Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2022.21.2.5
P. Bórawski, A. Bełdycka-Bórawska, A. Parzonko, T. Rokicki, Lisa Holden
In this paper we aim to recognize competitiveness of Polish dairy products by surveying managerial personnel in dairy companies. The opinions of dairy plant managers on dairy product diversification constitutes a valid research problem. The study was conducted in 100 dairy companies in Poland in 2021. An online questionnaire was initially designed for surveying all dairy plants in Poland (163). However, the survey proved to be problematic, and the study was ultimately carried out with the personal involvement of the research team. The results were processed and presented with the use of tabular, graphic, and descriptive methods. To check if COVID-19 pandemic had impact on competitiveness we used the logit model. The respondents evaluated dairy products, variations in product prices, determinants of product success, product-related activities, and other factors. Dairy products received the highest scores for quality, demand, and brand on a scale of 1-5 points. Production, marketing, and reputation were regarded as the key determinants of market success.. We wanted to recognize which factors decrease the negative impact of COVID-19 in Polish dairy enterprises. We found that it was ease of shopping, use of transport companies and competition in the sector.
{"title":"COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH DAIRY PRODUCTS IN THE OPINION OF MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL","authors":"P. Bórawski, A. Bełdycka-Bórawska, A. Parzonko, T. Rokicki, Lisa Holden","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2022.21.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2022.21.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we aim to recognize competitiveness of Polish dairy products by surveying managerial personnel in dairy companies. The opinions of dairy plant managers on dairy product diversification constitutes a valid research problem. The study was conducted in 100 dairy companies in Poland in 2021. An online questionnaire was initially designed for surveying all dairy plants in Poland (163). However, the survey proved to be problematic, and the study was ultimately carried out with the personal involvement of the research team. The results were processed and presented with the use of tabular, graphic, and descriptive methods. To check if COVID-19 pandemic had impact on competitiveness we used the logit model. \u0000The respondents evaluated dairy products, variations in product prices, determinants of product success, product-related activities, and other factors. Dairy products received the highest scores for quality, demand, and brand on a scale of 1-5 points. Production, marketing, and reputation were regarded as the key determinants of market success.. We wanted to recognize which factors decrease the negative impact of COVID-19 in Polish dairy enterprises. We found that it was ease of shopping, use of transport companies and competition in the sector.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77453561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2022.21.2.7
B. Semak, S. Semiv
Poland and Ukraine and to substantiate on its basis the priority areas of further mutually beneficial cooperation built on the principles of complementarity and strategic partnership. The authors of the article applied a comprehensive approach to the analysis of bilateral trade relations between Poland and Ukraine, in particular, the Trade Complementarity Index (CI) and the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) were used in the analysis. The statistical data of the State Statistics Service (Ukraine), WTO, Ministerstwo rozwoju i tekhnologii (Poland) and Główny Urząd Statystyczny (Poland) were the sources for the calculations. The trends in the development of bilateral trade relations between Poland and Ukraine were analyzed on the basis of statistical information. The main prerequisites that form the basis of mutually beneficial Polish-Ukrainian economic cooperation have been identified. It is proposed to use a complex methodical approach in the process of analyzing the complementarity of bilateral relations, in particular through the use of the complementarity index and the index of revealed comparative advantages. The dynamics and product structure of export-import trade between Poland and Ukraine are analyzed. The main differences between the structure of Polish imports to Ukraine and Ukrainian exports to Poland have been revealed. A conclusion was made about the high level of optimality and balance of bilateral relations, the existence of mutual dependence both in terms of imports and exports. The conducted analysis