrial atmospheric conditions. In space, cold welding was first identified in the 1960’s as an adverse reaction. It has been attributed to anomalies and failures of deployable mechanisms. Other research has alluded to the potential of this phenomena for use in spacecraft repair in space. Examples where this may hold promise is repair of a spacecraft hull breach after hypervelocity impacts due to micrometeoroids or orbital debris. This research proposes an investigation into cold welding for use in spacecraft hull repair. The research intends to qualify an experimental apparatus to TRL 4 using a sub-orbital sounding rocket platform. A joint research effort between the Aerospace, Mechanical and Electronic Department at I.T. Carlow, Ireland, the Department of Aviation at Malta College of Arts, Science, and Technology, Malta is underway. The project aims at developing a test apparatus to apply a number of custom patches to simulated hypervelocity spacecraft hull breaches and investigate the adhesion properties during re-entry for a range of mechanical application conditions. A number of chambers may be tested and monitored using pressure transducers. After Phase 1 (terrestrial development and validation using a vacuum chamber), there will be an application to education based space programmes such as the one offered by the European Space Agency (REXUS). The core of the activity will be the design and testing of the experimental payload, simulating hull breaches, deployment the repair patch and monitoring of its performance during re-entry (Phase 2). The recovery of the payload will allow further metallurgical analysis of the cold welded joint (Phase 3). A conceptual 3-D model of the payload has been developed and is presented here. The data acquired from the sub-orbital flight experiment will test the validity of the hypothesis for use of cold welding for spacecraft hull repair but will also detail the development and implementation of mock hypervelocity impacts to rocket skin for the purposes of simulating hull breaches in the space environment
{"title":"An investigation into cold weld adhesion for spacecraft repair after a space debris impact using space education based sub-orbital sounding rocket platform","authors":"M. Wylie, L. Barilaro","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.016","url":null,"abstract":"It has been observed that similar metallic materials, when in contact and undergoing relative displacements, can fuse or weld. In standard atmospheric conditions it is not common but in the space environment the inability of the surface interfaces to re-oxide after abrasive contact is hindered, atomic diffusion of the metal occurs, and this can lead to fusion. Oscillatory motion and Hertzian contact stress between the two surfaces plays a major role in the strength of the cold welded joint. It has been shown that the action of a low fretting load can almost double the adhesion force under cyclic loading even in terrestrial atmospheric conditions. In space, cold welding was first identified in the 1960’s as an adverse reaction. It has been attributed to anomalies and failures of deployable mechanisms. Other research has alluded to the potential of this phenomena for use in spacecraft repair in space. Examples where this may hold promise is repair of a spacecraft hull breach after hypervelocity impacts due to micrometeoroids or orbital debris. This research proposes an investigation into cold welding for use in spacecraft hull repair. The research intends to qualify an experimental apparatus to TRL 4 using a sub-orbital sounding rocket platform. A joint research effort between the Aerospace, Mechanical and Electronic Department at I.T. Carlow, Ireland, the Department of Aviation at Malta College of Arts, Science, and Technology, Malta is underway. The project aims at developing a test apparatus to apply a number of custom patches to simulated hypervelocity spacecraft hull breaches and investigate the adhesion properties during re-entry for a range of mechanical application conditions. A number of chambers may be tested and monitored using pressure transducers. After Phase 1 (terrestrial development and validation using a vacuum chamber), there will be an application to education based space programmes such as the one offered by the European Space Agency (REXUS). The core of the activity will be the design and testing of the experimental payload, simulating hull breaches, deployment the repair patch and monitoring of its performance during re-entry (Phase 2). The recovery of the payload will allow further metallurgical analysis of the cold welded joint (Phase 3). A conceptual 3-D model of the payload has been developed and is presented here. The data acquired from the sub-orbital flight experiment will test the validity of the hypothesis for use of cold welding for spacecraft hull repair but will also detail the development and implementation of mock hypervelocity impacts to rocket skin for the purposes of simulating hull breaches in the space environment","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115423763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.058
Sara M. Langston
Law and policy provide the foundation for space actors engaging in space activities. Likewise, various levels of policy and regulation apply internationally, domestically, and even institutionally to both governmental and nongovernmental entities. Consequently, teaching the policy frameworks for space regulations and best practices is essential for a comprehensive university curriculum in space education. Challenges arise, however, when instructing technical and non-policy university students in humanities-centered topics. Reading comprehension, writing ability, critical thinking, and communication skills are critical elements of policy education, yet many technically oriented students struggle with these requirements. Given these are fundamental skillsets necessary for success in both academia and a dynamic space work force, adapting traditional teaching methodologies may be required to optimize desired learning outcomes for