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New menstrual terminology in the context of Judith Butler's gender theory 朱迪思·巴特勒性别理论背景下的新月经术语
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/genero2125107h
A. Huber
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the new menstrual terminology in the context of certain principles of Judith Butler's gender theory. Over the last few years, it has been emphasized, in public and academic discourse, that menstruation is not exclusively a feminine question, but it also affects people who do not feel or identify as cis women. It is about trans, intersexual, genderfluid, and non-binary people. Menstrual movements are formed to plead the linguistic reformulation of menstrual terminology and its gender neutrality. We will briefly expose the elements of Judith Butler's gender theory that are relevant to this topic. We will focus on Butler's thesis that sex and gender are socially, performatively constructed categories and that language is the main field of its origin and reformulation. We will study the origins and causes of this terminology, its consequences, and how the new menstrual concepts affect the redefinition of female and gender identities in general, considering the arguments of the trans movement and the arguments of radical feminism.
本文的目的是在朱迪思·巴特勒的性别理论的某些原则的背景下分析新的月经术语。在过去的几年里,在公共场合和学术讨论中,人们一直强调,月经不仅仅是一个女性问题,它也会影响到那些不认为自己是顺性女性的人。它是关于变性人、双性人、性别流动者和非二元性人的。月经运动的形成是为了恳求月经术语及其性别中立的语言重新制定。我们将简要地揭示朱迪思·巴特勒性别理论中与本主题相关的要素。我们将重点关注巴特勒的论点,即性和社会性别是社会上、行为上构建的范畴,语言是其起源和重新形成的主要领域。考虑到跨性别运动和激进女权主义的争论,我们将研究这个术语的起源和原因,它的后果,以及新的月经概念如何影响对女性和性别身份的重新定义。
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引用次数: 0
Violence TOWARDS women, violence OVER women, violence AGAINST women: How preposition changes (or does not change) the conceptualization of violence and the conceptualization of woman 对妇女的暴力,对妇女的暴力,对妇女的暴力:介词如何改变(或不改变)暴力的概念和妇女的概念
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/genero2125133i
Tamara Ivančević
A more profound study of prepositions within the framework of cognitive linguistics has highlighted the importance of the category of space in structuring both concrete and abstract meanings. Simultaneous, inconsistent, but grammatically correct use of three prepositions in the constructions: "violence TOWARDS women," "violence OVER women" (not used in the English language, but very common in the Serbian) and "violence AGAINST women" imposed the need for a detailed analysis of these three prepositions in the mentioned constructions and the similarities and differences of mental representations that may exist among speakers of the Serbian language, depending on which preposition is used. A key feature of cognitive linguistics - recognizing the influence of human beings and their environment on the formation and development of meaning - required an interdisciplinary approach, and therefore contextualization and explanation with the help of feminist theory, bearing in mind that the phenomenon of violence against women is primarily recognized, described and explained by feminist activism and theory. The interaction of language and environment can create or indicate cracks in certain concepts, which are especially prominent when there is a choice between several linguistic expressions that more closely denote and describe these concepts. Considering that the patriarchal structure of society creates a specific type of violence - violence that takes sex difference as an imperative, this paper seeks to show and explain the conceptual cracks related to violence and women and have arisen in the interaction of language and that patriarchal structure of society.
