Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of air pollution on human health. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the impact of air pollution on human health. Preliminary empirical review revealed higher levels of air pollution were associated with accelerated cognitive decline and an increased risk of cognitive impairment in older adults. Adverse effects of air pollution on the mental health were found in most of the studies reviewed. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Particulate Matter Theory, Oxidative Stress Theory and Inflammatory Response Theory may be used to anchor future studies on the Impact of Air Pollution on Human Health. Healthcare systems should be prepared to address the health impacts of air pollution adequately. Healthcare professionals need to be trained to recognize and treat respiratory and cardiovascular conditions related to air pollution exposure. Additionally, governments should allocate sufficient resources to manage the potential increase in healthcare demands due to air pollution-related illnesses. Air pollution is a global issue that requires international cooperation and collaboration. Countries should work together to share best practices, research findings, and technologies for reducing air pollution and improving human health worldwide.
{"title":"The Impacts of Air Pollution on Human Health: A Critical Literature Review","authors":"Carol Maknae","doi":"10.47672/ajns.1731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajns.1731","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of air pollution on human health. \u0000Materials and Methods: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. \u0000Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the impact of air pollution on human health. Preliminary empirical review revealed higher levels of air pollution were associated with accelerated cognitive decline and an increased risk of cognitive impairment in older adults. Adverse effects of air pollution on the mental health were found in most of the studies reviewed. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Particulate Matter Theory, Oxidative Stress Theory and Inflammatory Response Theory may be used to anchor future studies on the Impact of Air Pollution on Human Health. Healthcare systems should be prepared to address the health impacts of air pollution adequately. Healthcare professionals need to be trained to recognize and treat respiratory and cardiovascular conditions related to air pollution exposure. Additionally, governments should allocate sufficient resources to manage the potential increase in healthcare demands due to air pollution-related illnesses. Air pollution is a global issue that requires international cooperation and collaboration. Countries should work together to share best practices, research findings, and technologies for reducing air pollution and improving human health worldwide.","PeriodicalId":341159,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"56 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of temperature variation on plant growth in East African countries. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the effects of temperature variation on plant growth in east African countries. Preliminary empirical review revealed that temperature variation influences plant nutrient uptake, nutrient assimilation and utilization by plants, impacting their growth and nutritional status. The findings emphasize the need to consider temperature effects on plant nutrient dynamics in agriculture and ecosystem management. The effects of temperature on plant growth were found in most of the studies reviewed. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Optimal Temperature Theory, Temperature Stress Theory (Acclimation and Heat Shock Proteins), Photoperiodism and Vernalization Theory may be used to anchor future studies on the Effects of Temperature Variation on Plant Growth in East African Countries. Studying the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to temperature variation is essential. Uncovering the genetic and molecular pathways involved in temperature stress responses will enable the development of crops with enhanced temperature tolerance and resilience. Additionally, the development of robust predictive models that integrate climate data, physiological processes, and crop responses is crucial. These models will assist in assessing the potential impacts of future temperature scenarios on plant growth and enable the implementation of adaptive measures in agriculture.
{"title":"Effects of Temperature Variation on Plant Growth in East African Countries","authors":"Alfred Mwambichi","doi":"10.47672/ajns.1545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajns.1545","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of temperature variation on plant growth in East African countries. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. \u0000Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the effects of temperature variation on plant growth in east African countries. Preliminary empirical review revealed that temperature variation influences plant nutrient uptake, nutrient assimilation and utilization by plants, impacting their growth and nutritional status. The findings emphasize the need to consider temperature effects on plant nutrient dynamics in agriculture and ecosystem management. The effects of temperature on plant growth were found in most of the studies reviewed. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Optimal Temperature Theory, Temperature Stress Theory (Acclimation and Heat Shock Proteins), Photoperiodism and Vernalization Theory may be used to anchor future studies on the Effects of Temperature Variation on Plant Growth in East African Countries. Studying the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to temperature variation is essential. Uncovering the genetic and molecular pathways involved in temperature stress responses will enable the development of crops with enhanced temperature tolerance and resilience. Additionally, the development of robust predictive models that integrate climate data, physiological processes, and crop responses is crucial. These models will assist in assessing the potential impacts of future temperature scenarios on plant growth and enable the implementation of adaptive measures in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":341159,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131703530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems. Preliminary empirical review revealed that impact of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems. The problem of ocean acidification is significant due to its potential to disrupt the delicate balance and ecological functions of coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs are not only biodiversity hotspots but also provide essential ecosystem services such as coastal protection, carbon sequestration and tourism revenue. Recommendations: The Theory of Ocean Acidification and Calcification, Theory of Symbiotic Relationship Disruption and Theory of Microbial Community Shifts may be used to anchor future studies on the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems. Continued research is essential to deepen our understanding of the complex interactions between ocean acidification and coral reef ecosystems. Long-term monitoring programs should be established to track the health and status of coral reefs, enabling early detection of changes and guiding adaptive management strategies.
