Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v5i1.2757
R. Silfiah, Humiati Humiati
Gender mainstreaming is a government effort in upholding women's rights, because women's rights are an inseparable part of human rights. Protection of human rights is a state guarantee which is given to its citizens as a manifestation of the objectives of the Pancasila legal state as stated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In Indonesia, gender mainstreaming has been established through Presidential Instruction Number 9 of 2000 concerning the Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming (PUG) under construction. This study will focus on gender mainstreaming on the development in Indonesia and the development of justice and gender equality in Islamic studies. Protection of human rights is the main goal in the application of Islamic law, including the protection of women's rights that has always been a major topic in Islamic studies and gender. By using qualitative descriptive method, it will be easy to find Islamic ideas, social activities at the time of the Prophet about women's rights. If examined comprehensively, in pre-Islamic history, namely the period of ignorance, it was a period that greatly demeaned women. At that time, if a baby girl was born, she would be buried alive right away, or if she was allowed to live, she would suffer humiliation. The purpose of this study is to find a conclusion that emphasizes women's rights which have been neglected so far, even though the use of religious arguments often prevents women from obtaining their rights. So with this affirmation, it is hoped that it will be able to control violence against women which has often occurred. Through gender mainstreaming, development is to achieve gender equality and justice (KKG) through integrating the experiences, needs, aspirations of women and men into various policies and programs starting from the planning, budgeting, implementation, and monitoring stages.
{"title":"The Relevance of Gender Mainstreaming in Indonesia to Women's Rights in Islamic Law","authors":"R. Silfiah, Humiati Humiati","doi":"10.25041/lajil.v5i1.2757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v5i1.2757","url":null,"abstract":"Gender mainstreaming is a government effort in upholding women's rights, because women's rights are an inseparable part of human rights. Protection of human rights is a state guarantee which is given to its citizens as a manifestation of the objectives of the Pancasila legal state as stated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In Indonesia, gender mainstreaming has been established through Presidential Instruction Number 9 of 2000 concerning the Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming (PUG) under construction. This study will focus on gender mainstreaming on the development in Indonesia and the development of justice and gender equality in Islamic studies. Protection of human rights is the main goal in the application of Islamic law, including the protection of women's rights that has always been a major topic in Islamic studies and gender. By using qualitative descriptive method, it will be easy to find Islamic ideas, social activities at the time of the Prophet about women's rights. If examined comprehensively, in pre-Islamic history, namely the period of ignorance, it was a period that greatly demeaned women. At that time, if a baby girl was born, she would be buried alive right away, or if she was allowed to live, she would suffer humiliation. The purpose of this study is to find a conclusion that emphasizes women's rights which have been neglected so far, even though the use of religious arguments often prevents women from obtaining their rights. So with this affirmation, it is hoped that it will be able to control violence against women which has often occurred. Through gender mainstreaming, development is to achieve gender equality and justice (KKG) through integrating the experiences, needs, aspirations of women and men into various policies and programs starting from the planning, budgeting, implementation, and monitoring stages.","PeriodicalId":34314,"journal":{"name":"Lampung Journal of International Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43787024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2666
G. S. Nurhartanto
The development of International relations have rapidly since the signing of Westphalia Treaty in 1648. The relationship are not only between States but also by public international organizations (Inter Governmental Organizations). After the Second World War, the establishment of the United Nations and its Specialized Agencies and Other Organs has encouraged the intensive of international cooperation and the making of treaties as a source of international law. The United Nations and its Special Agencies and Other Organs is often called as an international organization of a universal character. Both States members and non-States members establish cooperation with this universal international organization. The existence of State representation in a universal international organization with a universal character is very important for strengthening the cooperation between States and international organizations.
{"title":"THE FUNCTIONS AND IMPORTANCE OF REPRESENTATION OF STATES IN THEIR RELATIONS WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF A UNIVERSAL CHARACTER","authors":"G. S. Nurhartanto","doi":"10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2666","url":null,"abstract":"The development of International relations have rapidly since the signing of Westphalia Treaty in 1648. The relationship are not only between States but also by public international organizations (Inter Governmental Organizations). After the Second World War, the establishment of the United Nations and its Specialized Agencies and Other Organs has encouraged the intensive of international cooperation and the making of treaties as a source of international law. The United Nations and its Special Agencies and Other Organs is often called as an international organization of a universal character. Both States members and non-States members establish cooperation with this universal international organization. The existence of State representation in a universal international organization with a universal character is very important for strengthening the cooperation between States and international organizations.","PeriodicalId":34314,"journal":{"name":"Lampung Journal of International Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49601400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2556
Khotimah Estiyovionita, Afandi Sitamala
The development of information and communication technology makes it easier for humans to access everything without being limited by time, space, and distance so that they are connected in one space. Given cyberspace's borderless and anonymous characteristics, it encourages the emergence of criminal activities, namely cybercrime. Therefore, as a measure to prevent future damage, it requires not only regulatory laws and regulations but also international cooperation between countries is needed. These cooperation efforts can be implemented through the forum of regional organizations, namely ASEAN. Until now, many efforts have been made to encourage the improvement of cybersecurity through its various programs. Therefore, it is hoped that this increase in cooperation will further strengthen cybersecurity in the region to maintain security stability.