在认知语言学的框架内对介词进行了更深入的研究,强调了空间范畴在构建具体和抽象意义方面的重要性。三个介词在结构中同时、不一致但语法正确的使用:“对妇女的暴力”、“对妇女的暴力”(英语中不使用,但在塞尔维亚语中很常见)和“对妇女的暴力”使得有必要详细分析上述结构中的这三个介词,以及塞尔维亚语使用者之间可能存在的心理表征的异同,这取决于使用哪个介词。认知语言学的一个关键特征——认识到人类及其环境对意义的形成和发展的影响——需要一种跨学科的方法,因此需要在女权主义理论的帮助下进行语境化和解释,同时要记住,对妇女的暴力现象主要是由女权主义行动主义和理论认识、描述和解释的。语言和环境的相互作用可以在某些概念中产生或表明裂缝,当在几个更紧密地表示和描述这些概念的语言表达之间进行选择时,这种裂缝尤为突出。考虑到男权社会结构创造了一种特殊类型的暴力——以性别差异为命令性的暴力,本文试图展示和解释在语言与男权社会结构的相互作用中出现的与暴力和妇女有关的概念裂缝。
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引用次数: 0
Long March of women: Labour movement and its impact on the intellectual and social history of conflicts 妇女长征:劳工运动及其对思想史和社会史冲突的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/genero2125169l
Jelena Lalatović
This paper analyzes basic theoretical notions of the oppression of women, class inequality, women's history, and gender history discussed in the study named Dugi ženski marš. Položaj radnica i ženski aktivizam u Hrvatskoj između dvaju svjetskih ratova authored by a croatian historian Ana Rajković (2021). What is more, the paper examines the role of these assessments in creating the historiographical narrative as a whole. The study by Ana Rajković is an innovative synthesis of various insights about women's history in both the labour and feminist movement in Yugoslavia in the interwar period. Furthermore, the study provides possibilities for (re)interpretation of these insights in the context of women's contemporary social and intellectual history. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to re-examine the theoretical and methodological differences between contemporary historiography, of which Ana Rajković is a representative, and seminal historical syntheses in Yugoslavia after the Second World War, whose main focus was also on female members of the communist movement and their activity in the interwar period.
本文分析了杜吉ženski马尔什研究中关于女性受压迫、阶级不平等、女性史和性别史的基本理论概念。Položaj radnica i ženski aktivizam u Hrvatskoj između dvaju svjetskih ratova由克罗地亚历史学家Ana rajkovic撰写(2021年)。更重要的是,本文考察了这些评价在创造整个史学叙事中的作用。Ana rajkovic的研究是对两次世界大战期间南斯拉夫劳工运动和女权运动中妇女历史的各种见解的创新综合。此外,该研究为在女性当代社会和思想史的背景下(重新)解释这些见解提供了可能性。因此,本文的目的是重新审视当代史学在理论和方法上的差异,其中安娜·拉杰科维奇是第二次世界大战后南斯拉夫的代表性和开创性的历史综合,其主要焦点也是共产主义运动的女性成员及其在两次世界大战期间的活动。
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引用次数: 0
Apocalyptic discourses about ecological crisis in contemporary media culture 当代媒介文化中关于生态危机的启示话语
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/genero2125055m
Snežana Milin-Perković
Ecology is a very common topic in contemporary media, whether it concerns global problems, like climate change and devastation of ecosystems, or it addresses local questions of air, water, or soil pollution, waste disposal, or natural resources. As an inspiration for apocalyptic discourses, the ecological catastrophe remains in media culture, dispersing through visions of a changed future worlds, a collapse of an overpopulated and resourse-drained civilisation, devastation of natural and living worlds, pollution sickness, wars, and a growing social-economic gap. Media texts that are the subject of the research show shapes of apocalyptic scenarios in the everyday talk about ecological problems, but they also present many meanings and interpretations of these issues, especially in terms of economic and political interests that induce complex discourses about sustainable growth, that is the capability of the system to avoid collapse and control the risks it is based on. The text clearly presents several ecological topics and their different interpretations that imply a crisis of trust in institutions (a trust that they are capable of resolving ecological problems), as well as the potential of apocalyptic discourses as political and ideological means in defining the crisis and keeping it within the system.
