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IMPACT OF CORONAVIRUS COVID-19 ON THE FOOD SYSTEM 冠状病毒COVID-19对粮食系统的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-03 DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2020.19.4.48
E. Skawińska, R. Zalewski
The article contributes to the theory of sustainability. It aims to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on global food security and its role in changing food supply chains, with a particular focus on international chains. The research is presented in several sections. The analytical portion discusses the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological crisis on the global food market. The state of food safety is then presented, taking into account the quantitative and qualitative aspects. Next, the aspect of the economic availability of food is examined, as well as the important role that international food chains play in shaping food safety. All sections include the results of an analysis of international secondary data on food security under the influence of an ongoing pandemic. The stated objective of the work was achieved and the questions that formulate the research problem were answered. Finally, the need for further normative studies was identified.
这篇文章对可持续性理论有贡献。该报告旨在分析2019冠状病毒病对全球粮食安全的影响及其在改变粮食供应链中的作用,并特别关注国际供应链。本研究分为几个部分。分析部分讨论了SARS-CoV-2流行病学危机对全球粮食市场的影响。然后介绍食品安全的状况,考虑到定量和定性方面。接下来,食品的经济可用性方面进行了检查,以及国际食品链在塑造食品安全中发挥的重要作用。所有章节都包括对当前大流行病影响下粮食安全的国际二手数据的分析结果。实现了既定的工作目标,并回答了制定研究问题的问题。最后,确定了进一步规范研究的必要性。
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引用次数: 5
The Use of Discriminatory Models to Verify the Likelihood of Continued Activities for Enterprises : Case Study on Select Enterprises from the Automotive Industry 利用歧视性模型验证企业持续活动的可能性:以汽车行业选定企业为例
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.45
W. Lichota
The main aim of this article is to assess the use of discriminatory models to verify the likelihood that an enterprise's activities will continue, using a sample of enterprises from the automotive industry as a case study. The suitability of 10 models will be verified by a three-point credit assessment method. As seen in the research results, discriminatory models can be used to verify an enterprise's likelihood of continuing its activity. Taking into account the received values for discriminatory functions and banking methods over four years, a convergence of indications was demonstrated. In the vast majority of cases, the increase or decrease in the value of the functions was reflected in a corresponding change in the value of banking methods. Based on the conducted research, it should be stated that the most characteristic variables influencing the values of the discriminant function in the automotive industry concerned debt and profitability. (original abstract)
本文的主要目的是评估歧视性模型的使用,以验证企业活动将继续的可能性,使用汽车行业的企业样本作为案例研究。10个模型的适用性将通过3分信用评估法进行验证。从研究结果中可以看出,歧视模型可以用来验证企业继续其活动的可能性。考虑到四年来收到的歧视性职能和银行方法的值,显示出各种迹象的趋同。在绝大多数情况下,职能价值的增加或减少反映在银行方法价值的相应变化上。根据所进行的研究,应该指出,影响汽车行业判别函数值的最特征变量是债务和盈利能力。(原文摘)
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引用次数: 0
Health Policy Problems In Indonesia's Border Regio 印度尼西亚边境地区的卫生政策问题
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.43
P. Kennedy
This paper aims to study health policy problems in Indonesia's border areas. It is especially focused on the case of health problems in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. The research method used is a quantitative description approach. It is necessary to increase the development of health infrastructure and its supporters in border areas. It is also necessary to socialise and improve health insurance services from the government, as well as improve human resources in the health sector. (original abstract)
本文旨在研究印尼边境地区的卫生政策问题。它特别侧重于努沙登加拉帖木尔省的卫生问题。使用的研究方法是定量描述方法。必须加强边境地区卫生基础设施及其支持者的发展。还必须将政府提供的医疗保险服务社会化并加以改进,并改善卫生部门的人力资源。(原文摘)
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引用次数: 0
Labour Market Flexibility in the Context of the Shadow Economy for the Construction Industry 建筑业影子经济背景下的劳动力市场灵活性
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.37
A. Buszko
