Pub Date : 2021-01-03DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2020.19.4.48
E. Skawińska, R. Zalewski
The article contributes to the theory of sustainability. It aims to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on global food security and its role in changing food supply chains, with a particular focus on international chains. The research is presented in several sections. The analytical portion discusses the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological crisis on the global food market. The state of food safety is then presented, taking into account the quantitative and qualitative aspects. Next, the aspect of the economic availability of food is examined, as well as the important role that international food chains play in shaping food safety. All sections include the results of an analysis of international secondary data on food security under the influence of an ongoing pandemic. The stated objective of the work was achieved and the questions that formulate the research problem were answered. Finally, the need for further normative studies was identified.
{"title":"IMPACT OF CORONAVIRUS COVID-19 ON THE FOOD SYSTEM","authors":"E. Skawińska, R. Zalewski","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2020.19.4.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2020.19.4.48","url":null,"abstract":"The article contributes to the theory of sustainability. It aims to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on global food security and its role in changing food supply chains, with a particular focus on international chains. The research is presented in several sections. The analytical portion discusses the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological crisis on the global food market. The state of food safety is then presented, taking into account the quantitative and qualitative aspects. Next, the aspect of the economic availability of food is examined, as well as the important role that international food chains play in shaping food safety. All sections include the results of an analysis of international secondary data on food security under the influence of an ongoing pandemic. The stated objective of the work was achieved and the questions that formulate the research problem were answered. Finally, the need for further normative studies was identified.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78195789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.45
W. Lichota
The main aim of this article is to assess the use of discriminatory models to verify the likelihood that an enterprise's activities will continue, using a sample of enterprises from the automotive industry as a case study. The suitability of 10 models will be verified by a three-point credit assessment method. As seen in the research results, discriminatory models can be used to verify an enterprise's likelihood of continuing its activity. Taking into account the received values for discriminatory functions and banking methods over four years, a convergence of indications was demonstrated. In the vast majority of cases, the increase or decrease in the value of the functions was reflected in a corresponding change in the value of banking methods. Based on the conducted research, it should be stated that the most characteristic variables influencing the values of the discriminant function in the automotive industry concerned debt and profitability. (original abstract)
{"title":"The Use of Discriminatory Models to Verify the Likelihood of Continued Activities for Enterprises : Case Study on Select Enterprises from the Automotive Industry","authors":"W. Lichota","doi":"10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.45","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this article is to assess the use of discriminatory models to verify the likelihood that an enterprise's activities will continue, using a sample of enterprises from the automotive industry as a case study. The suitability of 10 models will be verified by a three-point credit assessment method. As seen in the research results, discriminatory models can be used to verify an enterprise's likelihood of continuing its activity. Taking into account the received values for discriminatory functions and banking methods over four years, a convergence of indications was demonstrated. In the vast majority of cases, the increase or decrease in the value of the functions was reflected in a corresponding change in the value of banking methods. Based on the conducted research, it should be stated that the most characteristic variables influencing the values of the discriminant function in the automotive industry concerned debt and profitability. (original abstract)","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77298309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.43
P. Kennedy
This paper aims to study health policy problems in Indonesia's border areas. It is especially focused on the case of health problems in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. The research method used is a quantitative description approach. It is necessary to increase the development of health infrastructure and its supporters in border areas. It is also necessary to socialise and improve health insurance services from the government, as well as improve human resources in the health sector. (original abstract)
{"title":"Health Policy Problems In Indonesia's Border Regio","authors":"P. Kennedy","doi":"10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.43","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to study health policy problems in Indonesia's border areas. It is especially focused on the case of health problems in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. The research method used is a quantitative description approach. It is necessary to increase the development of health infrastructure and its supporters in border areas. It is also necessary to socialise and improve health insurance services from the government, as well as improve human resources in the health sector. (original abstract)","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89709720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.37
A. Buszko
The article analyses labour market flexibility in the context of the shadow economy. The main research problem is devoted to the flexibility of the construction labour market in relation to the level of labourers who work in a country's shadow economy. The following hypothesis was adopted: Flexibility of the labour market for the construction industry decreases with an increase in the level of the shadow economy. The MIMIC approach was used to calculate the level of the shadow economy in a group of selected countries, divided into three categories. The first category includes countries with a relatively low level of shadow economy (less than 15% of their GDP). The second group contains a level starting from 15 to 25% of their GDP, while the third group has a shadow economy that exceeds 25% of GDP. The Pearson correlation index was applied in order to measure the coefficient level between market flexibility and the size of the shadow economy. The flexibility of the labour market was calculated as the change of unemployment caused by the change of construction industry output. The research proved that the correlation between market flexibility and the shadow economy is significant. This is due to the fact that the Pearson index reached the level of 0.866, which means that whenever the shadow economy increases, the labour market flexibility of the construction industry decreases. (original abstract)
