Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.53702/2375-5717-32.3.42
A. Paiva, Hans C Bruntmyer
Pediatric bone fractures are a common occurrence, particularly among youth sports participants. Supracondylar humeral fractures are the most common pediatric elbow fracture, accounting for approximately 60% of all pediatric elbow fractures for children less than 10 years of age. For nondisplaced supracondylar humeral fractures, the standard of care is to immobilize the affected arm with an above the elbow-long cast for 3 weeks. Following cast removal, the recommendations for rehabilitation are conflicting, between doing some physical therapy as part of recovery or no therapy and letting the arm heal on its own for upwards of 12 weeks. The purpose of this case report was to observe if the addition of osteopathic manipulation treatment (OMT) could improve the somatic dysfunctions associated with post-immobilization elbow stiffness and reduce the amount of recovery time. Various OMT techniques were utilized over a span of 8 sessions across 4 weeks. The use of OMT provided relief of stiffness and return to full range of motion of the affected upper extremity joints. The incorporation of OMT as a part of a recovery regimen could be considered for future utilization, research, and evaluation.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Osteopathic Manipulation Treatment in the Rehabilitation of Post-External Immobilization for a Supracondylar Fracture of the Distal Humerus: A Case Report","authors":"A. Paiva, Hans C Bruntmyer","doi":"10.53702/2375-5717-32.3.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-32.3.42","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pediatric bone fractures are a common occurrence, particularly among youth sports participants. Supracondylar humeral fractures are the most common pediatric elbow fracture, accounting for approximately 60% of all pediatric elbow fractures for children less than 10 years of age. For nondisplaced supracondylar humeral fractures, the standard of care is to immobilize the affected arm with an above the elbow-long cast for 3 weeks. Following cast removal, the recommendations for rehabilitation are conflicting, between doing some physical therapy as part of recovery or no therapy and letting the arm heal on its own for upwards of 12 weeks. The purpose of this case report was to observe if the addition of osteopathic manipulation treatment (OMT) could improve the somatic dysfunctions associated with post-immobilization elbow stiffness and reduce the amount of recovery time. Various OMT techniques were utilized over a span of 8 sessions across 4 weeks. The use of OMT provided relief of stiffness and return to full range of motion of the affected upper extremity joints. The incorporation of OMT as a part of a recovery regimen could be considered for future utilization, research, and evaluation.","PeriodicalId":341091,"journal":{"name":"The AAO Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114581420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.53702/2375-5717-32.3.18
Kaori Morimoto, C. Nelson, Lauren Ozdowski, Mary Galka, Abigail Calkins, Bachtuyet Le
The demand for online education is on the rise as technology and a global community expand. In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, the Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine/Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (NMM/OMM) Department at Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine Pacific (COMP) and Pacific-Northwest (COMP-NW) was required to transition from a hands-on, in-person model to entirely virtual teaching. With the rapid transition, student feedback was paramount in determining the effectiveness of the virtual curriculum model and establishing evidence-based guidelines to inform future online delivery methods for the teaching of osteopathic manipulative medicine. A 7-question Qualtrics survey was developed to assess the first and second-year osteopathic medical students’ perception of their online curriculum participation, the preferred method of participation, barriers to participation, and how the NMM/OMM department can improve the curriculum to increase student participation. The survey was distributed electronically to the students at Western University of Health Sciences COMP and COMP-NW. 85 students participated in the survey. The most preferred method of participation was an anonymous online polling platform such as “Kahoot!” The most frequently reported barrier to participation was lack of confidence. The most popular suggestion about increasing student participation was to increase more anonymous polls or gamification, such as “Jeopardy,” for review sessions. The logistic regression analysis showed that the following 3 student characteristics were the most decisive factors for a student to report that more participation would increase their OMM knowledge: fear of public speaking (p = 0.024), difficulty staying focused during online curriculum (p=0.041), and being a first-year osteopathic medical student (p<0.01). Online curriculum design and delivery pose new and unique challenges to teachers and institutions worldwide. Understanding the creativity it allows, its limitations, and how to increase student engagement and participation needs to be continuously investigated as the technology and demand of online learning grow.