proved the fact that trade between Poland and Ukraine is symmetrical and equal, which makes trade relations mutually attractive. Indicators of revealed comparative advantages within the framework of bilateral cooperationbetween Poland and Ukraine were calculated. Calculations showed that Ukraine has the highest comparative advantages in foreign trade in such goods as ferrous metals, ores, slag and ashes, fats and oils of vegetable or animal origin, furniture, wood and wood products, edible fruits and nuts. Instead, Poland achieves the highest level of comparative advantages in the supply to the Ukrainian market of ground transport means (except railways), plastics and polymer materials, nuclear reactors, boilers and machines, fertilizers, mineral fuels, products of oil distillation, printing products, rubber and rubber products, electric machines and equipment. The economic, organizational and institutional components of the perspectivemodel and priorities for the development of bilateral Polish-Ukrainian trade relations in the conditions of сurrent global challenges are substantiated. The most important strategic priorities for the development of foreign trade relations between Poland and Ukraine in the near future are proposed, namely: creation of a system for monitoring the complementarity of bilateral foreign trade relations between Poland and Ukraine; implementation and comprehensive support of interstate agreements on th
并在其基础上充实在互补性和战略伙伴关系原则基础上进一步开展互利合作的优先领域。本文采用综合分析的方法对波兰和乌克兰的双边贸易关系进行分析，特别是在分析中使用了贸易互补性指数(CI)和显性比较优势指数(RCA)。国家统计局(乌克兰)、世贸组织、波兰技术部长和Główny Urząd Statystyczny(波兰)的统计数据是计算的来源。在统计资料的基础上，分析了波兰与乌克兰双边贸易关系的发展趋势。已经确定了构成波兰-乌克兰互利经济合作基础的主要先决条件。建议在分析双边关系互补性的过程中采用复杂的方法，特别是通过使用互补性指数和显性比较优势指数。分析了波兰与乌克兰的进出口贸易动态和产品结构。波兰对乌克兰的进口和乌克兰对波兰的出口结构之间的主要差异已被揭示。结论是双边关系的高度优化和平衡，在进口和出口方面存在相互依赖。进行了分析证明了波兰和乌克兰之间的贸易是对称的,平等的,这使得贸易关系相互吸引力。显示比较优势指标在波兰和乌克兰两国合作的框架内。计算表明，乌克兰在下列货物的对外贸易方面具有最大的比较优势:黑色金属、矿石、矿渣和灰烬、植物或动物来源的油脂、家具、木材和木制品、可食用水果和坚果。相反，波兰在向乌克兰市场供应地面运输工具(铁路除外)、塑料和高分子材料、核反应堆、锅炉和机械、化肥、矿物燃料、石油蒸馏产品、印刷产品、橡胶和橡胶制品、电机和设备方面取得了最高水平的比较优势。在当前全球挑战的条件下，前景模型的经济、组织和体制组成部分以及发展波兰-乌克兰双边贸易关系的优先事项得到了证实。提出了在不久的将来发展波兰和乌克兰之间外贸关系的最重要的战略优先事项，即:建立一个监测波兰和乌克兰之间双边外贸关系互补性的制度;执行和全面支持关于发展互补性商品互利贸易的国家间协定，包括以物易物的方式;支持在中小企业和小规模生产领域发展互补性进出口，特别是在生产合作的基础上;不仅在工业一级，而且在波兰和乌克兰的个别地区，特别是在跨界合作的框架内，支持互补性的外贸关系;进一步完善向波兰和乌克兰出口商提供咨询支持的制度，协助他们进入国外市场和寻找外国合作伙伴。会议的结论是，互补性贸易关系的发展应转变为波兰和乌克兰生产合作的联合项目，目的是共同生产和向国内和全球市场提供有竞争力的产品和服务。
{"title":"COMPLEMENTARITY OF BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN POLAND AND UKRAINE","authors":"B. Semak, S. Semiv","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2022.21.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2022.21.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Poland and Ukraine and to substantiate on its basis the priority areas of further mutually beneficial cooperation built on the principles of complementarity and strategic partnership. The authors of the article applied a comprehensive approach to the analysis of bilateral trade relations between Poland and Ukraine, in particular, the Trade Complementarity Index (CI) and the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) were used in the analysis. The statistical data of the State Statistics Service (Ukraine), WTO, Ministerstwo rozwoju i tekhnologii (Poland) and Główny Urząd Statystyczny (Poland) were the sources for the calculations. The trends in the development of bilateral trade relations between Poland and Ukraine were analyzed on the basis of statistical information. The main prerequisites that form the basis of mutually beneficial Polish-Ukrainian economic cooperation have been identified. It is proposed to use a complex methodical approach in the process of analyzing the complementarity of bilateral relations, in particular through the use of the complementarity index and the index of revealed comparative advantages. The dynamics and product structure of export-import trade between Poland and Ukraine are analyzed. The main differences between the structure of Polish imports to Ukraine and Ukrainian exports to Poland have been revealed. A conclusion was made about the high level of optimality and balance of bilateral relations, the existence of mutual dependence both in terms of imports and exports. The conducted analysis proved the fact that trade between Poland and Ukraine is symmetrical and equal, which makes trade relations mutually attractive. Indicators of revealed comparative advantages within the framework of bilateral cooperationbetween Poland and Ukraine were calculated. Calculations showed that Ukraine has the highest comparative advantages in foreign trade in such goods as ferrous metals, ores, slag and ashes, fats and oils of vegetable or animal origin, furniture, wood and wood products, edible fruits and nuts. Instead, Poland