生态学在当代媒体中是一个非常常见的话题,无论是涉及气候变化和生态系统破坏等全球性问题,还是涉及空气、水或土壤污染、废物处理或自然资源等局部问题。作为启示录话语的灵感来源,生态灾难仍然存在于媒体文化中,通过对未来世界的改变、人口过剩和资源枯竭的文明的崩溃、自然和生物世界的破坏、污染疾病、战争和日益扩大的社会经济差距的想象传播开来。作为研究主题的媒体文本在日常关于生态问题的讨论中显示了世界末日场景的形状,但它们也呈现了这些问题的许多含义和解释,特别是在经济和政治利益方面,它们引发了关于可持续增长的复杂话语,即系统避免崩溃和控制其所基于的风险的能力。文本清楚地提出了几个生态主题及其不同的解释,暗示了对机构的信任危机(信任他们有能力解决生态问题),以及作为定义危机并将其保持在系统内的政治和意识形态手段的启示录话语的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Death, genre, and gender in the graphic novel 'I kill giants' 漫画小说《我杀巨人》中的死亡、体裁和性别
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/genero2125001j
Irena M. Jovanović
This paper analyzes the heroic narrative in the graphic novel for children and youth I Kill Giants. Since the central theme of the novel is the heroine's dealing with the loss of a parent, the analysis relies on recent research on the topic of death in children's and adolescent literature that emphasizes a close connection between this topic and gender representation/construction. Dealing with the death of loved ones and the awareness of the inevitability of one's own death in children's literature is often presented as part of the growing-up process in which heroines acquire knowledge about their position within social power structures. The paper focuses on the main structural elements of the heroic narrative, such as overcoming obstacles through action, triumphing over the enemy, perseverance, and commitment to the goal as the main features of the hero's character. From the point of view of feminist literary criticism, the paper aims to show that progressiveness in terms of gender construction, apart from the inclusion of a female character in the position of a hero, requires redefining most of the main structural elements of this predominantly male genre. These changes in the graphic novel I Kill Giants have undermined clear boundaries within the binary oppositions: male-female, private-public, civilized-wild, realistic-fantastic, rational-emotional, adult-child, showing significant possibilities for these types of interventions within the genre framework of the heroic narrative.
本文分析了少年儿童漫画小说《我杀巨人》中的英雄叙事。由于小说的中心主题是女主人公如何处理失去父母的问题,因此本文的分析依赖于最近对儿童和青少年文学中死亡话题的研究,这些研究强调了这一话题与性别表现/建构之间的密切联系。在儿童文学中,面对亲人的死亡和意识到自己的死亡是不可避免的,这通常是女主人公成长过程的一部分,在这个过程中,女主人公获得了关于自己在社会权力结构中的地位的知识。本文着重分析了英雄叙事的主要结构元素,如通过行动克服障碍、战胜敌人、坚持不懈、对目标的承诺等英雄性格的主要特征。从女性主义文学批评的角度出发,本文旨在表明性别建构方面的进步,除了将女性角色纳入英雄的位置之外,还需要重新定义这种以男性为主的类型的大多数主要结构元素。漫画小说《我杀死巨人》中的这些变化破坏了二元对立的清晰界限:男性-女性、私人-公共、文明-野生、现实-幻想、理性-情感、成人-儿童,在英雄叙事的类型框架中显示了这些类型干预的重大可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Gender and name: Towards thinking of the possible in the work of Judith Butler and Sylvain Lazarus 性别与名字:Judith Butler和Sylvain Lazarus作品中的可能性思考
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/genero2125087g
Slobodan Golubović
Judith Butler analyzes the concepts of name and naming in clear opposition to psychoanalytic theory, as well as structuralist anthropology, in which, starting from the experience of the lesbian position in Willa Cather's prose, she recognizes and exposes patrilineal model of thinking and naming. This line of thought will be shown critique of Sigmund Freud's critical studies regarding the status of the body and erogenity, the dialectic of having and being a phallus in the early phase of Jacques Lacan's work, and examining the question of the imaginary or symbolic status of the phallus in Lacan's work. However, starting from Miller's (Jacques-Alain Miller) reading of Lacan's seminar L'envers de la psychanalyse, in the section "Father's Names," we will reconstruct a radical break in the theory of the late Lacan, both in relation to Freud, but also regarding his own position from the early phases and point to the understanding of names as a place of convergence of the late psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan and the theory of Judith Butler. This will be followed by a discussion of the same problem (names) in the work of the French anthropologist Sylvain Lazarus in an attempt to show how the discussion of this problem can be understood homologously with Butler's reading of Willa Cather's prose. In the following part, we will try to show how late Lacan's theory and Lazarus's Anthropology of the name can provide a fruitful framework for a theoretical dialogue with Judith Butler and a re-examination of traditional conceptions of language and naming.