{"title":"ASEAN's ROLE IN CYBERSECURITY MAINTENANCE AND SECURITY STRATEGY THROUGH AN INTERNATIONAL SECURITY APPROACH","authors":"Khotimah Estiyovionita, Afandi Sitamala","doi":"10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2556","url":null,"abstract":"The development of information and communication technology makes it easier for humans to access everything without being limited by time, space, and distance so that they are connected in one space. Given cyberspace's borderless and anonymous characteristics, it encourages the emergence of criminal activities, namely cybercrime. Therefore, as a measure to prevent future damage, it requires not only regulatory laws and regulations but also international cooperation between countries is needed. These cooperation efforts can be implemented through the forum of regional organizations, namely ASEAN. Until now, many efforts have been made to encourage the improvement of cybersecurity through its various programs. Therefore, it is hoped that this increase in cooperation will further strengthen cybersecurity in the region to maintain security stability.","PeriodicalId":34314,"journal":{"name":"Lampung Journal of International Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46824072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2670
Faradiba Putri Rahmadani, A. Triono
Illegal fishing is a serious problem and is detrimental to Indonesia. In overcoming these problem, the Indonesian government has taken several policies including the sinking of ships that do illegal fishing. But this policy raises pros and cons. This article discusses government policies against illegal fishing and ship sinking as an effort to eradicate illegal fishing in Indonesian waters. This article is a normative legal research with a statutory approach. The data was obtained from searching relevant national and international legal materials and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the government policies related to illegal fishing were carried out in several ways, namely: Formation of Task Force 115, Indonesian Marine Policy, Transshipment Policy and Ship Sinking Policy. The implementation of this policy is very dependent on the legal choice of the minister who is in office. The Ship Sinking Policy is considered as a concrete and decisive action that is far more important and effective than other actions. In addition, the policy of sinking ships is carried out based on sufficient preliminary evidence to avoid conflicts with other countries.
{"title":"SHIP SINKING POLICY: A LEGAL CHOICE TO ERADICATE ILLEGAL FISHING IN INDONESIA","authors":"Faradiba Putri Rahmadani, A. Triono","doi":"10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2670","url":null,"abstract":"Illegal fishing is a serious problem and is detrimental to Indonesia. In overcoming these problem, the Indonesian government has taken several policies including the sinking of ships that do illegal fishing. But this policy raises pros and cons. This article discusses government policies against illegal fishing and ship sinking as an effort to eradicate illegal fishing in Indonesian waters. This article is a normative legal research with a statutory approach. The data was obtained from searching relevant national and international legal materials and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the government policies related to illegal fishing were carried out in several ways, namely: Formation of Task Force 115, Indonesian Marine Policy, Transshipment Policy and Ship Sinking Policy. The implementation of this policy is very dependent on the legal choice of the minister who is in office. The Ship Sinking Policy is considered as a concrete and decisive action that is far more important and effective than other actions. In addition, the policy of sinking ships is carried out based on sufficient preliminary evidence to avoid conflicts with other countries.","PeriodicalId":34314,"journal":{"name":"Lampung Journal of International Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44356137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2595
Nadhif Fadhlan Musyaffa, A. Paksi, Lalu Radi Myarta
This study discusses the paradigm used by the United Nations in governing relations among countries on sea-related issues through the analysis of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Laws/regulations on sea-related issues have undergone changes, since their inception in 1958 in line with the development of the issue of sea between countries and the factors that cause the proliferation of sea-related disputes, as well as political and economic dynamics in the international sphere. Reforms in the regulatory mechanism on sea-related issues between countries by the United Nations were marked by the formation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982 which has several stipulations. This writing aims to analyze and measure the paradigm used by the United Nations in regulating mechanisms on sea-related issues between countries through the analysis of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The author uses the content analysis method in analyzing the law. The analysis was carried out on three indicators; actors, authorities, and governance representing the three paradigms; realism (competition), liberalism (collaboration), and constructivism (historical and social construction). Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that; the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea concerning the regulation mechanism on sea-related issues between countries is strongly influenced by the realism paradigm.
