S. Volbracht, Khatoun Shahrbabaki, G. Domik, Gregor Fels
This paper describes a case study that assessed the strengths and weaknesses of 3D display modes: perspective viewing, anaglyph stereo and shutter glass stereo. We followed the hypothesis that stereo viewing allows a faster and more accurate recognition than the anaglyph and the perspective viewing. For our case study, we used organic molecules. Although these have inherent spatial information we think that results of these experiments are applicable to the visualization of abstract information spaces in VL.
{"title":"Perspective viewing, anaglyph stereo or shutter glass stereo?","authors":"S. Volbracht, Khatoun Shahrbabaki, G. Domik, Gregor Fels","doi":"10.1109/VL.1996.545287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1996.545287","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a case study that assessed the strengths and weaknesses of 3D display modes: perspective viewing, anaglyph stereo and shutter glass stereo. We followed the hypothesis that stereo viewing allows a faster and more accurate recognition than the anaglyph and the perspective viewing. For our case study, we used organic molecules. Although these have inherent spatial information we think that results of these experiments are applicable to the visualization of abstract information spaces in VL.","PeriodicalId":340993,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115845436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper describes CAT, a Web-based algorithm animation system. CAT augments the expressive power of Web pages for publishing passive multimedia information with a full-fledged interactive algorithm animation system. It improves on previous Web-based algorithm animations by providing a framework that makes it easy to construct new animations, including those that involve multiple views. Because views of the same running algorithm may reside on different machines, CAT is particularly well-suited for electronic classrooms. This strategy is an improvement over the electronic classroom systems the authors are aware of which simply display the same X window on multiple machines. They believe their framework generalizes to electronic textbooks in arbitrary domains.
{"title":"Collaborative Active Textbooks: a Web-based algorithm animation system for an electronic classroom","authors":"Marc H. Brown, Marc Najork","doi":"10.1109/VL.1996.545297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1996.545297","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes CAT, a Web-based algorithm animation system. CAT augments the expressive power of Web pages for publishing passive multimedia information with a full-fledged interactive algorithm animation system. It improves on previous Web-based algorithm animations by providing a framework that makes it easy to construct new animations, including those that involve multiple views. Because views of the same running algorithm may reside on different machines, CAT is particularly well-suited for electronic classrooms. This strategy is an improvement over the electronic classroom systems the authors are aware of which simply display the same X window on multiple machines. They believe their framework generalizes to electronic textbooks in arbitrary domains.","PeriodicalId":340993,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages","volume":"516 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123091691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical user interfaces is the visual information seeking Mantra: overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. But this is only a starting point in trying to understand the rich and varied set of information visualizations that have been proposed in recent years. The paper offers a task by data type taxonomy with seven data types (one, two, three dimensional data, temporal and multi dimensional data, and tree and network data) and seven tasks (overview, zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, and extracts).
{"title":"The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations","authors":"B. Shneiderman","doi":"10.1109/VL.1996.545307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1996.545307","url":null,"abstract":"A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical user interfaces is the visual information seeking Mantra: overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. But this is only a starting point in trying to understand the rich and varied set of information visualizations that have been proposed in recent years. The paper offers a task by data type taxonomy with seven data types (one, two, three dimensional data, temporal and multi dimensional data, and tree and network data) and seven tasks (overview, zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, and extracts).","PeriodicalId":340993,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129317660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the visual algebraic specification (VAS) formalism and its supporting interactive environment (VASE). The VAS formalism is intended for the definition of visual syntax and semantics and is aimed at generating language specific environments. The collection construct of VAS is emphasized in that it supports the convenient specification of language constructs involving arbitrarily many items. The VAS formalism and supporting environment are discussed by use of an example in which the syntax, semantics and interaction of a toy language are specified.
{"title":"The VAS formalism in VASE","authors":"Suzan Üsküdarli, T. Dinesh","doi":"10.1109/VL.1996.545280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1996.545280","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the visual algebraic specification (VAS) formalism and its supporting interactive environment (VASE). The VAS formalism is intended for the definition of visual syntax and semantics and is aimed at generating language specific environments. The collection construct of VAS is emphasized in that it supports the convenient specification of language constructs involving arbitrarily many items. The VAS formalism and supporting environment are discussed by use of an example in which the syntax, semantics and interaction of a toy language are specified.","PeriodicalId":340993,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124611292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In earlier work, the authors discussed using data encapsulation to provide integrated access to large amounts of heterogeneous information through WWW browsers. They describe a visual data modeling language which supports the generation of metadata entities to encapsulate raw data. A prototype version of an interpreter for their interactive Visual Repository Definition Language (VRDL) is now operational and may be used for building and maintaining information repositories.