朱迪思·巴特勒以一种与精神分析理论和结构主义人类学截然相反的观点分析了名字和命名的概念,她从威拉·凯瑟散文中的女同性恋地位的经历出发,承认并揭露了父系思维和命名的模式。这一思想路线将展示对西格蒙德·弗洛伊德关于身体和性欲地位的批判性研究的批判,雅克·拉康早期作品中拥有和成为阳具的辩证法,以及拉康作品中阳具的想象或象征地位的问题。然而,从米勒(Jacques- alain Miller)对拉康精神分析研讨会L'envers de la psychoanalyse的阅读开始,在“父亲的名字”一节中,我们将重建晚期拉康理论的根本断裂,既与弗洛伊德有关,也考虑到他自己从早期阶段的立场,并指出名字的理解是雅克·拉康晚期精神分析理论和朱迪思·巴特勒理论的汇合。接下来,我们将讨论法国人类学家Sylvain Lazarus的作品中同样的问题(人名)试图展示如何将对这个问题的讨论与Butler对Willa Cather散文的阅读相提并论。在接下来的部分中,我们将试图展示拉康晚期的理论和拉撒路的名字人类学如何能够为与朱迪思·巴特勒的理论对话和对传统语言和命名概念的重新审视提供一个富有成效的框架。
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引用次数: 1
'Male gaze' in the mini-series 'Queen's Gambit' 迷你剧《女王的开局》中的“男性凝视”
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/genero2125037v
Jelena Veselinović
The patriarchal system is based on the idea of phallocentrism, in which phallus, or male sexual organ, represents the central element in the organization of society. In such a system, a woman is perceived through her lack of phallus by which she symbolizes the threat of castration, or in other words, castration anxiety. The gender difference, defined by this deficiency, is used to establish a system in which a woman is subordinate to men. As such, a woman is the subject of a controlling "male gaze." Using the theoretical framework set by Laura Mulvey in her essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Film," this paper shows how the "male gaze" influences the construction of female characters in contemporary cinematography. The example used for this analysis is the series Queen's Gambit, which was well received by the feminist audience, despite the fact that the main character was adjusted on various levels to serve the requirements of the "male gaze." Additionally, part of the paper will analyze harmful stereotypes through which racial and sexual minorities are presented in the series and point out how the film industry shapes social norms and lifestyles through the normalization of such models.