technical student audiences. Customizable strategies exist that can combine and scale these fundamental skillsets with substantive content and materials, providing a range of teaching and learning modalities for study, assessment, and experience. This presentation will highlight potential learning approaches tried at one aeronautical university to address these challenges. For instance, overarching strategies may include commencing with a visual of the student journey (much like a user journey in an investment pitch) delineating the value-added experience for students engaging in course content, and building substantive skill-based learning components which are introduced sequentially and with increasing level of difficulty. Examples of learning methodologies include applying Bloom’s Taxonomy in assignment creation. Most importantly: 1) Knowledge: involves identifying, understanding and remembering core content (e.g. pop quizzes, reading quizzes, cumulative review quizzes, question bank assessments); 2) Analysis: involves reading comprehension, interpretation, evaluation, analysis (e.g. essays, summaries, case studies); 3) Application: involves investigation, research and designing research projects (e.g. research articles, posters, digital presentations, short videos). Scaffolding assignments and artifacts into manageable pieces throughout the semester is key to guiding students towards success and reducing potential for ‘expert blind spots.’ Lastly, an end-of-course review and self-reflection of the student journey is helpful in underlining the critical thinking process and provide a visual review of the student journey in acquiring substantive knowledge, skills, and experience throughout the term
{"title":"Space education: challenges and strategies in teaching space policy to technical university students","authors":"Sara M. Langston","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.058","url":null,"abstract":"Law and policy provide the foundation for space actors engaging in space activities. Likewise, various levels of policy and regulation apply internationally, domestically, and even institutionally to both governmental and nongovernmental entities. Consequently, teaching the policy frameworks for space regulations and best practices is essential for a comprehensive university curriculum in space education. Challenges arise, however, when instructing technical and non-policy university students in humanities-centered topics. Reading comprehension, writing ability, critical thinking, and communication skills are critical elements of policy education, yet many technically oriented students struggle with these requirements. Given these are fundamental skillsets necessary for success in both academia and a dynamic space work force, adapting traditional teaching methodologies may be required to optimize desired learning outcomes for technical student audiences. Customizable strategies exist that can combine and scale these fundamental skillsets with substantive content and materials, providing a range of teaching and learning modalities for study, assessment, and experience. This presentation will highlight potential learning approaches tried at one aeronautical university to address these challenges. For instance, overarching strategies may include commencing with a visual of the student journey (much like a user journey in an investment pitch) delineating the value-added experience for students engaging in course content, and building substantive skill-based learning components which are introduced sequentially and with increasing level of difficulty. Examples of learning methodologies include applying Bloom’s Taxonomy in assignment creation. Most importantly: 1) Knowledge: involves identifying, understanding and remembering core content (e.g. pop quizzes, reading quizzes, cumulative review quizzes, question bank assessments); 2) Analysis: involves reading comprehension, interpretation, evaluation, analysis (e.g. essays, summaries, case studies); 3) Application: involves investigation, research and designing research projects (e.g. research articles, posters, digital presentations, short videos). Scaffolding assignments and artifacts into manageable pieces throughout the semester is key to guiding students towards success and reducing potential for ‘expert blind spots.’ Lastly, an end-of-course review and self-reflection of the student journey is helpful in underlining the critical thinking process and provide a visual review of the student journey in acquiring substantive knowledge, skills, and experience throughout the term","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114341456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.116
Mateusz Zalasiewicz, Aqeel Shamsul, G. Sinclair, A. Bolliand, Romain Giraud, D. Cullen, Michael Cooke
BAMMsat-on-BEXUS is a student-led project in which a CubeSat-compatible payload was designed, manufactured, and flown on the BEXUS30 stratospheric balloon. The prototype payload – BAMMsat (Biology, Astrobiology, Medicine, and Materials Science on satellite) – is a modular CubeSat-compatible miniaturised laboratory termed a bioCubeSat. The core flight objective was to perform technology demonstration of the bioCubeSat technology, demonstrating capability to perform experiments in space, and to understand system performance and identify future requirements. The mission aimed to validate pre-flight, flight, and post-flight operations, with a focus on biological and autonomous operations and the novel payload hardware. C. elegans samples were flown in the payload. The mission was partially successful, as the BAMMsat systems and autonomous software operated successfully despite challenging conditions and a large volume of payload performance data was collected; however there were issues maintaining the viability of the samples during flight and microfluidic system issues that impeded sample containment and imaging operations. Post-flight analysis has been performed, the root causes of the issues identified, and upgraded novel payload hardware is currently being developed and tested.