{"title":"A high-level visual language for generating Web structures","authors":"M. Minas, L. Shklar","doi":"10.1109/VL.1996.545299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1996.545299","url":null,"abstract":"In earlier work, the authors discussed using data encapsulation to provide integrated access to large amounts of heterogeneous information through WWW browsers. They describe a visual data modeling language which supports the generation of metadata entities to encapsulate raw data. A prototype version of an interpreter for their interactive Visual Repository Definition Language (VRDL) is now operational and may be used for building and maintaining information repositories.","PeriodicalId":340993,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127762071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several pioneers from within the visual languages community give theirperspectives on the past, present and future of visual languages, and on their involvement therein.
来自视觉语言社区的几位先驱给出了他们对视觉语言的过去、现在和未来的看法，以及他们在其中的参与。
{"title":"VL' 96 Special Event: Perspectives from the Pioneers","authors":"N. Wilde, Shi-Kuo Chang, P. T. Cox, D. Smith","doi":"10.1109/VL.1996.545306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1996.545306","url":null,"abstract":"Several pioneers from within the visual languages community give theirperspectives on the past, present and future of visual languages, and on their involvement therein.","PeriodicalId":340993,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131258050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visual programming languages use graphics to visualize and aid in the understanding of programs. We describe the graphical techniques used in the MAP environment to visualize the workspace, data, programs and program executions. Meta information is one approach to supplementing the basic functionality provided in the visual programming environment. We introduce meta-commands, commands to control visual characteristics of program objects, and describe the MAP meta-commands for color, folding, render and transparency. We show how these meta-commands can be used to affect graphical representation of programs and their executions and as a way to optimize the recording of program executions, and present examples of how a programmer can use these techniques to build, execute and analyze programs.
{"title":"Uniformity of environment and computation in MAP","authors":"Elisabeth Freeman, D. Gelernter, S. Jagannathan","doi":"10.1109/VL.1996.545279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1996.545279","url":null,"abstract":"Visual programming languages use graphics to visualize and aid in the understanding of programs. We describe the graphical techniques used in the MAP environment to visualize the workspace, data, programs and program executions. Meta information is one approach to supplementing the basic functionality provided in the visual programming environment. We introduce meta-commands, commands to control visual characteristics of program objects, and describe the MAP meta-commands for color, folding, render and transparency. We show how these meta-commands can be used to affect graphical representation of programs and their executions and as a way to optimize the recording of program executions, and present examples of how a programmer can use these techniques to build, execute and analyze programs.","PeriodicalId":340993,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages","volume":"11 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132835129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visual programming environments are now in an exciting stage. The vision is becoming reality: visual programming is in everyday use in more and more places, including my lab. Yet the vision has not lost its force; it is still driving the creators, and astonishingly new ideas continue to emerge. How can the practical experiences of users help to guide the stream of creativity? HCI folk have slowly learnt that expensive, time-consuming evaluative methodologies are not taken up by creators, for very good reasons. Nor are detailed cognitive analyses and models, however well researched. I propose something different, a framework of user-centered discussion tools. We all have concepts that are vaguely known but unformulated. Discussion tools are elucidations of such concepts. If they resonate with your experience, they can promote a higher level of discourse amongst you, the designers and creators. They can create goals and aspirations, promote the reuse of good ideas in new contexts, and provide a basis for informed critique. Standard examples can become common currency and best of all, once concepts are named and exposed, their interrelationships can be appreciated. Many such frameworks have been proposed in the field of software design, but most of them are technology-centered, such as the ‘design patterns’ now much spoken of in the 00 world. But the framework I propose is centered on usability and cognition. I call it the cognitive dimensions framework, a still-unfinalised set of about a dozen terms such as ‘viscosity’, ‘premature commitment’, ‘abstraction level’, ‘closeness of mapping’. I shall explain some of these and illustrate them with reference to some existing visual systems, and show how attempts to improve matters on one dimension can affect other dimensions. Although the framework is still unfinished, the terms have begun to prove themselves as discussion tools. I shall finish with a mention of some other developments taking place, in which benchmarks have been suggested for practical application of these ideas, formalisations have been proposed, and their effectiveness at the teaching level has been investigated.