{"title":"Labour Market Flexibility in the Context of the Shadow Economy for the Construction Industry","authors":"A. Buszko","doi":"10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.37","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses labour market flexibility in the context of the shadow economy. The main research problem is devoted to the flexibility of the construction labour market in relation to the level of labourers who work in a country's shadow economy. The following hypothesis was adopted: Flexibility of the labour market for the construction industry decreases with an increase in the level of the shadow economy. The MIMIC approach was used to calculate the level of the shadow economy in a group of selected countries, divided into three categories. The first category includes countries with a relatively low level of shadow economy (less than 15% of their GDP). The second group contains a level starting from 15 to 25% of their GDP, while the third group has a shadow economy that exceeds 25% of GDP. The Pearson correlation index was applied in order to measure the coefficient level between market flexibility and the size of the shadow economy. The flexibility of the labour market was calculated as the change of unemployment caused by the change of construction industry output. The research proved that the correlation between market flexibility and the shadow economy is significant. This is due to the fact that the Pearson index reached the level of 0.866, which means that whenever the shadow economy increases, the labour market flexibility of the construction industry decreases. (original abstract)","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86460653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.4.46
Trevor Uyi Omoruyi, G. Rembielak
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the RM approach in the experience of international students in business schools within the UK Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The Relationship Marketing (RM) strategy has gained recognition over the years, especially within the last decade, which can be seen in the Higher Education (HE) sector. The HE sector has in recent times been highly competitive, especially in the global market. Despite this growth in competition, there has been little or no effort in the application of RM strategy by HE Institutions competing in the global marketplace for international students. The growing competition has been driven by the goal HEI’s have to internationalise and attract, recruit and retain the best international students. Higher Education Institutions have become aware of the contributions that international students bring to these institutions. Hence, efforts are geared towards retaining international students. This study considers the role of using RM with international students. The relevant data was collected from face-to-face semi-structured interviews and focus groups, which were conducted with university managers and international students across four universities in the UK. The study identifies several impacts of using RM on international students’ overall experience. It further highlights aspects of the RM approach that are more significant to international students’ experience. The study concluded that the RM approach positively affects international student experience if effectively developed and implemented.
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP MARKETING AND ITS ROLE IN THE EXPERIENCE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS","authors":"Trevor Uyi Omoruyi, G. Rembielak","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2019.18.4.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2019.18.4.46","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the RM approach in the experience of international students in business schools within the UK Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The Relationship Marketing (RM) strategy has gained recognition over the years, especially within the last decade, which can be seen in the Higher Education (HE) sector. The HE sector has in recent times been highly competitive, especially in the global market. Despite this growth in competition, there has been little or no effort in the application of RM strategy by HE Institutions competing in the global marketplace for international students. The growing competition has been driven by the goal HEI’s have to internationalise and attract, recruit and retain the best international students. Higher Education Institutions have become aware of the contributions that international students bring to these institutions. Hence, efforts are geared towards retaining international students. This study considers the role of using RM with international students. The relevant data was collected from face-to-face semi-structured interviews and focus groups, which were conducted with university managers and international students across four universities in the UK. The study identifies several impacts of using RM on international students’ overall experience. It further highlights aspects of the RM approach that are more significant to international students’ experience. The study concluded that the RM approach positively affects international student experience if effectively developed and implemented.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80227253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.38
G. Wronowska, J. Rosiek
Increase in convergence of the European Union countries has been focal for the European Union leaders, from the very beginning. The aim of the study is to examine whether any social convergence occurred in the EU-28 from 2010 to 2016, in the context of the implementation of the recommendations and the social policy objectives formulated under the Europe 2020 strategy. This article is based on an overview of the literature on the subject and the statistics of Eurostat. The methods of assessing the effectiveness of objects is DEA and sigma convergence. It is a new approach to convergence measurement based on the assessment of the efficiency diversification of the European Union countries and it has clearly been the value added to the analyses conducted so far. The obtained results in the scope of the estimation of the effectiveness were then compared to the existing results produced with the use of the methods generally recognized and employed in the literature. Conclusions were presented in the final part of the study.