{"title":"Flight hardware and software operations performance review for BAMMsat-on-BEXUS – a BioCubeSat prototype flown on BEXUS30","authors":"Mateusz Zalasiewicz, Aqeel Shamsul, G. Sinclair, A. Bolliand, Romain Giraud, D. Cullen, Michael Cooke","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.116","url":null,"abstract":"BAMMsat-on-BEXUS is a student-led project in which a CubeSat-compatible payload was designed, manufactured, and flown on the BEXUS30 stratospheric balloon. The prototype payload – BAMMsat (Biology, Astrobiology, Medicine, and Materials Science on satellite) – is a modular CubeSat-compatible miniaturised laboratory termed a bioCubeSat. The core flight objective was to perform technology demonstration of the bioCubeSat technology, demonstrating capability to perform experiments in space, and to understand system performance and identify future requirements. The mission aimed to validate pre-flight, flight, and post-flight operations, with a focus on biological and autonomous operations and the novel payload hardware. C. elegans samples were flown in the payload. The mission was partially successful, as the BAMMsat systems and autonomous software operated successfully despite challenging conditions and a large volume of payload performance data was collected; however there were issues maintaining the viability of the samples during flight and microfluidic system issues that impeded sample containment and imaging operations. Post-flight analysis has been performed, the root causes of the issues identified, and upgraded novel payload hardware is currently being developed and tested.","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114619421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.064
Markus Grass, Tharshan Maheswaran, Gisela Detrell Domingo
The Stuttgart Space Station Design Workshop, aimed at university students and young professionals, focuses on the conceptual design of a space station in an interdisciplinary and international environment within a limited timeframe. It lasts about one week and has been carried out by the Institute of Space Systems – University of Stuttgart for over 20 years. The goal of the workshop, besides its educational purpose, is to obtain creative solutions from the future generation of space experts. For the participants, the SSDW offers a unique opportunity for learning by doing and to get involved in a space project. Participants do not only need to apply their knowledge obtained during their university courses but also to put in practice and improve soft skills. The workshop starts with some lectures in relevant fields such as Project Management, Systems Engineering, as well as the different subsystems, for example Life Support. The participants are then divided into two teams. To monitor the teams’ progress several milestones and reviews are planned during the week. Several tools, guides, recipes and experts are available during the workshop. Within the team, each member has a specific role, which is defined before the workshop starts, allowing preparation. The mission statement of the workshop changes every year, adapting to the current plans on human spaceflight exploration. The results of the last editions have been presented at international renowned conferences. In 2020, due to the current COVID-19 situation the workshop was cancelled. In 2021, with increasing vaccination rates in Europe, the situation had improved. However, carrying out such an international in-person workshop was still not an option. For that, the core team decided to carry out for the first time the SSDW in a digital form. Adapting the existing workshop to a digital form presented many challenges but at the same time offered many opportunities. This version has allowed to join participants and staff, that would not have been able to attend in-person, and has also opened new possibilities of communication, using currently existing tools. This paper first introduces the main characteristics of the workshop before it presents a comparison between the 2019 edition, which took place in-person, and the 2021 edition, the first digital SSDW. It summarizes the activities that took place during the one-week workshop, the tools used, and the feedback provided by the participants and staff