{"title":"Exploring the Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems","authors":"Irene Catsiocca","doi":"10.47672/ajns.1538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajns.1538","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. \u0000Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems. Preliminary empirical review revealed that impact of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems. The problem of ocean acidification is significant due to its potential to disrupt the delicate balance and ecological functions of coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs are not only biodiversity hotspots but also provide essential ecosystem services such as coastal protection, carbon sequestration and tourism revenue. \u0000Recommendations: The Theory of Ocean Acidification and Calcification, Theory of Symbiotic Relationship Disruption and Theory of Microbial Community Shifts may be used to anchor future studies on the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems. Continued research is essential to deepen our understanding of the complex interactions between ocean acidification and coral reef ecosystems. Long-term monitoring programs should be established to track the health and status of coral reefs, enabling early detection of changes and guiding adaptive management strategies.","PeriodicalId":341159,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133511273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Although knowledge on climate variability is vital in addressing livelihood vulnerability to climate shocks, studies that link climate variability to rural livelihood responses and changes are few. The general objective of the study was to understand perception of climate variability and livelihood response strategies among the communities in the northern part of Kenya. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: There is need for concerted efforts to build not only on adopted household adaptation strategies but also help them reduce current vulnerability as well as build future resilience. Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: There is need to engage communities to understand their levels of vulnerability and design their own sustainable adaptation action plans. This can be done through adoption of the Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction (CMDRR) model which among other measures involve capacity building of community members and development partners to participate in and help local people adapt to their livelihood strategies accordingly. Keywords: Climate change impacts, adaptation, livelihood adaptation strategies, climate variability, household
{"title":"FACTORS INFLUENCING USE OF CONTRACEPTIVES AMONG SEXUALLY ACTIVE ADOLESCENTS IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN NAIROBI. A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"Dr. Baker J. K.","doi":"10.47672/ajns.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajns.1094","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Although knowledge on climate variability is vital in addressing livelihood vulnerability to climate shocks, studies that link climate variability to rural livelihood responses and changes are few. The general objective of the study was to understand perception of climate variability and livelihood response strategies among the communities in the northern part of Kenya. \u0000Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. \u0000Findings: There is need for concerted efforts to build not only on adopted household adaptation strategies but also help them reduce current vulnerability as well as build future resilience. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: There is need to engage communities to understand their levels of vulnerability and design their own sustainable adaptation action plans. This can be done through adoption of the Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction (CMDRR) model which among other measures involve capacity building of community members and development partners to participate in and help local people adapt to their livelihood strategies accordingly. \u0000Keywords: Climate change impacts, adaptation, livelihood adaptation strategies, climate variability, household","PeriodicalId":341159,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130594862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Although knowledge on climate variability is vital in addressing livelihood vulnerability to climate shocks, studies that link climate variability to rural livelihood responses and changes are few. The general objective of the study was to understand perception of climate variability and livelihood response strategies among the communities in the northern part of Kenya. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: There is need for concerted efforts to build not only on adopted household adaptation strategies but also help them reduce current vulnerability as well as build future resilience. Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: There is need to engage communities to understand their levels of vulnerability and design their own sustainable adaptation action plans. This can be done through adoption of the Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction (CMDRR) model which among other measures involve capacity building of community members and development partners to participate in and help local people adapt to their livelihood strategies accordingly. Keywords: Climate change impacts, adaptation, livelihood adaptation strategies, climate variability, household
