Pub Date : 2018-12-04DOI: 10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0005
C. Suárez-Orozco
The social context into which refugee, migrant, or unaccompanied children and youth settle has significant implications for shaping both their short-term adaptation for a variety of outcomes as well as their future participation in their new homelands. It also has significant implications for the future of the all post-industrial nations. Immigrant- and refugee-origin children face considerable challenges as they navigate their new lands, particularly during the transition period while concurrently often embodying extraordinary resilience, optimism, and work ethic. In this chapter, models for understanding the immigrant and refugee-origin child experience are articulated along with strategies for bridging the compassion gap, and developing ecologies of care aimed at serving to integrate these young people into the fabric of our societies.
{"title":"A Compassionate Perspective on Immigrant Children and Youth","authors":"C. Suárez-Orozco","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The social context into which refugee, migrant, or unaccompanied children and youth settle has significant implications for shaping both their short-term adaptation for a variety of outcomes as well as their future participation in their new homelands. It also has significant implications for the future of the all post-industrial nations. Immigrant- and refugee-origin children face considerable challenges as they navigate their new lands, particularly during the transition period while concurrently often embodying extraordinary resilience, optimism, and work ethic. In this chapter, models for understanding the immigrant and refugee-origin child experience are articulated along with strategies for bridging the compassion gap, and developing ecologies of care aimed at serving to integrate these young people into the fabric of our societies.","PeriodicalId":342755,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarianism and Mass Migration","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132203198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-04DOI: 10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0008
T. Stathopoulou
This chapter presents an overview of the refugee situation in Greece after the EU-Turkey agreement in March 2016 that has led to the entrapment of more than 60.000 of refugees in the country. Drawing on the empirical findings of research conducted in six refugee camps across Greece and five shelters for unaccompanied minors in Athens greater area, the chapter examines the reception and living conditions, the feelings of insecurity and loss as well as the traumatic and discriminative experiences of the refugee population. The chapter also discusses the major methodological and ethical challenges that arise from surveying highly diverse in terms of culture and language, traumatized and vulnerable people in unstable and emergency conditions.
{"title":"Surveying the Hard-to-Survey","authors":"T. Stathopoulou","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents an overview of the refugee situation in Greece after the EU-Turkey agreement in March 2016 that has led to the entrapment of more than 60.000 of refugees in the country. Drawing on the empirical findings of research conducted in six refugee camps across Greece and five shelters for unaccompanied minors in Athens greater area, the chapter examines the reception and living conditions, the feelings of insecurity and loss as well as the traumatic and discriminative experiences of the refugee population. The chapter also discusses the major methodological and ethical challenges that arise from surveying highly diverse in terms of culture and language, traumatized and vulnerable people in unstable and emergency conditions.","PeriodicalId":342755,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarianism and Mass Migration","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122582822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-04DOI: 10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297128.003.0010
I. Bokova
In the face of the worst refugee crisis since World War II, deepening inequalities and the rise of violent extremism, new forms of global solidarity are required to nurture respect for all and to promote the values of inclusion, dialogue and mutual understanding. This goal stands at the heart of all UNESCO’ work to empower every woman and man with the skills and competences to strengthen a culture of peace. The challenge is twofold: to ensure universal access to learning, especially in conflict-affected countries; and to transform education systems by fostering skills for responsible global citizenship – in short for living together in trust.
{"title":"Empowering Global Citizens for a Just and Peaceful World","authors":"I. Bokova","doi":"10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297128.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297128.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of the worst refugee crisis since World War II, deepening inequalities and the rise of violent extremism, new forms of global solidarity are required to nurture respect for all and to promote the values of inclusion, dialogue and mutual understanding. This goal stands at the heart of all UNESCO’ work to empower every woman and man with the skills and competences to strengthen a culture of peace. The challenge is twofold: to ensure universal access to learning, especially in conflict-affected countries; and to transform education systems by fostering skills for responsible global citizenship – in short for living together in trust.","PeriodicalId":342755,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarianism and Mass Migration","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114941185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-04DOI: 10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0002
F. Forman, V. Ramanathan
With unchecked emissions of pollutants, global warming is projected to increase to 1.50C within 15 years; to 20C within 35 years and 40C by 2100. These projections are central values with a small (<5%) probability that warming by 2100 can exceed 60C with potentially catastrophic impacts on every human being, living and yet unborn. Climate is already changing in perceptible ways through floods, droughts, wildfires, heat waves and sea level rise, displacing communities and catalyzing migration. Climate migration describes the voluntary and forced movement of people within and across habitats due to changes in climate. While estimates vary from 25 million to as many as one billion climate change migrants by 2050, achieving reliable quantitative estimates of future climate migration faces forbidding obstacles due to: 1) a wide range of projected warming due to uncertainties in climate feedbacks; 2) the lack of a settled definition for climate migration; and 3) the causal complexity of migration due to variability in non-environmental factors such as bioregion, culture, economics, politics and individual factors. But waiting for reliable estimates this creates unacceptable ethical risks. Therefore, we advocate a probabilistic approach to climate migration that accounts for both central and low probability warming projections as the only ethical response to the unfolding crisis. We conclude that in the absence of drastic mitigation actions, climate change-induced mass migration can become a major threat during the latter half of this century.