achieves the highest level of comparative advantages in the supply to the Ukrainian market of ground transport means (except railways), plastics and polymer materials, nuclear reactors, boilers and machines, fertilizers, mineral fuels, products of oil distillation, printing products, rubber and rubber products, electric machines and equipment. The economic, organizational and institutional components of the perspectivemodel and priorities for the development of bilateral Polish-Ukrainian trade relations in the conditions of сurrent global challenges are substantiated. The most important strategic priorities for the development of foreign trade relations between Poland and Ukraine in the near future are proposed, namely: creation of a system for monitoring the complementarity of bilateral foreign trade relations between Poland and Ukraine; implementation and comprehensive support of interstate agreements on th","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"21 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76376334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.1
J. Vargas-Hérnandez, Omar C. Vargas-González
Aim: This study analyses the implications of organizational management, leadership and innovation variables in the enhancement of organizational citizenship behaviors. Methods: It departs from the assumption that management, motivation, commitment, leadership styles, innovation and other relevant factors affect organizational citizenship behaviors. Results: The method employed links the analysis, description and reflection based on the theoretical and empirical literature review. The analysis results on management and leadership styles express appreciation to their employees and promote organizational citizenship behaviors to create an atmosphere of motivation to organizational innovation. Conclusions: It is concluded that organizational management variables enhance the self-efficacy of organizational members and the effectiveness of the organization involved in organizational citizenship behaviors. The work is original.
{"title":"THE IMPLICATIONS OF MANAGERIAL AND LEADERSHIP STYLES, AND ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR","authors":"J. Vargas-Hérnandez, Omar C. Vargas-González","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study analyses the implications of organizational management, leadership and innovation variables in the enhancement of organizational citizenship behaviors. Methods: It departs from the assumption that management, motivation, commitment, leadership styles, innovation and other relevant factors affect organizational citizenship behaviors. Results: The method employed links the analysis, description and reflection based on the theoretical and empirical literature review. The analysis results on management and leadership styles express appreciation to their employees and promote organizational citizenship behaviors to create an atmosphere of motivation to organizational innovation. Conclusions: It is concluded that organizational management variables enhance the self-efficacy of organizational members and the effectiveness of the organization involved in organizational citizenship behaviors. The work is original.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86889543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.4
Fidan Bural Yayla, Mustafa Yıldırım
have an advantageous position, are subject to various obstacles. Methods: In the research, phenomenological research design – one of the qualitative research methods – was used. The research’s study group consisted of 20 female faculty members, including three research assistants, six teaching assistants, six assistant professors, two associate professors and three professors working in various cities in Turkey. The branches of the participants and the institutions they work vary. The study group was determined by using the snowball sampling method. In this study, a semi-structured interview type was used. As a data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form was prepared by the researcher. Results: After, expert opinions were taken, and final corrections were made and used as a data collection tool. As a result of the research, the obstacles that female academics face in their work lives, the reasons for these obstacles and the coping strategies that female academics have developed to cope with these obstacles have been revealed. Conclusions: The results of the research indicate that even academics, who have a status in society and require a high level of education, are exposed to various career barriers. Therefore, it is possible to say that gender discrimination affects all women regardless of their status and education level, albeit at different levels and forms.