男权制度是建立在男权中心观念的基础上的,在男权中心观念中,男性的性器官是社会组织的中心元素。在这样的体系中,女性通过缺少阳具而被认为是阉割的威胁,或者换句话说,阉割焦虑。由这一缺陷所定义的性别差异,被用来建立一种妇女从属于男子的制度。因此,女性是“男性凝视”的控制对象。本文运用劳拉·穆尔维在《视觉愉悦与叙事电影》一文中提出的理论框架,探讨了“男性凝视”如何影响当代电影中女性角色的建构。这个分析使用的例子是《皇后的Gambit》系列,它受到女权主义观众的欢迎,尽管事实上主角在各个层面上进行了调整,以满足“男性目光”的要求。此外,论文的一部分将分析通过种族和性少数群体在系列中呈现的有害刻板印象,并指出电影行业如何通过这种模式的正常化来塑造社会规范和生活方式。
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引用次数: 0
DE BRUCE A CAITLYN JENNER: ESPORTE, CELEBRIDADE, TRANSGENERIDADE 从布鲁斯到凯特琳·詹纳:体育、名人、变性人
Pub Date : 2020-10-29 DOI: 10.22409/RG.V21I1.46979
A. Vaz, Wagner Xavier de Camargo, K. Silva, Julia Mara Pegoraro Silvestrin
Políticas identitárias e identidades transgênero têm mobilizadoopinião pública, mídias e mundo científico. Afinal, o que um corpo transgênerodiz sobre si? Partindo disso, tomamos a trajetória de Bruce/Caitlyn Jennercomo mote analítico. Para além da construção imagética da celebridade e desua trajetória como ex-atleta, Caitlyn postula novas possibilidades de repensaras relações com o próprio corpo transgênero e outros corpos. Entendendo quecorpo, política e esporte não estão descolados, ao atrelarmos performanceesportiva à performatividade de gênero discorremos acerca de impedimentose regulações sobre o corpo transgênero no esporte. Sintetizamos, finalmente,questões para o esporte e a sociedade.
身份政策和跨性别身份动员了公众舆论、媒体和科学界。毕竟,一个变性人的身体是怎么回事?基于此,我们采用了Bruce/Caitlyn Jenneras分析座右铭的轨迹。除了这位名人的形象构建和他作为前运动员的轨迹外,凯特琳还提出了重新思考与自己的跨性别身体和其他身体关系的新可能性。了解到身体、政治和体育并不酷,当将体育表现与性别表现联系起来时,我们讨论了体育运动中跨性别身体的障碍和规定。最后,我们总结了体育和社会问题。
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引用次数: 0
VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO NUMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA BRASILEIRA: SAINDO DA INVISIBILIDADE 巴西一所公立大学的普遍暴力事件:让人看不见
Pub Date : 2020-10-24 DOI: 10.22409/RG.V21I1.46596
Aida Victória Garcia Montrone, Marcia Regina Cangiani Fabbro, Teresa Cristina Martins Dias, Lívia Maria Fusari, Diogo Barboza Moreira
Pesquisa descritiva-transversal/inferencial em universidade pública do interior de São Paulo. Objetivo: mapear violência de gênero; verificar a probabilidade de um/a estudante a sofrer. Método: questionário on-line enviado para estudantes de cursos presencias, entre maio-outubro/2018. Análise utilizou frequência, correspondência múltipla e modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: 84% tinham menos de 26 anos, 70% se declararam brancos; 68% heterossexuais e 59% feminino cis. Há desconhecimento dos tipos de violência de gênero reconhecidos e poucos/as estudantes a reportaram por não saber como fazê-lo. Estudantes mulheres, negras e homossexuais têm probabilidade seis vezes maior de sofrer violência, em comparação a homens, brancos e heterossexuais.
圣保罗内陆一所公立大学的描述性横向/推理研究。目标:绘制性别暴力地图;验证学生遭受痛苦的可能性。方法:在2018年5月至10月期间向面授课程的学生发送在线问卷。分析采用频率、多元对应和逻辑回归模型。结果:84%的人年龄在26岁以下,70%的人宣称自己是白人;68%为异性恋,59%为女性顺式。对公认的性别暴力类型一无所知,很少有学生报告,因为他们不知道如何实施。女性、黑人和同性恋学生遭受暴力的可能性是男性、白人和异性恋学生的六倍。
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引用次数: 2
FILOSOFIA, FEMINISMO NEGRO E CRÍTICA AO SISTEMA PRISIONAL 菲洛索菲亚、黑人女权主义与对监狱制度的批判
Pub Date : 2020-10-24 DOI: 10.22409/rg.v21i1.46934
Anselmo Peres Alós
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Genero
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