{"title":"CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND RESPONSE STRATEGIES AMONG COMMUNITIES IN THE NORTHERN PARTS OF KENYA. A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"Albert K.O","doi":"10.47672/ajns.1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajns.1093","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Although knowledge on climate variability is vital in addressing livelihood vulnerability to climate shocks, studies that link climate variability to rural livelihood responses and changes are few. The general objective of the study was to understand perception of climate variability and livelihood response strategies among the communities in the northern part of Kenya. \u0000Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. \u0000Findings: There is need for concerted efforts to build not only on adopted household adaptation strategies but also help them reduce current vulnerability as well as build future resilience. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: There is need to engage communities to understand their levels of vulnerability and design their own sustainable adaptation action plans. This can be done through adoption of the Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction (CMDRR) model which among other measures involve capacity building of community members and development partners to participate in and help local people adapt to their livelihood strategies accordingly. \u0000Keywords: Climate change impacts, adaptation, livelihood adaptation strategies, climate variability, household","PeriodicalId":341159,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127147212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Recognizing the dynamics of ungulate populations is vital because of their economic and ecological significance. The dry temperate ecosystem of Hindu Kush is one of the most remarkable and significant mountain ranges, which supports near threatened markhor population in districts Chitral and Kohistan of Pakistan. However, the current population trends and community-based management of markhor are data lacking or unrevealed, requiring a crucial need for research to examine. The central goal of this study is to review population trends (2016-2019) of markhor and community-based conservation in Toshi Shasha, Gehrait Goleen conservancies, Chitral Gol National Park in district Chitral and Kaigah conservancy in district Kohistan using well developed questionnaire.Methodology: Review of existing record of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife Department Pakistan through a well-developed questionnaireFindings: The finding revealed that over a period of four years population of markhor enlarged to 5658 individuals, fawn population to 2185, female population to 1589, young population to 1491 and the trophy size male increased to 850. Community based conservation resulted 15 markhor trophy hunts in Toshi Shasha, Gehrait Goleen and Kaigah conservancies with gross income of USD 5770400 except Chitral Gol National Park where trophy hunting is not allowed under Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife and Biodiversity Act 2015.Unique contribution to the theory, practice and policy:The author recommended that, As the government has fixed Markhor trophy hunting quota of hunting four animals per year in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. This quota of Markhor trophy hunting should not be fixed but should be based on population of Markhor with reference to trophy size male. The present quota of four Markhor trophy hunt need to be increase from 4 animals per year to 1% leading to 2% of the population of markhor. As the population of Markhor in Chitral Gol National Park Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan has been increased to 2926 individuals and have enlarged to buffer zone of the National Park. At least 1% of Markhor trophy hunts in buffer zone is recommended to support local community for their livelihood improvement and encouragement of the conservation. The community organizations should be strengthened in terms of establishing their offices, field equipment and mobility beside protection.
{"title":"A Review on Markhor (Capra falconeri falconeri Wagner 1839) population trends (2016-2019) and community-based conservation in Toshi Shasha, Gehrait Goleen, Kaigah Kohistan Conservancies and Chitral Gol National Park, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel","doi":"10.47672/AJNS.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/AJNS.569","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Recognizing the dynamics of ungulate populations is vital because of their economic and ecological significance. The dry temperate ecosystem of Hindu Kush is one of the most remarkable and significant mountain ranges, which supports near threatened markhor population in districts Chitral and Kohistan of Pakistan. However, the current population trends and community-based management of markhor are data lacking or unrevealed, requiring a crucial need for research to examine. The central goal of this study is to review population trends (2016-2019) of markhor and community-based conservation in Toshi Shasha, Gehrait Goleen conservancies, Chitral Gol National Park in district Chitral and Kaigah conservancy in district Kohistan using well developed questionnaire.Methodology: Review of existing record of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife Department Pakistan through a well-developed questionnaireFindings: The finding revealed that over a period of four years population of markhor enlarged to 5658 individuals, fawn population to 2185, female population to 1589, young population to 1491 and the trophy size male increased to 850. Community based conservation resulted 15 markhor trophy hunts in Toshi Shasha, Gehrait Goleen and Kaigah conservancies