{"title":"BEING A WOMAN IN ACADEMIA: RESEARCH IN THE CONTEXT OF CAREER EXPERIENCES","authors":"Fidan Bural Yayla, Mustafa Yıldırım","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"have an advantageous position, are subject to various obstacles. Methods: In the research, phenomenological research design – one of the qualitative research methods – was used. The research’s study group consisted of 20 female faculty members, including three research assistants, six teaching assistants, six assistant professors, two associate professors and three professors working in various cities in Turkey. The branches of the participants and the institutions they work vary. The study group was determined by using the snowball sampling method. In this study, a semi-structured interview type was used. As a data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form was prepared by the researcher. Results: After, expert opinions were taken, and final corrections were made and used as a data collection tool. As a result of the research, the obstacles that female academics face in their work lives, the reasons for these obstacles and the coping strategies that female academics have developed to cope with these obstacles have been revealed. Conclusions: The results of the research indicate that even academics, who have a status in society and require a high level of education, are exposed to various career barriers. Therefore, it is possible to say that gender discrimination affects all women regardless of their status and education level, albeit at different levels and forms.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89429174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.3
O. Vovchanska, L. Ivanova, I. Ozimek
Aim: The article is devoted to analyzing marketing factors of the tourism market operations in Ukraine under martial law. Methods: The study used the method of secondary data analysis. Results: The authors determined that the tourism market always reacts very sensitively to crisis events (pandemics, devastating natural disasters, political or military crises, etc.) and highlighted the changed format of the tourist market in Ukraine in the conditions of the protracted Russian-Ukrainian war. The authors identified the main factors of the current market of tourist services in Ukraine under martial law conditions. The functioning of the tourism market during the war is strategically important for the state and citizens. Conclusions: The authors summarized the experience of the tourism sector of countries that have been through a similar crisis and became leaders in the regional markets of tourist services to implement it in Ukraine effectively and determined the main factors of the functioning of the market of tourist services in the segments of domestic and inbound tourism after the victorious peace and innovative directions of recovery and further development.
{"title":"MARKETING FACTORS OF THE TOURISM MARKET’S OPERATIONS IN UKRAINE","authors":"O. Vovchanska, L. Ivanova, I. Ozimek","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The article is devoted to analyzing marketing factors of the tourism market operations in Ukraine under martial law. Methods: The study used the method of secondary data analysis. Results: The authors determined that the tourism market always reacts very sensitively to crisis events (pandemics, devastating natural disasters, political or military crises, etc.) and highlighted the changed format of the tourist market in Ukraine in the conditions of the protracted Russian-Ukrainian war. The authors identified the main factors of the current market of tourist services in Ukraine under martial law conditions. The functioning of the tourism market during the war is strategically important for the state and citizens. Conclusions: The authors summarized the experience of the tourism sector of countries that have been through a similar crisis and became leaders in the regional markets of tourist services to implement it in Ukraine effectively and determined the main factors of the functioning of the market of tourist services in the segments of domestic and inbound tourism after the victorious peace and innovative directions of recovery and further development.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87605539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.2
M. Barna, T. Vasyltsiv, J. Rakowska
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the conditions, tools and mechanisms necessary for the statepolicy of Ukraine to provide Ukrainians with social housing during and after the war. Methods: The studyused a set of scientific methods, including generalization, theoretical and methodological grouping, analysisand synthesis. Results: Based on the analysis of the solutions in Ukraine and selected European countries sofar, the conceptual apparatus was generalized, and the features of social housing were defined. Conclusions:A list of entities entitled to social housing, sources and mechanisms of its financing and support programswere defined. Based on the obtained results, recommendations were presented for the policy of supportingsocial housing in Ukraine.