The article analyses labour market flexibility in the context of the shadow economy. The main research problem is devoted to the flexibility of the construction labour market in relation to the level of labourers who work in a country's shadow economy. The following hypothesis was adopted: Flexibility of the labour market for the construction industry decreases with an increase in the level of the shadow economy. The MIMIC approach was used to calculate the level of the shadow economy in a group of selected countries, divided into three categories. The first category includes countries with a relatively low level of shadow economy (less than 15% of their GDP). The second group contains a level starting from 15 to 25% of their GDP, while the third group has a shadow economy that exceeds 25% of GDP. The Pearson correlation index was applied in order to measure the coefficient level between market flexibility and the size of the shadow economy. The flexibility of the labour market was calculated as the change of unemployment caused by the change of construction industry output. The research proved that the correlation between market flexibility and the shadow economy is significant. This is due to the fact that the Pearson index reached the level of 0.866, which means that whenever the shadow economy increases, the labour market flexibility of the construction industry decreases. (original abstract)
本文分析了影子经济背景下劳动力市场的灵活性。主要的研究问题是致力于建筑业劳动力市场的灵活性,这与在一个国家的影子经济中工作的劳动者的水平有关。采用了以下假设:建筑业劳动力市场的灵活性随着影子经济水平的提高而降低。MIMIC方法被用来计算一组选定国家的影子经济水平,这些国家被分为三类。第一类包括影子经济水平相对较低(低于GDP的15%)的国家。第二类国家的影子经济占GDP的比重从15%到25%不等,第三类国家的影子经济占GDP的比重超过25%。运用Pearson相关指数来衡量市场弹性与影子经济规模之间的系数水平。劳动力市场的灵活性是根据建筑业产出变化引起的失业变化来计算的。研究证明,市场灵活性与影子经济之间存在显著的相关性。这是因为皮尔逊指数达到了0.866的水平,这意味着每当影子经济增加时,建筑行业的劳动力市场灵活性就会下降。(原文摘)
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引用次数: 0
RELATIONSHIP MARKETING AND ITS ROLE IN THE EXPERIENCE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS 关系营销及其在英国高等教育机构国际学生体验中的作用
Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.4.46
Trevor Uyi Omoruyi, G. Rembielak
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the RM approach in the experience of international students in business schools within the UK Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The Relationship Marketing (RM) strategy has gained recognition over the years, especially within the last decade, which can be seen in the Higher Education (HE) sector. The HE sector has in recent times been highly competitive, especially in the global market. Despite this growth in competition, there has been little or no effort in the application of RM strategy by HE Institutions competing in the global marketplace for international students. The growing competition has been driven by the goal HEI’s have to internationalise and attract, recruit and retain the best international students. Higher Education Institutions have become aware of the contributions that international students bring to these institutions. Hence, efforts are geared towards retaining international students. This study considers the role of using RM with international students. The relevant data was collected from face-to-face semi-structured interviews and focus groups, which were conducted with university managers and international students across four universities in the UK. The study identifies several impacts of using RM on international students’ overall experience. It further highlights aspects of the RM approach that are more significant to international students’ experience. The study concluded that the RM approach positively affects international student experience if effectively developed and implemented.
本研究的目的是调查RM方法在英国高等教育机构(HEIs)商学院国际学生的经历中所起的作用。关系营销(RM)策略多年来得到了认可,特别是在过去十年中,这可以在高等教育(HE)部门看到。近年来,高等教育行业竞争激烈,尤其是在全球市场上。尽管竞争日益激烈,但高等教育机构在全球市场上竞争国际学生时,很少或根本没有努力应用RM战略。高等教育机构必须实现国际化,吸引、招收和留住最优秀的国际学生,这一目标推动了竞争日益激烈。高等教育机构已经意识到国际学生给这些机构带来的贡献。因此,努力的目标是留住国际学生。本研究考虑了在国际学生中使用RM的作用。相关数据是从面对面的半结构化访谈和焦点小组中收集的,这些访谈是对英国四所大学的大学管理人员和国际学生进行的。该研究确定了使用RM对国际学生整体体验的几个影响。它进一步强调了RM方法对国际学生体验更重要的方面。该研究的结论是,如果有效地开发和实施RM方法,将对国际学生的体验产生积极影响。
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引用次数: 1
SOCIAL CONVERGENCE IN THE EU-28 COUNTRIES IN THE LIGHT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPE 2020 STRATEGY. THE DEA APPROACH 基于欧洲2020战略实施的欧盟28国社会趋同。dea方法
Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.38
G. Wronowska, J. Rosiek
Increase in convergence of the European Union countries has been focal for the European Union leaders, from the very beginning. The aim of the study is to examine whether any social convergence occurred in the EU-28 from 2010 to 2016, in the context of the implementation of the recommendations and the social policy objectives formulated under the Europe 2020 strategy. This article is based on an overview of the literature on the subject and the statistics of Eurostat. The methods of assessing the effectiveness of objects is DEA and sigma convergence. It is a new approach to convergence measurement based on the assessment of the efficiency diversification of the European Union countries and it has clearly been the value added to the analyses conducted so far. The obtained results in the scope of the estimation of the effectiveness were then compared to the existing results produced with the use of the methods generally recognized and employed in the literature. Conclusions were presented in the final part of the study.