with gross income of USD 5770400 except Chitral Gol National Park where trophy hunting is not allowed under Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife and Biodiversity Act 2015.Unique contribution to the theory, practice and policy:The author recommended that, As the government has fixed Markhor trophy hunting quota of hunting four animals per year in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. This quota of Markhor trophy hunting should not be fixed but should be based on population of Markhor with reference to trophy size male. The present quota of four Markhor trophy hunt need to be increase from 4 animals per year to 1% leading to 2% of the population of markhor. As the population of Markhor in Chitral Gol National Park Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan has been increased to 2926 individuals and have enlarged to buffer zone of the National Park. At least 1% of Markhor trophy hunts in buffer zone is recommended to support local community for their livelihood improvement and encouragement of the conservation. The community organizations should be strengthened in terms of establishing their offices, field equipment and mobility beside protection.","PeriodicalId":341159,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124561090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Mukhtar, A. Galalain, K. Abdu, S. Tukur, R. Bashir, A. Abdulkadir, A. Habib
Contaminated soils and their associated problems have increasingly become a matter of concern. The most common contaminants generated by industrial urban emissions and agricultural practices are trace metals. Remediation of trace metals is mostly conducted using physico-chemical processes and this causes soils to become polluted. Nevertheless, these techniques damage the soil’s biological activity and require highly sophisticated expensive equipment. Phytoremediation is a relatively low-cost technology based on the use of selected plants to remove, degrades or contains soil pollutants. The potential of Kenaf for phytoremediation on soils contaminated with heavy metals and other contaminants have been investigated and of course reported in several literatures to be very effective. In view of that, this paper would therefore underscore the phytoremediation potentials of Hibiscus cannabinus (Kenaf), the possible utilization of the contaminated biomass and its prospects in the field of bioremediation.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Phytoremediation Potentials of Hibiscus cannabinus Linn. (Kenaf): Mechanisms, Benefits and Prospects","authors":"Y. Mukhtar, A. Galalain, K. Abdu, S. Tukur, R. Bashir, A. Abdulkadir, A. Habib","doi":"10.47672/ajns.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajns.441","url":null,"abstract":"Contaminated soils and their associated problems have increasingly become a matter of concern. The most common contaminants generated by industrial urban emissions and agricultural practices are trace metals. Remediation of trace metals is mostly conducted using physico-chemical processes and this causes soils to become polluted. Nevertheless, these techniques damage the soil’s biological activity and require highly sophisticated expensive equipment. Phytoremediation is a relatively low-cost technology based on the use of selected plants to remove, degrades or contains soil pollutants. The potential of Kenaf for phytoremediation on soils contaminated with heavy metals and other contaminants have been investigated and of course reported in several literatures to be very effective. In view of that, this paper would therefore underscore the phytoremediation potentials of Hibiscus cannabinus (Kenaf), the possible utilization of the contaminated biomass and its prospects in the field of bioremediation.","PeriodicalId":341159,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"404 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134367418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: People often make use of this notorious plant, Datura stramonium L. (Jimson weed) without rationale which subsequently leads to its abuse along the process. Thus, this paper seeks to compile detailed information regarding the toxicity and the safe usage of this plant in order to curtail its negative impact among individuals.Methodology: A lot of literatures, reports, short communication etc. from print and electronic media were consulted during the course of preparation of the article.Findings: The notorious weed, jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.) is a hallucinating plant with both poisonous and medicinal properties. The neurotoxicity of the plant is attributed to the presence of tropane alkaloids which contain a methylated nitrogen atom (N-CH3) that block neurotransmitters in the brain. Ethno-medicinally, the frequent recreational abuse of D. stramonium has resulted in toxic syndromes. D. stramonium, consume in the form of paste or solution to relieve the local pain may not have a deleterious effect; however, oral and systemic administration may lead to severe anticholinergic symptoms which include dizziness, hallucination, loss of consciousness, nausea, hypertension, agitation, aggressiveness, photophobia, blurred vision and possibly coma which may last for several hours or days depending on the quantity consumed.Unique contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The present comprehensive review was able to, underscores the botany, phytochemistry, intoxication,and precautionary measures for the safe and sound usage of D. stramonium among individuals. Sequel to that, it deems imperative for individuals, especially adolescents, to be acquainted of the toxic nature and potential risks associated with the use of this plant.