{"title":"Osteopathic Medical Students’ Preferred Method of Participation in Online Lectures and Learning Activities","authors":"Kaori Morimoto, C. Nelson, Lauren Ozdowski, Mary Galka, Abigail Calkins, Bachtuyet Le","doi":"10.53702/2375-5717-32.3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-32.3.18","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The demand for online education is on the rise as technology and a global community expand. In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, the Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine/Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (NMM/OMM) Department at Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine Pacific (COMP) and Pacific-Northwest (COMP-NW) was required to transition from a hands-on, in-person model to entirely virtual teaching. With the rapid transition, student feedback was paramount in determining the effectiveness of the virtual curriculum model and establishing evidence-based guidelines to inform future online delivery methods for the teaching of osteopathic manipulative medicine.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A 7-question Qualtrics survey was developed to assess the first and second-year osteopathic medical students’ perception of their online curriculum participation, the preferred method of participation, barriers to participation, and how the NMM/OMM department can improve the curriculum to increase student participation. The survey was distributed electronically to the students at Western University of Health Sciences COMP and COMP-NW.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 85 students participated in the survey. The most preferred method of participation was an anonymous online polling platform such as “Kahoot!” The most frequently reported barrier to participation was lack of confidence. The most popular suggestion about increasing student participation was to increase more anonymous polls or gamification, such as “Jeopardy,” for review sessions. The logistic regression analysis showed that the following 3 student characteristics were the most decisive factors for a student to report that more participation would increase their OMM knowledge: fear of public speaking (p = 0.024), difficulty staying focused during online curriculum (p=0.041), and being a first-year osteopathic medical student (p<0.01).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Online curriculum design and delivery pose new and unique challenges to teachers and institutions worldwide. Understanding the creativity it allows, its limitations, and how to increase student engagement and participation needs to be continuously investigated as the technology and demand of online learning grow.\u0000","PeriodicalId":341091,"journal":{"name":"The AAO Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125046107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.53702/2375-5717-32.2.34
Katherine Heineman
As a hands-on approach to patient care diagnosis and management, osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) can be utilized to modulate the autonomic input to the gastrointestinal system. Palpatory findings of tissue texture changes at predictable body regions may correspond to visceral dysfunction related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system.1 Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) of the viscero-somatic segment or viscero-visceral reflex can remove the feedback related to the somatic or visceral component, thereby affecting nociceptive facilitation at the spinal or visceral level and helping to restore autonomic balance.1,2 The purpose of this thesis is to describe an evaluation and treatment protocol to address somatic and visceral dysfunction found in many patients with impaired gastrointestinal function. A retrospective analysis of 5 patients will be outlined using the evaluation and treatment protocol. The safety of an OMT evaluation and treatment protocol as applied to address gastrointestinal function and as outlined in the current literature will also be addressed.
{"title":"An Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) Evaluation and Treatment Protocol to Improve Gastrointestinal Function","authors":"Katherine Heineman","doi":"10.53702/2375-5717-32.2.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-32.2.34","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As a hands-on approach to patient care diagnosis and management, osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) can be utilized to modulate the autonomic input to the gastrointestinal system. Palpatory findings of tissue texture changes at predictable body regions may correspond to visceral dysfunction related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system.1 Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) of the viscero-somatic segment or viscero-visceral reflex can remove the feedback related to the somatic or visceral component, thereby affecting nociceptive facilitation at the spinal or visceral level and helping to restore autonomic balance.1,2\u0000 The purpose of this thesis is to describe an evaluation and treatment protocol to address somatic and visceral dysfunction found in many patients with impaired gastrointestinal function. A retrospective analysis of 5 patients will be outlined using the evaluation and treatment protocol. The safety of an OMT evaluation and treatment protocol as applied to address gastrointestinal function and as outlined in the current literature will also be addressed.","PeriodicalId":341091,"journal":{"name":"The AAO Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125008377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.53702/2375-5717-32.2.7
J. Blumer
{"title":"View from the Pyramids: On Becoming an FAAO","authors":"J. Blumer","doi":"10.53702/2375-5717-32.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-32.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":341091,"journal":{"name":"The AAO Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126833870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.37
Domenick J. Masiello
This article traces the appearance and frequency of use of the term biogen (vital force or life force) in the corpus of osteopathic literature from Andrew Taylor Still and the early days of the American School of Osteopathy (ASO) through the early 20th century to the 21st century. The meaning and use of biogen is placed within its historical context and contemporaneous philosophical influences are explored. Early definitions of osteopathy as both a bio-mechanical and a bio-energetic method of healing are revealed. The work of William Garner Sutherland is discussed in terms of his acceptance and use of bio-energetic terminology and concepts. The influence of Walter Russell on Sutherland’s work is also discussed. Still’s personal traits of imagination, memory and intuition are discussed as the foundation of his lived experience of osteopathy.