{"title":"The space station design workshop goes digital - opportunities and challenges during pandemic-times","authors":"Markus Grass, Tharshan Maheswaran, Gisela Detrell Domingo","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.064","url":null,"abstract":"The Stuttgart Space Station Design Workshop, aimed at university students and young professionals, focuses on the conceptual design of a space station in an interdisciplinary and international environment within a limited timeframe. It lasts about one week and has been carried out by the Institute of Space Systems – University of Stuttgart for over 20 years. The goal of the workshop, besides its educational purpose, is to obtain creative solutions from the future generation of space experts. For the participants, the SSDW offers a unique opportunity for learning by doing and to get involved in a space project. Participants do not only need to apply their knowledge obtained during their university courses but also to put in practice and improve soft skills. The workshop starts with some lectures in relevant fields such as Project Management, Systems Engineering, as well as the different subsystems, for example Life Support. The participants are then divided into two teams. To monitor the teams’ progress several milestones and reviews are planned during the week. Several tools, guides, recipes and experts are available during the workshop. Within the team, each member has a specific role, which is defined before the workshop starts, allowing preparation. The mission statement of the workshop changes every year, adapting to the current plans on human spaceflight exploration. The results of the last editions have been presented at international renowned conferences. In 2020, due to the current COVID-19 situation the workshop was cancelled. In 2021, with increasing vaccination rates in Europe, the situation had improved. However, carrying out such an international in-person workshop was still not an option. For that, the core team decided to carry out for the first time the SSDW in a digital form. Adapting the existing workshop to a digital form presented many challenges but at the same time offered many opportunities. This version has allowed to join participants and staff, that would not have been able to attend in-person, and has also opened new possibilities of communication, using currently existing tools. This paper first introduces the main characteristics of the workshop before it presents a comparison between the 2019 edition, which took place in-person, and the 2021 edition, the first digital SSDW. It summarizes the activities that took place during the one-week workshop, the tools used, and the feedback provided by the participants and staff","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114804595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.137
A. Gloder, M. Tajmar, Christian Bach
The field of access to space is wide and complex, and it involves several disciplines and areas of expertise such as propulsion physics, software development, experimental studies, numerical simulations, thermodynamics, missionisation, etc. A gap in the training of young European researchers at doctoral level has been identified in this field, as no high-level education programme exists with the ability to range across such a large range of research topics. With the aim to fill this gap, 24 European entities from academia, industry and research centers have partnered in the framework of "ASCenSIon", an Innovative Training Network funded by the European Commission within the Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska Curie Action. The objective of the project is to contribute to the establishment of a both ecologically and economically sustainable space access for Europe, therefore advancing its State of the Art. This is achieved by training 15 Early Stage Researchers of different background, nationality, gender and age, to become experts in their fields and to have a deep understanding of the access to space domain as a whole. Within ASCenSIon, the Early Stage Researchers, who are enrolled in a PhD programme, acquire both technical and transferable skills thanks to an inclusive and diverse training programme held at local and project level. Unlike more ordinary PhDs, the training offered by ASCenSIon does not only focus on narrow scopes of research fields, one domain (e.g. industry or academia) and one country. It features instead an interdisciplinary, intersectoral and multicultural approach. The offer includes training events in different forms, such as workshops, lectures, experimental weeks and summer schools, which are complemented by the participation in conferences and similar events. Given that the project started in January 2020 and will end in December 2023, this paper provides a midterm overview of the project and the lessons learned so far, with a particular focus on the remote vs in-person training experience forced by the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak.