{"title":"The visual vision and human cognition","authors":"T. Green","doi":"10.1109/VL.1996.545260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1996.545260","url":null,"abstract":"Visual programming environments are now in an exciting stage. The vision is becoming reality: visual programming is in everyday use in more and more places, including my lab. Yet the vision has not lost its force; it is still driving the creators, and astonishingly new ideas continue to emerge. How can the practical experiences of users help to guide the stream of creativity? HCI folk have slowly learnt that expensive, time-consuming evaluative methodologies are not taken up by creators, for very good reasons. Nor are detailed cognitive analyses and models, however well researched. I propose something different, a framework of user-centered discussion tools. We all have concepts that are vaguely known but unformulated. Discussion tools are elucidations of such concepts. If they resonate with your experience, they can promote a higher level of discourse amongst you, the designers and creators. They can create goals and aspirations, promote the reuse of good ideas in new contexts, and provide a basis for informed critique. Standard examples can become common currency and best of all, once concepts are named and exposed, their interrelationships can be appreciated. Many such frameworks have been proposed in the field of software design, but most of them are technology-centered, such as the ‘design patterns’ now much spoken of in the 00 world. But the framework I propose is centered on usability and cognition. I call it the cognitive dimensions framework, a still-unfinalised set of about a dozen terms such as ‘viscosity’, ‘premature commitment’, ‘abstraction level’, ‘closeness of mapping’. I shall explain some of these and illustrate them with reference to some existing visual systems, and show how attempts to improve matters on one dimension can affect other dimensions. Although the framework is still unfinished, the terms have begun to prove themselves as discussion tools. I shall finish with a mention of some other developments taking place, in which benchmarks have been suggested for practical application of these ideas, formalisations have been proposed, and their effectiveness at the teaching level has been investigated.","PeriodicalId":340993,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132439122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Corridoni, A. Bimbo, S. D. Magistris, E. Vicario
The availability of large image databases is emphasizing the relevance of filters, which permit one to focus on a small subset of data. Visual specification of such filters provides a natural way to express content-oriented queries. To support a high power of expression, an original visual language is proposed for the symbolic representation of the semantics induced by the color quality and arrangement over a painting. The proposed language is based on the theory of color semantics introduced by artists in the 20th Century, and is developed to support a visual querying paradigm. This paper formalizes the grammar of the language in its visual form and describes it implementation in a prototype system of painting retrieval by color content.
{"title":"A visual language for color-based painting retrieval","authors":"J. Corridoni, A. Bimbo, S. D. Magistris, E. Vicario","doi":"10.1109/VL.1996.545270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1996.545270","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of large image databases is emphasizing the relevance of filters, which permit one to focus on a small subset of data. Visual specification of such filters provides a natural way to express content-oriented queries. To support a high power of expression, an original visual language is proposed for the symbolic representation of the semantics induced by the color quality and arrangement over a painting. The proposed language is based on the theory of color semantics introduced by artists in the 20th Century, and is developed to support a visual querying paradigm. This paper formalizes the grammar of the language in its visual form and describes it implementation in a prototype system of painting retrieval by color content.","PeriodicalId":340993,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122352194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Robbins, David J. Morley, D. Redmiles, Vadim Filatov, Dima Kononov
Fundamental to the design of visual languages are the goals of facilitating communication between people and computers, and between people and other people. The Object Block Programming Environment (OBPE) is a visual design, programming, and simulation tool which emphasizes support for both human-human and human-computer communication. OBPE provides several features to support effective communication: (1) multiple, coordinated views and aspects, (2) customizable graphics, (3) the "machines with push-buttons" metaphor and (4) the host-transient pattern. OBPE uses a diagram-based, visual object-oriented language that is intended for quickly designing and programming visual simulations of factories.
{"title":"Visual language features supporting human-human and human-computer communication","authors":"J. Robbins, David J. Morley, D. Redmiles, Vadim Filatov, Dima Kononov","doi":"10.1109/VL.1996.545294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VL.1996.545294","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamental to the design of visual languages are the goals of facilitating communication between people and computers, and between people and other people. The Object Block Programming Environment (OBPE) is a visual design, programming, and simulation tool which emphasizes support for both human-human and human-computer communication. OBPE provides several features to support effective communication: (1) multiple, coordinated views and aspects, (2) customizable graphics, (3) the \"machines with push-buttons\" metaphor and (4) the host-transient pattern. OBPE uses a diagram-based, visual object-oriented language that is intended for quickly designing and programming visual simulations of factories.","PeriodicalId":340993,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124501672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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