本文追溯了从20世纪初到21世纪初，安德鲁·泰勒·斯蒂尔(Andrew Taylor Still)和美国骨科学派(ASO)早期的骨科文献语料中biogen(生命力或生命力)一词的出现和使用频率。生物源的意义和使用被置于其历史背景和当代哲学的影响进行了探讨。骨病的早期定义为生物机械和生物能量愈合的方法被揭示。本文从威廉·加纳·萨瑟兰对生物能术语和概念的接受和使用角度来讨论他的作品。本文还讨论了沃尔特·罗素对萨瑟兰作品的影响。斯蒂尔的想象力、记忆力和直觉的个人特征作为他的整骨病生活经验的基础进行了讨论。
{"title":"A.T. Still’s Biogen","authors":"Domenick J. Masiello","doi":"10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article traces the appearance and frequency of use of the term biogen (vital force or life force) in the corpus of osteopathic literature from Andrew Taylor Still and the early days of the American School of Osteopathy (ASO) through the early 20th century to the 21st century. The meaning and use of biogen is placed within its historical context and contemporaneous philosophical influences are explored. Early definitions of osteopathy as both a bio-mechanical and a bio-energetic method of healing are revealed. The work of William Garner Sutherland is discussed in terms of his acceptance and use of bio-energetic terminology and concepts. The influence of Walter Russell on Sutherland’s work is also discussed. Still’s personal traits of imagination, memory and intuition are discussed as the foundation of his lived experience of osteopathy.","PeriodicalId":341091,"journal":{"name":"The AAO Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121955505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.34
Jose S. Figueroa, Megan M. Ellis
Seated counterstrain techniques for the treatment of posterior rib tenderpoints are common and can be found in literature. At times, it can be extremely inconvenient or impossible to treat certain patients in a seated position. A supine treatment position could easily address these concerns; however, there is no literature that illustrates how to utilize a counterstrain technique in a supine position for posterior rib tenderpoints. This article describes how to diagnose and treat posterior rib tenderpoints with a patient in the supine position through the application of a counterstrain technique. The importance of addressing posterior rib tenderpoints is discussed along with a brief list of additional somatic dysfunctions that should be addressed in a supine patient experiencing a thoracic cage somatic dysfunction.
{"title":"Supine Counterstrain Technique for Posterior Rib Tenderpoints","authors":"Jose S. Figueroa, Megan M. Ellis","doi":"10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.34","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Seated counterstrain techniques for the treatment of posterior rib tenderpoints are common and can be found in literature. At times, it can be extremely inconvenient or impossible to treat certain patients in a seated position. A supine treatment position could easily address these concerns; however, there is no literature that illustrates how to utilize a counterstrain technique in a supine position for posterior rib tenderpoints. This article describes how to diagnose and treat posterior rib tenderpoints with a patient in the supine position through the application of a counterstrain technique. The importance of addressing posterior rib tenderpoints is discussed along with a brief list of additional somatic dysfunctions that should be addressed in a supine patient experiencing a thoracic cage somatic dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":341091,"journal":{"name":"The AAO Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121054590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.11
J. Blumer
{"title":"View from the Pyramids: Shaping our Future by Embracing Adaptability","authors":"J. Blumer","doi":"10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":341091,"journal":{"name":"The AAO Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116697564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.13
Gabriel Berenbeim, Isaac Metzler, Drew D. Lewis, Chunfa Jie
Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) practical examinations (PEs) are important for assessing osteopathic medical students’ cognitive knowledge and psychomotor skills required for osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). In the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, first-year medical students at Des Moines University (DMU) were no longer allowed to participate in a standard in-person PE (sPE) in December 2020. A novel virtual PE (vPE) over Zoom was developed to assess the students’ understanding of OMM learned in lab to replace the sPE. To determine if the vPE was perceived by the students as a successful and efficacious alternative to the sPE. After the graduating class of 2024 completed their vPE, an administrative email from the DMU OMM department was sent to gather anonymous, voluntary student feedback evaluating their perception and experience of the vPE. The survey consisted of 5 Likert scale questions that asked students to determine the extent they agree to 5 distinct statements and the survey contained a free-text response question asking for suggestions to improve the vPE experience. A Chi-square test of goodness-of-fit was used to assess for equal distributions of responses. Simultaneous 95% confidence intervals (CI) for multinomial proportions were created. The free text was qualitatively analyzed based on themes. Of the 224 first-year osteopathic students, 207 students responded to the Likert scale questions and 113 responded to the free text. Students strongly agree or somewhat agree that the vPE was a fair assessment of their knowledge of OMM lab material (90.82%) and optimally assessed their procedural OMM skills (86.96%). Students strongly agree that the vPE better assessed their OMM lab knowledge than a written multiple-choice examination (73.91%) and they received helpful feedback during the vPE (77.78%). Survey results support that the vPE was perceived by students to be an effective and fair alternative to the sPE. The creative use of a pair of pants and a prop sacrum was validated, as students confirmed that the vPE optimally assessed their procedural skills given the practical’s limitations.