{"title":"An Overview on Datura stramonium L. (Jimson weed): A Notable Psychoactive Drug Plant","authors":"Y. Mukhtar, S. Tukur, R. Bashir","doi":"10.47672/AJNS.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/AJNS.423","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: People often make use of this notorious plant, Datura stramonium L. (Jimson weed) without rationale which subsequently leads to its abuse along the process. Thus, this paper seeks to compile detailed information regarding the toxicity and the safe usage of this plant in order to curtail its negative impact among individuals.Methodology: A lot of literatures, reports, short communication etc. from print and electronic media were consulted during the course of preparation of the article.Findings: The notorious weed, jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.) is a hallucinating plant with both poisonous and medicinal properties. The neurotoxicity of the plant is attributed to the presence of tropane alkaloids which contain a methylated nitrogen atom (N-CH3) that block neurotransmitters in the brain. Ethno-medicinally, the frequent recreational abuse of D. stramonium has resulted in toxic syndromes. D. stramonium, consume in the form of paste or solution to relieve the local pain may not have a deleterious effect; however, oral and systemic administration may lead to severe anticholinergic symptoms which include dizziness, hallucination, loss of consciousness, nausea, hypertension, agitation, aggressiveness, photophobia, blurred vision and possibly coma which may last for several hours or days depending on the quantity consumed.Unique contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The present comprehensive review was able to, underscores the botany, phytochemistry, intoxication,and precautionary measures for the safe and sound usage of D. stramonium among individuals. Sequel to that, it deems imperative for individuals, especially adolescents, to be acquainted of the toxic nature and potential risks associated with the use of this plant.","PeriodicalId":341159,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126836296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of land degradation on freshwater and local communities’ participation in case Essera districtMethodology: This study was carried out in Essera Woreda of Dawuro zone in Ethiopia. Essera district was selected using purposive sampling technique because of the extensive problems of effect of land degradation on freshwater biodiversity and local community’s participation. The study was conducted using a combination of qualitative and participatory methods of data collection, including formal and informal interviews, semi-structured interviews; Key informant interviews (KI) as well as focus group discussion (FGD) with elderly people, model farmers, DAs and other concerned government bodies. The study was employed both primary and secondary data source. Primary data was collected from personal interview transect walking, and direct observation of the study area. The secondary data included information from natural resource office, other stakeholder office and review of different written document reports. The study data was collected through key informant interview and questionnaire. Microsoft excel 2010 was used for analyzing data and generating tabulated reports and charts. Tabular and categorization method was used as a method of data analysis for qualitative information.Results: The problem of land degradation could not be solved without addressing the socio-economic problems of the area. Demand based technologies; people’s participation, effective conservation, education and sense of ownership are the key elements essential for the sustainable management of natural resources. Simple and low cost technologies are more acceptable for farmers rather than expensive and labor intensive conservation techniques. Farmers need technologies which they can easily understand and implement on their farms with minimum cost.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Sustainable and participatory soil and water conservation structures must be developed to reduce degradation and achieve the productivity of the eroded land. Further, the government or NGO’s should provide alternative source of fuel (Electricity, Natural gas etc.), so that natural vegetation and crop residue would be saved and used for soil and water conservation.
{"title":"ASSESSMENTS OF THE EFFECTS OF LAND DEGRADATION ON FRESHWATER AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES PARTICIPATION IN ESSERA DISTRICT, DAWRO ZONE, SOUTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA","authors":"Bekele Tona Amenu","doi":"10.47672/ajns.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajns.290","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of land degradation on freshwater and local communities’ participation in case Essera districtMethodology: This study was carried out in Essera Woreda of Dawuro zone in Ethiopia. Essera district was selected using purposive sampling technique because of the extensive problems of effect of land degradation on freshwater biodiversity and local community’s participation. The study was conducted using a combination of qualitative and participatory methods of data collection, including formal and informal interviews, semi-structured interviews; Key informant interviews (KI) as well as focus group discussion (FGD) with elderly people, model farmers, DAs and other concerned government bodies. The study was employed both primary and secondary data source. Primary data was collected from personal interview transect walking, and direct observation of the study area. The secondary data included information from natural resource office, other stakeholder office and review of different written document reports. The study data was collected through key informant interview and questionnaire. Microsoft excel 2010 was used for analyzing data and generating tabulated reports and charts. Tabular and categorization method was used as a method of data analysis for qualitative information.Results: The problem of land degradation could not be solved without addressing the socio-economic problems of the area. Demand based technologies; people’s participation, effective conservation, education and sense of ownership are the key elements essential for the sustainable management of natural resources. Simple and low cost technologies are more acceptable for farmers rather than expensive and labor intensive conservation techniques. Farmers need technologies which they can easily understand and implement on their farms with minimum cost.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Sustainable and participatory soil and water conservation structures must be developed to reduce degradation and achieve the productivity of the eroded land. Further, the government or NGO’s should provide alternative source of fuel (Electricity, Natural gas etc.), so that natural vegetation and crop residue would be saved and used for soil and water conservation. ","PeriodicalId":341159,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122464150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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