{"title":"ASCenSIon innovative training network: mid-term overview and lessons learned","authors":"A. Gloder, M. Tajmar, Christian Bach","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.137","url":null,"abstract":"The field of access to space is wide and complex, and it involves several disciplines and areas of expertise such as propulsion physics, software development, experimental studies, numerical simulations, thermodynamics, missionisation, etc. A gap in the training of young European researchers at doctoral level has been identified in this field, as no high-level education programme exists with the ability to range across such a large range of research topics. With the aim to fill this gap, 24 European entities from academia, industry and research centers have partnered in the framework of \"ASCenSIon\", an Innovative Training Network funded by the European Commission within the Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska Curie Action. The objective of the project is to contribute to the establishment of a both ecologically and economically sustainable space access for Europe, therefore advancing its State of the Art. This is achieved by training 15 Early Stage Researchers of different background, nationality, gender and age, to become experts in their fields and to have a deep understanding of the access to space domain as a whole. Within ASCenSIon, the Early Stage Researchers, who are enrolled in a PhD programme, acquire both technical and transferable skills thanks to an inclusive and diverse training programme held at local and project level. Unlike more ordinary PhDs, the training offered by ASCenSIon does not only focus on narrow scopes of research fields, one domain (e.g. industry or academia) and one country. It features instead an interdisciplinary, intersectoral and multicultural approach. The offer includes training events in different forms, such as workshops, lectures, experimental weeks and summer schools, which are complemented by the participation in conferences and similar events. Given that the project started in January 2020 and will end in December 2023, this paper provides a midterm overview of the project and the lessons learned so far, with a particular focus on the remote vs in-person training experience forced by the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak.","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126740513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.044
Marcela Salazar Moscoso, Silvia Joly Ruiz Castellanos, G. Anglada Escudé, Laia Ribas Cabezas
All living organisms that inhabit Earth have evolved under a common value of gravity, which amounts to an acceleration of 9.81 m/s2 at mean sea level. Changes on it could cause important alterations that affect vital biological functions. The crescent interest in spatial exploration has opened the question of how exactly these changes in gravity would affect Earth life forms on space environments. This work is the result of a collaborative co-supervision of a master thesis between experts in the area of space sciences and biology, and it can serve as a case study for training experts in such interdisciplinary environments. In particular, we focus on the effect of gravity as a pressure factor in the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in the larval stage as a model organism using up-to-date (genomic and epigenetic) techniques. Given the high cost of any experiment in true low gravity (which would require a space launch), we performed an initial experiment in hypergravity to develop the methodologies and identify good (epi)genetic markers of the effect of gravity in our model organism. Previous studies in zebrafish have shown how alteration in gravity effects the development and the gene expression of important regulatory genes. For this study, we firstly customized a small laboratory scale centrifuge to study changes in fish physiology together with changes at molecular levels. We exposed zebrafish larvae from 0 to 6 days post fertilization to the simulated hypergravity (SHG) (100 rpm 3g). After 6 days of hypergravity exposition the larvae showed changes in their swimming and flotation patterns, and presented corporal alterations. Then, we assessed gene expression of genes implicated in important biological processes, (e.g., epigenetics), and an upregulation were observed when compared to the control. Taken together, these preliminary findings show how gravity alterations could affect some basic biological responses, and illustrate the potential of developing new science cases to be developed by students at postgraduate level (MSc and beyond) in a multidisciplinary environment
{"title":"Hypergravity induces changes in physiology, gene expression and epigenetics in zebrafish","authors":"Marcela Salazar Moscoso, Silvia Joly Ruiz Castellanos, G. Anglada Escudé, Laia Ribas Cabezas","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.044","url":null,"abstract":"All living organisms that inhabit Earth have evolved under a common value of gravity, which amounts to an acceleration of 9.81 m/s2 at mean sea level. Changes on it could cause important alterations that affect vital biological functions. The crescent interest in spatial exploration has opened the question of how exactly these changes in gravity would affect Earth life forms on space environments. This work is the result of a collaborative co-supervision of a master thesis between experts in the area of space sciences and biology, and it can serve as a case study for training experts in such interdisciplinary environments. In particular, we focus on the effect of gravity as a pressure factor in the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in the larval stage as a model organism using up-to-date (genomic and epigenetic) techniques. Given the high cost of any experiment in true low gravity (which would require a space launch), we performed an initial experiment in hypergravity to develop the methodologies and identify good (epi)genetic markers of the effect of gravity in our model organism. Previous studies in zebrafish have shown how alteration in gravity effects the development and the gene expression of important regulatory genes. For this study, we firstly customized a small laboratory scale centrifuge to study changes in fish physiology together with changes at molecular levels. We exposed zebrafish larvae from 0 to 6 days post fertilization to the simulated hypergravity (SHG) (100 rpm 3g). After 6 days of hypergravity exposition the larvae showed changes in their swimming and flotation patterns, and presented corporal alterations. Then, we assessed gene expression of genes implicated in important biological processes, (e.g., epigenetics), and an upregulation were observed when compared to the control. Taken together, these preliminary findings show how gravity alterations could affect some basic biological responses, and illustrate the potential of developing new science cases to be developed by students at postgraduate level (MSc and beyond) in a multidisciplinary environment","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126405499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.110