{"title":"CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL HOUSING IN UKRAINE","authors":"M. Barna, T. Vasyltsiv, J. Rakowska","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2022.21.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the conditions, tools and mechanisms necessary for the statepolicy of Ukraine to provide Ukrainians with social housing during and after the war. Methods: The studyused a set of scientific methods, including generalization, theoretical and methodological grouping, analysisand synthesis. Results: Based on the analysis of the solutions in Ukraine and selected European countries sofar, the conceptual apparatus was generalized, and the features of social housing were defined. Conclusions:A list of entities entitled to social housing, sources and mechanisms of its financing and support programswere defined. Based on the obtained results, recommendations were presented for the policy of supportingsocial housing in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88908853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.32
A. Zawojska, Tomasz Siudek
Most of the research on migration has focused on the scale and effects of people exodus from rural to urban areas rather than on rural areas as recipients of migrants, especially foreign migrants. This study aims to analyse employment of foreigners in agriculture and food processing sectors of selected developed countries, with particular emphasis on the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. It first reviews existing literature on ideas and theories about human migration through the history of economic and social thought. This theoretical background lies in the economic, social, health, demographic and integrated theories and concepts of migration that help understand the pull and push causes as well consequences of current international migration processes. Next, this article presents some facts about the employment of foreigners in agriculture and food processing in developed countries traditionally affected by severe labour shortages in these sectors, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employers and workers. The results reveal that labour shortages and labour exploitation are amongst the most frequent and relatively consistent issues associated with immigrant workers in the agri-food industry. During COVID-19, these problems were exacerbated and complemented with the workers’ health risk due to coronavirus clusters on farms and at food-processing plants.
{"title":"A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO FOREIGN LABOUR MIGRATION AND EMPLOYMENT: THE CASE OF AGRI-FOOD MIGRANT WORKERS IN DEVELOPED ECONOMIES","authors":"A. Zawojska, Tomasz Siudek","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.32","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the research on migration has focused on the scale and effects of people exodus from rural to urban areas rather than on rural areas as recipients of migrants, especially foreign migrants. This study aims to analyse employment of foreigners in agriculture and food processing sectors of selected developed countries, with particular emphasis on the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. It first reviews existing literature on ideas and theories about human migration through the history of economic and social thought. This theoretical background lies in the economic, social, health, demographic and integrated theories and concepts of migration that help understand the pull and push causes as well consequences of current international migration processes. Next, this article presents some facts about the employment of foreigners in agriculture and food processing in developed countries traditionally affected by severe labour shortages in these sectors, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employers and workers. The results reveal that labour shortages and labour exploitation are amongst the most frequent and relatively consistent issues associated with immigrant workers in the agri-food industry. During COVID-19, these problems were exacerbated and complemented with the workers’ health risk due to coronavirus clusters on farms and at food-processing plants.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76456266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.29
Martyna Łączkowska, Michał Borychowski
Photovoltaics is increasingly used to convert solar energy into electricity in households, including in Poland. The development of this type of renewable energy results, on the one hand, from legal regulations related to climate and energy policies, and on the other hand, from the numerous benefits connected with the use of photovoltaics. These include both economic and environmental advantages. The aim of the work was to assess the profitability of installing photovoltaics in a Polish household in 2019–2021. Therefore, the costs of the investment are presented, as well as the benefits, mainly in economic terms. Different calculations and estimates concerning return on the invested capital are also shown. During the 31 months covered by the study, the cumulative positive balance of electricity that was generated above the energy consumed in the household exceeded 2,900 kWh, which resulted in an economic surplus of over PLN 1,600 (about EUR 360). What is more, the investment contributed to the protection of the natural environment which is the added value of the photovoltaics.