从一开始,加强欧盟国家的融合就一直是欧盟领导人关注的焦点。本研究的目的是研究在实施欧洲2020战略下制定的建议和社会政策目标的背景下,欧盟28国从2010年到2016年是否发生了任何社会趋同。本文是基于对该主题的文献和欧盟统计局的统计数据的概述。评估目标有效性的方法是DEA和sigma收敛。这是一种以评估欧洲联盟各国的效率多样化为基础的趋同衡量的新方法,它显然是迄今所进行的分析的增值。然后将在有效性估计范围内获得的结果与使用文献中普遍认可和采用的方法产生的现有结果进行比较。在研究的最后一部分给出了结论。
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引用次数: 0
INNOVATIVE AND SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IN PARADIGM OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY – A RESEARCH MODEL 循环经济范式下的创新和社会责任消费者行为——一个研究模型
Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.35
E. Skawińska
The following paper is innovative and based on the premise that consumers play a vital role in the development of the economy in Poland. Its structure, in addition to introduction and summary, consists of two parts: cognitive and practical. The research question is: Can consumer influence the implementation of the principles of circular economy in Poland towards their faster and more efficient application? The aim of the paper is to offer a theoretical model for research and stimulation of changes in consumer behaviour towards an innovative and socially responsible consumer action (CnSR). We used experimental, descriptive model and visual research methods. The paper is normative.
下面的论文是创新的,并且基于消费者在波兰经济发展中起着至关重要作用的前提。其结构除引言和总结外,由认知和实践两部分组成。研究的问题是:消费者能否影响波兰循环经济原则的实施,使其更快、更有效地应用?本文的目的是为研究和刺激消费者行为的变化提供一个理论模型,以实现创新和社会责任的消费者行为(CnSR)。我们采用实验、描述模型和视觉研究方法。这篇论文是规范性的。
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引用次数: 2
RETAIL NETWORKS AS A PLACE OF PURCHASE – THE EXAMPLE OF LARGE CITIES IN POLAND 零售网络作为购物场所——以波兰大城市为例
Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.37
Bogdan Sojkin, Magdalena Ankiel
The article presents the results of the study investigating the purchasing behaviour of the residents of six large Polish cities (Warsaw, Wrocław, Katowice, Poznań, Białystok, and Gdańsk). Specifically, the study concentrates on the consumer shopping preferences with regard to grocery retail chains, pointing to the general differences and similarities, as well as gender- and age-specific tendencies. The study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 among 1970 respondents. This article also presents data from various reports of the research institutions from Poland and Europe: PMR, Nielsen, Ronald Berger, Euromonitor International, GfK Polonia. Despite problems with their comparability, they multidimensionally reflect the discussed issues that relate to the functioning of Polish retail trade, and they indirectly point to the purchasing behaviour of residents of Polish cities.