Zaria Serfontein, M. Rigamonti, Edouard Demers, Gonzalo Temprano, J. Kingston
Space engineering students and academics from Cranfield University have developed two space debris mitigation drag sail concepts and three sails are currently in orbit. The sails enable a reduced time to atmospheric re-entry by increasing the natural aerodynamic drag forces acting on the host satellite. Intended to be used on small, low Earth orbit satellites, these sails provide a low-cost solution to achieving compliance with the IADC target of removal from orbit within 25 years of end-of-mission. The LEOniDAS team, comprising one PhD and three MSc students, submitted a proposal to the ESA Fly Your Thesis! parabolic flight campaign to perform microgravity deployment testing on a more scalable and adaptable hybrid design. The project aimed to qualify the new design, provide a better understanding of deployment behaviour in microgravity and allow for a deeper understanding of the effect of deployment on the host satellite. Participation in the programme provided significant educational benefits to the students involved, resulting in three Masters theses and a major input to a PhD thesis, as well as publications and outreach activities. The experiment was presented by the students at the ESA Academy Gravity-Related Training week in January 2021. There followed extensive design, prototyping and assembly work, with regular review and input from ESA and Novespace, culminating in the two-week parabolic flight campaign in October 2021. The planned deployment experiments were successfully completed across all three flights, with the experimenters accumulating a total of more than 30 minutes of microgravity. Data on dynamics of the sail deployments was recorded via high-speed video cameras, accelerometers and torque sensors. This paper will highlight the key scientific and educational achievements of the project, and summarise the lessons learned for the benefit of future participants in this exceptional student opportunity.
{"title":"LEOniDAS drag sail experiment on the 2021 ESA Fly Your Thesis! parabolic flight campaign","authors":"Zaria Serfontein, M. Rigamonti, Edouard Demers, Gonzalo Temprano, J. Kingston","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.110","url":null,"abstract":"Space engineering students and academics from Cranfield University have developed two space debris mitigation drag sail concepts and three sails are currently in orbit. The sails enable a reduced time to atmospheric re-entry by increasing the natural aerodynamic drag forces acting on the host satellite. Intended to be used on small, low Earth orbit satellites, these sails provide a low-cost solution to achieving compliance with the IADC target of removal from orbit within 25 years of end-of-mission. The LEOniDAS team, comprising one PhD and three MSc students, submitted a proposal to the ESA Fly Your Thesis! parabolic flight campaign to perform microgravity deployment testing on a more scalable and adaptable hybrid design. The project aimed to qualify the new design, provide a better understanding of deployment behaviour in microgravity and allow for a deeper understanding of the effect of deployment on the host satellite. Participation in the programme provided significant \u0000educational benefits to the students involved, resulting in three Masters theses and a major input to a PhD thesis, as well as publications and outreach activities. The experiment was presented by the students at the ESA Academy Gravity-Related Training week in January 2021. There followed extensive design, prototyping and assembly work, with regular review and input from ESA and Novespace, culminating in the two-week parabolic flight campaign in October 2021. The planned deployment experiments were successfully completed across all three flights, with \u0000the experimenters accumulating a total of more than 30 minutes of microgravity. Data on dynamics of the sail deployments was recorded via high-speed video cameras, accelerometers and torque sensors. This paper will highlight the key scientific and educational achievements of the project, and summarise the lessons learned for the benefit of future participants in this exceptional student opportunity.","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125464471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.129
T. Britting, I.M.L. Joosten, Bram Koops, W. L. J. R. Toussaint, M. S. Sujahudeen, Kristina Vukosavljević, Niklas Emil Knöll, Adriano Casablanca, N. Dighe, Sebastian Oliver Scholts, Soham Kumar, Tom Van der Wee
In the previous years, the Parachute Research Group (PRG) of Delft Aerospace Rocket Engineering (DARE) has been relying mainly on cruciform, ribbon, or disk-gap-band parachutes for the retrieval of its capsules and smaller sounding rockets. However, heading towards a more sustainable future, with the prospect of full rocket recovery and reusability of larger flagship missions in the future, a new, high-performance main parachute had to be developed. As a result of these, a ringsail-type parachute was selected because of its excellent reefing capabilities, good drag performance, and flight heritage within the professional industry. This paper will focus on three main phases of the development of the new parachute type. Firstly, detailed designs and selection of these different designs created will be presented. Furthermore, considering the fact that this type of parachute is notoriously difficult to produce, new manufacturing methods will be proposed and discussed. Lastly, the results of the wind tunnel tests performed will evaluate and further elaborate on the drag performance, stability characteristics, inflation loads, and reefing capabilities of this parachute type.