{"title":"SOCIAL CONVERGENCE IN THE EU-28 COUNTRIES IN THE LIGHT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPE 2020 STRATEGY. THE DEA APPROACH","authors":"G. Wronowska, J. Rosiek","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.38","url":null,"abstract":"Increase in convergence of the European Union countries has been focal for the European Union leaders, from the very beginning. The aim of the study is to examine whether any social convergence occurred in the EU-28 from 2010 to 2016, in the context of the implementation of the recommendations and the social policy objectives formulated under the Europe 2020 strategy. This article is based on an overview of the literature on the subject and the statistics of Eurostat. The methods of assessing the effectiveness of objects is DEA and sigma convergence. It is a new approach to convergence measurement based on the assessment of the efficiency diversification of the European Union countries and it has clearly been the value added to the analyses conducted so far. The obtained results in the scope of the estimation of the effectiveness were then compared to the existing results produced with the use of the methods generally recognized and employed in the literature. Conclusions were presented in the final part of the study.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83761077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.35
E. Skawińska
The following paper is innovative and based on the premise that consumers play a vital role in the development of the economy in Poland. Its structure, in addition to introduction and summary, consists of two parts: cognitive and practical. The research question is: Can consumer influence the implementation of the principles of circular economy in Poland towards their faster and more efficient application? The aim of the paper is to offer a theoretical model for research and stimulation of changes in consumer behaviour towards an innovative and socially responsible consumer action (CnSR). We used experimental, descriptive model and visual research methods. The paper is normative.
{"title":"INNOVATIVE AND SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IN PARADIGM OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY – A RESEARCH MODEL","authors":"E. Skawińska","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.35","url":null,"abstract":"The following paper is innovative and based on the premise that consumers play a vital role in the development of the economy in Poland. Its structure, in addition to introduction and summary, consists of two parts: cognitive and practical. The research question is: Can consumer influence the implementation of the principles of circular economy in Poland towards their faster and more efficient application? The aim of the paper is to offer a theoretical model for research and stimulation of changes in consumer behaviour towards an innovative and socially responsible consumer action (CnSR). We used experimental, descriptive model and visual research methods. The paper is normative.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86510150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.37
Bogdan Sojkin, Magdalena Ankiel
The article presents the results of the study investigating the purchasing behaviour of the residents of six large Polish cities (Warsaw, Wrocław, Katowice, Poznań, Białystok, and Gdańsk). Specifically, the study concentrates on the consumer shopping preferences with regard to grocery retail chains, pointing to the general differences and similarities, as well as gender- and age-specific tendencies. The study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 among 1970 respondents. This article also presents data from various reports of the research institutions from Poland and Europe: PMR, Nielsen, Ronald Berger, Euromonitor International, GfK Polonia. Despite problems with their comparability, they multidimensionally reflect the discussed issues that relate to the functioning of Polish retail trade, and they indirectly point to the purchasing behaviour of residents of Polish cities.