{"title":"Student Perception of an OMM Virtual Practical Examination: In the Setting of Social Distancing","authors":"Gabriel Berenbeim, Isaac Metzler, Drew D. Lewis, Chunfa Jie","doi":"10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) practical examinations (PEs) are important for assessing osteopathic medical students’ cognitive knowledge and psychomotor skills required for osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). In the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, first-year medical students at Des Moines University (DMU) were no longer allowed to participate in a standard in-person PE (sPE) in December 2020. A novel virtual PE (vPE) over Zoom was developed to assess the students’ understanding of OMM learned in lab to replace the sPE.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To determine if the vPE was perceived by the students as a successful and efficacious alternative to the sPE.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 After the graduating class of 2024 completed their vPE, an administrative email from the DMU OMM department was sent to gather anonymous, voluntary student feedback evaluating their perception and experience of the vPE. The survey consisted of 5 Likert scale questions that asked students to determine the extent they agree to 5 distinct statements and the survey contained a free-text response question asking for suggestions to improve the vPE experience. A Chi-square test of goodness-of-fit was used to assess for equal distributions of responses. Simultaneous 95% confidence intervals (CI) for multinomial proportions were created. The free text was qualitatively analyzed based on themes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of the 224 first-year osteopathic students, 207 students responded to the Likert scale questions and 113 responded to the free text. Students strongly agree or somewhat agree that the vPE was a fair assessment of their knowledge of OMM lab material (90.82%) and optimally assessed their procedural OMM skills (86.96%). Students strongly agree that the vPE better assessed their OMM lab knowledge than a written multiple-choice examination (73.91%) and they received helpful feedback during the vPE (77.78%).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Survey results support that the vPE was perceived by students to be an effective and fair alternative to the sPE. The creative use of a pair of pants and a prop sacrum was validated, as students confirmed that the vPE optimally assessed their procedural skills given the practical’s limitations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":341091,"journal":{"name":"The AAO Journal","volume":"62 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116322913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.32
Megan M. Ellis, Drew D. Lewis
Falls on an outstretched hand, overuse, and restriction of motion at the wrist can all contribute to the formation of a radial head somatic dysfunction. Radial head somatic dysfunctions may contribute to or cause painful conditions of the forearm, elbow, and wrist and impact the proper balance of muscular, neural, and circulatory influences. The radial head range of motion technique is a simple and effective osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) that can be utilized to address discomfort of the lateral elbow, proximal forearm, and wrist.
{"title":"Osteopathic Approach to Treatment of Radial Head Dysfunction: The Radial Head Range of Motion Technique","authors":"Megan M. Ellis, Drew D. Lewis","doi":"10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.32","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Falls on an outstretched hand, overuse, and restriction of motion at the wrist can all contribute to the formation of a radial head somatic dysfunction. Radial head somatic dysfunctions may contribute to or cause painful conditions of the forearm, elbow, and wrist and impact the proper balance of muscular, neural, and circulatory influences. The radial head range of motion technique is a simple and effective osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) that can be utilized to address discomfort of the lateral elbow, proximal forearm, and wrist.","PeriodicalId":341091,"journal":{"name":"The AAO Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115557957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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