{"title":"Design, manufacture, and validation of a student-made ringsail parachute for sounding rocket recovery","authors":"T. Britting, I.M.L. Joosten, Bram Koops, W. L. J. R. Toussaint, M. S. Sujahudeen, Kristina Vukosavljević, Niklas Emil Knöll, Adriano Casablanca, N. Dighe, Sebastian Oliver Scholts, Soham Kumar, Tom Van der Wee","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.129","url":null,"abstract":"In the previous years, the Parachute Research Group (PRG) of Delft Aerospace Rocket Engineering (DARE) has been relying mainly on cruciform, ribbon, or disk-gap-band parachutes for the retrieval of its capsules and smaller sounding rockets. However, heading towards a more sustainable future, with the prospect of full rocket recovery and reusability of larger flagship missions in the future, a new, high-performance main parachute had to be developed. As a result of these, a ringsail-type parachute was selected because of its excellent reefing capabilities, good drag performance, and flight heritage within the professional industry. This paper will focus on three main phases of the development of the new parachute type. Firstly, detailed designs and selection of these different designs created will be presented. Furthermore, considering the fact that this type of parachute is notoriously difficult to produce, new manufacturing methods will be proposed and discussed. Lastly, the results of the wind tunnel tests performed will evaluate and further elaborate on the drag performance, stability characteristics, inflation loads, and reefing capabilities of this parachute type.","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125612235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.138
C. Bridges
The ESA ESEO Mission [1] included an amateur radio payload [2]. The results of which included the development of radio technologies that utilised final year student projects over a 5 year period. Many lessons regarding compliance and process enabled a new payload to follow: the Student Ranging Transponder Radio for X-band and L-band (or STAR-XL). The STAR-XL design leverages key aspects of the ESEO payload design for a generic CubeSat platform; including TT&C voltage and current sense circuitry, receiver circuitry, and flight software. But instead of a maximum 4800 bps telemetry and transponder system - the STAR- XL targets a 100 kHz bandwidth system that will allow faster downlink rates that are forward error correction, link margin and modulation order dependent. With 100 kHz bandwidth, the linear receiver is designed to also operate as a transponder - enabling ranging and navigation applications such as orbit determination and further experiments from amateur radio groundstations. This paper details the recent student project efforts in three key areas: a new STM32-based on-board computer, an X-band up-converter board and dual X/L band patch (as shown in Fig. 1). The new OBC includes an IQ modulator for transmitting complex waveforms and an optimised flight software suite that takes advantage of dual DMA hardware on-chip to reduce overheads. The X-band upconverter board required the development of new safety interlock and RF chain circuitry on a Rogers (RO4350B) PCB material. A new dual X/L-band patch antenna and filter circuit is also built and measured. Each of these projects has led to new lessons and increased the real-world case studies used to teach spacecraft avionics.