{"title":"Unchecked Climate Change and Mass Migration","authors":"F. Forman, V. Ramanathan","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"With unchecked emissions of pollutants, global warming is projected to increase to 1.50C within 15 years; to 20C within 35 years and 40C by 2100. These projections are central values with a small (<5%) probability that warming by 2100 can exceed 60C with potentially catastrophic impacts on every human being, living and yet unborn. Climate is already changing in perceptible ways through floods, droughts, wildfires, heat waves and sea level rise, displacing communities and catalyzing migration. Climate migration describes the voluntary and forced movement of people within and across habitats due to changes in climate. While estimates vary from 25 million to as many as one billion climate change migrants by 2050, achieving reliable quantitative estimates of future climate migration faces forbidding obstacles due to: 1) a wide range of projected warming due to uncertainties in climate feedbacks; 2) the lack of a settled definition for climate migration; and 3) the causal complexity of migration due to variability in non-environmental factors such as bioregion, culture, economics, politics and individual factors. But waiting for reliable estimates this creates unacceptable ethical risks. Therefore, we advocate a probabilistic approach to climate migration that accounts for both central and low probability warming projections as the only ethical response to the unfolding crisis. We conclude that in the absence of drastic mitigation actions, climate change-induced mass migration can become a major threat during the latter half of this century.","PeriodicalId":342755,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarianism and Mass Migration","volume":"72 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113943537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-04DOI: 10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0017
F. Borgonovi, M. Piacentini, Andreas Schleicher
Migration is a shared condition of all humanity. We have all been strangers in a strange land. All humanity lives today as a result of migration, by themselves or their ancestors. Migration is a matter sometimes of choice, often of need, and always an inalienable right. All helpless people deserve to be helped. Offering such help is a commandment and a blessing shared among all religions. Accordingly, as Pope Francis reminds us, our duties to migrants include ‘to welcome’, ‘to protect’, ‘to promote’, and ‘to integrate.’ National borders are not a result of primary natural law, as aren't private property and clothes, ‘because nature did not give [humans] clothes, but art invented them’. National borders depend on social, political and geographical factors. Therefore, faced with current waves of mass migration, in order to establish practices that respond to the common good we need to be guided by three levels of responsibility. The first principle being that ‘in case of need all things are common’, because ‘every man is my brother’. This principle is relative to existence or subsistence and conditions other related issues (such as accommodation, food, housing, security, etc.). Secondly, as part of the fundamental rights of people, legal guarantees of primary rights that foster an ‘organic participation’ in the economic and social life of the nation. Access to these economic and social goods, including education and employment, will allow people to develop their own abilities. Thirdly, a deeper sense of integration, reflecting responsibilities related to protecting, examining and developing the values that underpin the deep, stable, unity of a society- and, more fundamentally, create a horizon of public peace, understood as St. Augustine's ‘tranquility in order’. In particular, with regards to the aforementioned context, policies on migration should be guided by prudence, but prudence must never mean exclusion. On the contrary, governments should evaluate, ‘with wisdom and foresight, the extent to which their country is in a position, without prejudice to the common good of citizens, to offer a decent life to migrants, especially those truly in need of protection. Strangely enough, the response of most governments in the face of this phenomenon only seems to value the third principle, completely disregarding the first two.
{"title":"Improving the Education and Social Integration of Immigrant Students","authors":"F. Borgonovi, M. Piacentini, Andreas Schleicher","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Migration is a shared condition of all humanity. We have all been strangers in a strange land. All humanity lives today as a result of migration, by themselves or their ancestors. Migration is a matter sometimes of choice, often of need, and always an inalienable right.\u0000All helpless people deserve to be helped. Offering such help is a commandment and a blessing shared among all religions. Accordingly, as Pope Francis reminds us, our duties to migrants include ‘to welcome’, ‘to protect’, ‘to promote’, and ‘to integrate.’\u0000National borders are not a result of primary natural law, as aren't private property and clothes, ‘because nature did not give [humans] clothes, but art invented them’. National borders depend on social, political and geographical factors. Therefore, faced with current waves of mass migration, in order to establish practices that respond to the common good we need to be guided by three levels of responsibility.\u0000The first principle being that ‘in case of need all things are common’, because ‘every man is my brother’. This principle is relative to existence or subsistence and conditions other related issues (such as accommodation, food, housing, security, etc.).\u0000Secondly, as part of the fundamental rights of people, legal guarantees of primary rights that foster an ‘organic participation’ in the economic and social life of the nation. Access to these economic and social goods, including education and employment, will allow people to develop their own abilities.\u0000Thirdly, a deeper sense of integration, reflecting responsibilities related to protecting, examining and developing the values that underpin the deep, stable, unity of a society- and, more fundamentally, create a horizon of public peace, understood as St. Augustine's ‘tranquility in order’. In particular, with regards to the aforementioned context, policies on migration should be guided by prudence, but prudence must never mean exclusion. On the contrary, governments should evaluate, ‘with wisdom and foresight, the extent to which their country is in a position, without prejudice to the common good of citizens, to offer a decent life to migrants, especially those truly in need of protection.\u0000Strangely enough, the response of most governments in the face of this phenomenon only seems to value the third principle, completely disregarding the first two.","PeriodicalId":342755,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarianism and Mass Migration","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115769847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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