{"title":"PROFITABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS IN POLAND: CASE STUDY OF A HOUSEHOLD","authors":"Martyna Łączkowska, Michał Borychowski","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.29","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaics is increasingly used to convert solar energy into electricity in households, including in Poland. The development of this type of renewable energy results, on the one hand, from legal regulations related to climate and energy policies, and on the other hand, from the numerous benefits connected with the use of photovoltaics. These include both economic and environmental advantages. The aim of the work was to assess the profitability of installing photovoltaics in a Polish household in 2019–2021. Therefore, the costs of the investment are presented, as well as the benefits, mainly in economic terms. Different calculations and estimates concerning return on the invested capital are also shown. During the 31 months covered by the study, the cumulative positive balance of electricity that was generated above the energy consumed in the household exceeded 2,900 kWh, which resulted in an economic surplus of over PLN 1,600 (about EUR 360). What is more, the investment contributed to the protection of the natural environment which is the added value of the photovoltaics.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91200380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.27
I. Batyk, J. Rakowska
Local Border Traffic (LBT) established on the Polish and Russian border in 2012 created new market opportunities for Russian consumers from the Kaliningrad District, which led to a question of how the changing political, economic and social conditions impacted consumer behavior of Russians in the border market of LBT. The study aimed to answer this question based on a survey of 1,022 respondents from Kaliningrad District, carried out in 2012–2016. Findings show that Russian consumers benefitted from cross-border shopping and trade and contributed to local development on both sides of the border until administrative and economic barriers appeared. The unfavorable border crossing regulations, ban on the import of agri-food goods from Poland to the Russian Federation, and increasingly unfavorable ruble exchange rates changed the behavior of Russian consumers significantly, decreasing their purchase and consumption of goods and services bought in the LBT zone in Poland.
{"title":"CONSUMER BEHAVIOR OF INHABITANTS OF KALININGRAD DISTRICT IN THE POLISH-RUSSIAN LOCAL BORDER TRAFFIC ZONE","authors":"I. Batyk, J. Rakowska","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.27","url":null,"abstract":"Local Border Traffic (LBT) established on the Polish and Russian border in 2012 created new market opportunities for Russian consumers from the Kaliningrad District, which led to a question of how the changing political, economic and social conditions impacted consumer behavior of Russians in the border market of LBT. The study aimed to answer this question based on a survey of 1,022 respondents from Kaliningrad District, carried out in 2012–2016. Findings show that Russian consumers benefitted from cross-border shopping and trade and contributed to local development on both sides of the border until administrative and economic barriers appeared. The unfavorable border crossing regulations, ban on the import of agri-food goods from Poland to the Russian Federation, and increasingly unfavorable ruble exchange rates changed the behavior of Russian consumers significantly, decreasing their purchase and consumption of goods and services bought in the LBT zone in Poland.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90881765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.30
George B. Mertoiu, Gabriela Mesnita
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all nations in various ways, both economically and especially socially. The new normality, as social behavior dictated by the restrictions imposed, sustained online interaction, a factor that allowed an increase in cyberattacks. This paper intends to analyze the cyberattacks conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, starting from a series of international events such as the crisis in Venezuela or Ukraine. A part of this study is a quantitative analysis of the results obtained from consulting the Scopus database. In this part, in addition to the most important authors and key words used, we aimed to find if the countries that are the main targets of cyberattacks are also involved in researching cybersecurity during pandemic. Cyberattacks are analyzed in terms of motivation and targets, aiming to identify possible solutions based on the modus operandi of attackers and what will be the next steps in the research.
{"title":"GLOBAL CRISES AND CYBERSECURITY ATACKS – AN ANALYSIS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"George B. Mertoiu, Gabriela Mesnita","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2021.20.4.30","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all nations in various ways, both economically and especially socially. The new normality, as social behavior dictated by the restrictions imposed, sustained online interaction, a factor that allowed an increase in cyberattacks. This paper intends to analyze the cyberattacks conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, starting from a series of international events such as the crisis in Venezuela or Ukraine. A part of this study is a quantitative analysis of the results obtained from consulting the Scopus database. In this part, in addition to the most important authors and key words used, we aimed to find if the countries that are the main targets of cyberattacks are also involved in researching cybersecurity during pandemic. Cyberattacks are analyzed in terms of motivation and targets, aiming to identify possible solutions based on the modus operandi of attackers and what will be the next steps in the research.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77595882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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