{"title":"STAR-XL: student transponder for satellite Ranging on X & L-band","authors":"C. Bridges","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.138","url":null,"abstract":"The ESA ESEO Mission [1] included an amateur radio payload [2]. The results of which included the development of radio technologies that utilised final year student projects over a 5 year period. Many lessons regarding compliance and process enabled a new payload to follow: the Student Ranging Transponder Radio for X-band and L-band (or STAR-XL). The STAR-XL design leverages key aspects of the ESEO payload design for a generic CubeSat platform; including TT&C voltage and current sense circuitry, receiver circuitry, and flight software. But instead of a maximum 4800 bps telemetry and transponder system - the STAR- XL targets a 100 kHz bandwidth system that will allow faster downlink rates that are forward error correction, link margin and modulation order dependent. With 100 kHz bandwidth, the linear receiver is designed to also operate as a transponder - enabling ranging and navigation applications such as orbit determination and further experiments from amateur radio groundstations. This paper details the recent student project efforts in three key areas: a new STM32-based on-board computer, an X-band up-converter board and dual X/L band patch (as shown in Fig. 1). The new OBC includes an IQ modulator for transmitting complex waveforms and an optimised flight software suite that takes advantage of dual DMA hardware on-chip to reduce overheads. The X-band upconverter board required the development of new safety interlock and RF chain circuitry on a Rogers (RO4350B) PCB material. A new dual X/L-band patch antenna and filter circuit is also built and measured. Each of these projects has led to new lessons and increased the real-world case studies used to teach spacecraft avionics.","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130495545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5821/conference-9788419184405.123
Alejandro Sans Monguiló, Bagus Adiwiluhung Riwanto, J. Praks
Small satellites are becoming increasingly popular in several applications, in which attitude systems might require high precision performance. These spacecrafts are susceptible to magnetic disturbances in orbit, such as the interaction between the satellite and Earth’s magnetic field. However, a major disturbance torque is generated by the residual magnetic moment. Therefore, a magnetic cleanliness analysis must be considered in order to meet the requirements for magnetic-sensitive instruments and subsystems. Studies on magnetic environment management are underway for the FORESAIL-1 and FORESAIL-2 missions using the optical magnetic test bed of Aalto University. This is particularly important for FORESAIL-2 which aims to precisely measure the orbital ambient magnetic field with a high sensitivity magnetometer One of the parts of a spacecraft magnetic cleanliness analysis is the modelling of the residual magnetic moment as a set of magnetic dipoles. The dipoles are estimated from the measured magnetic field surrounded by the device-under-test (e.g., complete satellite, or its individual subsystems) using a stochastic estimation algorithm. The measurements are performed in a Helmholtz cage where the device and a low-noise magnetometer are placed, and detected by a smart camera using visual detection markers (ArUco). Information provided by the detection of the markers is then used for representing the position of the magnetometer and measured magnetic field points in the device-under-test coordinate frame. The camera detection accuracy is improved with data fusion from several ArUco markers, and the system performance is assessed by verifying the estimated magnetic moment results using known permanent magnets. Using this methodology for calculating the residual magnetic moment, the system is able to estimate the dipole’s position and magnetic vectors with a mean absolute error of 0.004 ± 9·10-7 m and 0.007 ± 1·10-4 A·m2 respectively. The test bed can be used for the characterization of the magnetic moment when measuring small satellites, or its components, in order to mitigate the residual magnetic moment.
{"title":"Assessment of a machine-vision-assisted test bed for spacecraft magnetic cleanliness analysis","authors":"Alejandro Sans Monguiló, Bagus Adiwiluhung Riwanto, J. Praks","doi":"10.5821/conference-9788419184405.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.123","url":null,"abstract":"Small satellites are becoming increasingly popular in several applications, in which attitude systems might require high precision performance. These spacecrafts are susceptible to magnetic disturbances in orbit, such as the interaction between the satellite and Earth’s magnetic field. However, a major disturbance torque is generated by the residual magnetic moment. Therefore, a magnetic cleanliness analysis must be considered in order to meet the requirements for magnetic-sensitive instruments and subsystems. Studies on magnetic environment management are underway for the FORESAIL-1 and FORESAIL-2 missions using the optical magnetic test bed of Aalto University. This is particularly important for FORESAIL-2 which aims to precisely measure the orbital ambient magnetic field with a high sensitivity magnetometer One of the parts of a spacecraft magnetic cleanliness analysis is the modelling of the residual magnetic moment as a set of magnetic dipoles. The dipoles are estimated from the measured magnetic field surrounded by the device-under-test (e.g., complete satellite, or its individual subsystems) using a stochastic estimation algorithm. The measurements are performed in a Helmholtz cage where the device and a low-noise magnetometer are placed, and detected by a smart camera using visual detection markers (ArUco). Information provided by the detection of the markers is then used for representing the position of the magnetometer and measured magnetic field points in the device-under-test coordinate frame. The camera detection accuracy is improved with data fusion from several ArUco markers, and the system performance is assessed by verifying the estimated magnetic moment results using known permanent magnets. Using this methodology for calculating the residual magnetic moment, the system is able to estimate the dipole’s position and magnetic vectors with a mean absolute error of 0.004 ± 9·10-7 m and 0.007 ± 1·10-4 A·m2 respectively. The test bed can be used for the characterization of the magnetic moment when measuring small satellites, or its components, in order to mitigate the residual magnetic moment.","PeriodicalId":340665,"journal":{"name":"4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124629882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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