{"title":"RETAIL NETWORKS AS A PLACE OF PURCHASE – THE EXAMPLE OF LARGE CITIES IN POLAND","authors":"Bogdan Sojkin, Magdalena Ankiel","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.37","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study investigating the purchasing behaviour of the residents of six large Polish cities (Warsaw, Wrocław, Katowice, Poznań, Białystok, and Gdańsk). Specifically, the study concentrates on the consumer shopping preferences with regard to grocery retail chains, pointing to the general differences and similarities, as well as gender- and age-specific tendencies. The study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 among 1970 respondents. This article also presents data from various reports of the research institutions from Poland and Europe: PMR, Nielsen, Ronald Berger, Euromonitor International, GfK Polonia. Despite problems with their comparability, they multidimensionally reflect the discussed issues that relate to the functioning of Polish retail trade, and they indirectly point to the purchasing behaviour of residents of Polish cities.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"268 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79844953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.33
A. Płonka
The paper discusses the relation between issues related to environment protection and agricultural production carried out according to the adopted cultivation system. Surveys were conducted in 127 farms focused on plant production of which a fragment has been presented showing agricultural producers’ opinions about issues related to the Code of Good Agricultural Practice. One of underlying assumptions was an attempt to identify farmers’ attitudes to and their opinions about the practical application of principles adopted in the Code. The research shows that the application of the principles of good agricultural practice depended on the cultivation system adopted on the farm. Owners of farms managed in the integrated and organic production system fully declared knowledge of the Code itself and the content it contained, which translated into a higher level of their knowledge and implementation of recommendations in practice compared to people running traditional farms. One of major obstacles preventing the implementation of good agricultural practices by farms was the lack of information about the Code and promotion of its importance to the implementation of the concept of sustainable development.
{"title":"KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC PRODUCTION SAFETY STANDARDS AND RULES OF GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE IN OPINIONS OF AGRICULTURAL OWNERS","authors":"A. Płonka","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.33","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the relation between issues related to environment protection and agricultural production carried out according to the adopted cultivation system. Surveys were conducted in 127 farms focused on plant production of which a fragment has been presented showing agricultural producers’ opinions about issues related to the Code of Good Agricultural Practice. One of underlying assumptions was an attempt to identify farmers’ attitudes to and their opinions about the practical application of principles adopted in the Code. The research shows that the application of the principles of good agricultural practice depended on the cultivation system adopted on the farm. Owners of farms managed in the integrated and organic production system fully declared knowledge of the Code itself and the content it contained, which translated into a higher level of their knowledge and implementation of recommendations in practice compared to people running traditional farms. One of major obstacles preventing the implementation of good agricultural practices by farms was the lack of information about the Code and promotion of its importance to the implementation of the concept of sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74062422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.32
A. Parzonko
The paper aims to achieve two objectives: 1) To determine the competitive potential of Polish dairy farms and assess the economic results they achieved compared to other European Union entities, 2) To determine and assess the economic effects of possible development directions (strategies) for average Polish dairy farms. The analyses show that the production and economic potential of dairy farms from the European Union countries, characterized by the largest increase in milk production in years 2005–2015, was very diverse. On average, in 2016, the total value of the fixed assets of a Danish agricultural holding was 16 times higher than the value of the fixed assets of a farm in Poland and the average net value added generated by a Polish farm in 2016 was over thirteen times lower compared to Danish farms. However, if we take into account the costs of engaging external factors of production (land, labour and capital), it turns out that Danish farms are losing their advantages. The simulations of three possible variants of development for an average Polish dairy farm showed that good economic results were generated by the variant in which the land was leased and farm holders got employment outside the farm. The variant, which assumed an increase in the number of dairy cows (from 15 to 30) and the resulting growth in milk production could potentially give a slightly higher total net income for the farm family in the first two years, but it was certainly more risky.
{"title":"STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AVERAGE POLISH DAIRY FARMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF A SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET","authors":"A. Parzonko","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.32","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to achieve two objectives: 1) To determine the competitive potential of Polish dairy farms and assess the economic results they achieved compared to other European Union entities, 2) To determine and assess the economic effects of possible development directions (strategies) for average Polish dairy farms. The analyses show that the production and economic potential of dairy farms from the European Union countries, characterized by the largest increase in milk production in years 2005–2015, was very diverse. On average, in 2016, the total value of the fixed assets of a Danish agricultural holding was 16 times higher than the value of the fixed assets of a farm in Poland and the average net value added generated by a Polish farm in 2016 was over thirteen times lower compared to Danish farms. However, if we take into account the costs of engaging external factors of production (land, labour and capital), it turns out that Danish farms are losing their advantages. The simulations of three possible variants of development for an average Polish dairy farm showed that good economic results were generated by the variant in which the land was leased and farm holders got employment outside the farm. The variant, which assumed an increase in the number of dairy cows (from 15 to 30) and the resulting growth in milk production could potentially give a slightly higher total net income for the farm family in the first two years, but it was certainly more risky.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73876875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}