本文介绍了对波兰六个大城市(华沙、Wrocław、卡托维兹、波兹纳齐、Białystok和Gdańsk)居民购买行为的调查结果。具体来说,研究集中在消费者的购物偏好与杂货零售连锁店,指出一般的差异和相似之处,以及性别和年龄特定的趋势。这项研究是在2016年至2017年期间对1970名受访者进行的。本文还提供了来自波兰和欧洲研究机构的各种报告的数据:PMR,尼尔森,罗纳德伯杰,欧睿国际,GfK Polonia。尽管它们的可比性存在问题,但它们从多方面反映了与波兰零售业运作有关的讨论问题,并间接指出了波兰城市居民的购买行为。
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引用次数: 1
KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC PRODUCTION SAFETY STANDARDS AND RULES OF GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE IN OPINIONS OF AGRICULTURAL OWNERS 了解基本的安全生产标准和良好农业规范规则,以及农场主的意见
Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.33
A. Płonka
The paper discusses the relation between issues related to environment protection and agricultural production carried out according to the adopted cultivation system. Surveys were conducted in 127 farms focused on plant production of which a fragment has been presented showing agricultural producers’ opinions about issues related to the Code of Good Agricultural Practice. One of underlying assumptions was an attempt to identify farmers’ attitudes to and their opinions about the practical application of principles adopted in the Code. The research shows that the application of the principles of good agricultural practice depended on the cultivation system adopted on the farm. Owners of farms managed in the integrated and organic production system fully declared knowledge of the Code itself and the content it contained, which translated into a higher level of their knowledge and implementation of recommendations in practice compared to people running traditional farms. One of major obstacles preventing the implementation of good agricultural practices by farms was the lack of information about the Code and promotion of its importance to the implementation of the concept of sustainable development.
本文论述了按现行耕作制度实施的环境保护问题与农业生产的关系。在127个以植物生产为重点的农场进行了调查,其中有一个片段显示了农业生产者对《良好农业规范》相关问题的意见。其中一个基本假设是试图确定农民对守则所采用原则的实际应用的态度和意见。研究表明,良好农业规范原则的应用取决于农场采用的耕作制度。在综合有机生产系统中管理的农场的所有者充分声明了对《守则》本身及其内容的了解,这与经营传统农场的人相比,转化为更高水平的知识和在实践中执行建议。阻碍农场实施良好农业做法的主要障碍之一是缺乏关于《守则》的资料和宣传其对执行可持续发展概念的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AVERAGE POLISH DAIRY FARMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF A SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET 在欧洲单一市场条件下波兰普通奶牛场的发展策略
Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.32
A. Parzonko
The paper aims to achieve two objectives: 1) To determine the competitive potential of Polish dairy farms and assess the economic results they achieved compared to other European Union entities, 2) To determine and assess the economic effects of possible development directions (strategies) for average Polish dairy farms. The analyses show that the production and economic potential of dairy farms from the European Union countries, characterized by the largest increase in milk production in years 2005–2015, was very diverse. On average, in 2016, the total value of the fixed assets of a Danish agricultural holding was 16 times higher than the value of the fixed assets of a farm in Poland and the average net value added generated by a Polish farm in 2016 was over thirteen times lower compared to Danish farms. However, if we take into account the costs of engaging external factors of production (land, labour and capital), it turns out that Danish farms are losing their advantages. The simulations of three possible variants of development for an average Polish dairy farm showed that good economic results were generated by the variant in which the land was leased and farm holders got employment outside the farm. The variant, which assumed an increase in the number of dairy cows (from 15 to 30) and the resulting growth in milk production could potentially give a slightly higher total net income for the farm family in the first two years, but it was certainly more risky.
本文旨在实现两个目标:1)确定波兰奶牛场的竞争潜力,并评估他们与其他欧盟实体相比取得的经济成果;2)确定和评估波兰普通奶牛场可能的发展方向(战略)的经济影响。分析表明,欧盟国家奶牛场的生产和经济潜力非常多样化,其特点是2005-2015年牛奶产量增幅最大。平均而言,2016年,丹麦农业控股的固定资产总价值比波兰农场的固定资产价值高16倍,波兰农场在2016年产生的平均净增加值比丹麦农场低13倍以上。然而,如果我们考虑到外部生产要素(土地、劳动力和资本)的成本,结果是丹麦农场正在失去它们的优势。对一个普通波兰奶牛场的三种可能的发展模式的模拟表明,土地出租和农场所有者在农场外就业的模式产生了良好的经济效益。这种变体假设奶牛数量增加(从15头增加到30头),由此产生的牛奶产量增长可能会在头两年给农场家庭带来略高的总净收入,但它肯定风险更大。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia
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