{"title":"MEASURING THE DOMINANT PARADIGMA IN UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA","authors":"Nadhif Fadhlan Musyaffa, A. Paksi, Lalu Radi Myarta","doi":"10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2595","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses the paradigm used by the United Nations in governing relations among countries on sea-related issues through the analysis of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Laws/regulations on sea-related issues have undergone changes, since their inception in 1958 in line with the development of the issue of sea between countries and the factors that cause the proliferation of sea-related disputes, as well as political and economic dynamics in the international sphere. Reforms in the regulatory mechanism on sea-related issues between countries by the United Nations were marked by the formation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982 which has several stipulations. This writing aims to analyze and measure the paradigm used by the United Nations in regulating mechanisms on sea-related issues between countries through the analysis of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The author uses the content analysis method in analyzing the law. The analysis was carried out on three indicators; actors, authorities, and governance representing the three paradigms; realism (competition), liberalism (collaboration), and constructivism (historical and social construction). Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that; the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea concerning the regulation mechanism on sea-related issues between countries is strongly influenced by the realism paradigm.","PeriodicalId":34314,"journal":{"name":"Lampung Journal of International Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49419354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2578
Afifah Ayumia, P. Andini, Raden Muhamad Mahardika
The aggression carried out by Israel against the Palestinian people and the declaration of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel with the relocation of the US Embassy received the attention of the OIC. As an organization committed to protecting Muslims' human rights, the OIC has the responsibility to take care of the human rights violations that occurred in Palestine. The objectives of this paper are to find out the OIC's role in maintaining Muslim peace in the world, how the OIC's response to Israeli aggression against the Palestinian people, and the relocation of the US Embassy to Jerusalem. The research method used in writing this journal is normative legal research, with historical approach to find out the beginning of the conflict between Palestine and Israel and an analytical approach to finding out the efforts made by the OIC for Israel's aggression against the Palestinian people and the United States Embassy relocation to Jerusalem under the provisions of international law.
{"title":"ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION RESPONSES ON THE ISRAEL AGGRESION AND THE UNITED STATES EMBASSY RELOCATION TO JERUSALEM","authors":"Afifah Ayumia, P. Andini, Raden Muhamad Mahardika","doi":"10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2578","url":null,"abstract":"The aggression carried out by Israel against the Palestinian people and the declaration of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel with the relocation of the US Embassy received the attention of the OIC. As an organization committed to protecting Muslims' human rights, the OIC has the responsibility to take care of the human rights violations that occurred in Palestine. The objectives of this paper are to find out the OIC's role in maintaining Muslim peace in the world, how the OIC's response to Israeli aggression against the Palestinian people, and the relocation of the US Embassy to Jerusalem. The research method used in writing this journal is normative legal research, with historical approach to find out the beginning of the conflict between Palestine and Israel and an analytical approach to finding out the efforts made by the OIC for Israel's aggression against the Palestinian people and the United States Embassy relocation to Jerusalem under the provisions of international law.","PeriodicalId":34314,"journal":{"name":"Lampung Journal of International Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48458788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-22DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v4i1.2524
Melvin Elvino Putra
The internet has become an essential part of modern life, increasing the efficiency of everything. It should be no surprise that internet abuse can lead to crimes that harm everyone. As a result, there is a need for legal safeguards known as Cyber Law, which intersects with Human Rights. The case of internet blocking in Papua, in which the government blocked or slowed internet connections in Papua, is the subject of this article because it raises many issues in the fields of Human Rights and Cyber Law, which, on the human rights side, is regulated in the 1945 Constitution, which states that everyone has the right to benefit from technology. In this case, the government cannot meet the aspect of Human Rights. However, in Cyber Law, this is intended as a limitation to reduce a crime on social media or the internet that causes chaos. As a result, this paper will elaborate on the Papua case from the standpoint of Cyber Law. The Administrative Court's decision used a normative legal approach and an objective case approach to investigate this phenomenon experimentally. The study then employs a qualitative method with literature and empirical approach, obtaining data through legal analysis and social phenomena that occur in society. Although further investigations are needed, the present study contributes to a better understanding of the case that occurred in Papua related to the government's blocking or disconnection of the internet. It was not a violation of the law because the government at the time made good decisions for the entire community's benefit, ensuring that everyone was safe from cybercrime or false news, which has the potential to sever Indonesia's unity.
{"title":"REVIEW OF THE INTERNET BLOCKING CASE IN PAPUA IN CYBER LAW PERSPECTIVE","authors":"Melvin Elvino Putra","doi":"10.25041/lajil.v4i1.2524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v4i1.2524","url":null,"abstract":"The internet has become an essential part of modern life, increasing the efficiency of everything. It should be no surprise that internet abuse can lead to crimes that harm everyone. As a result, there is a need for legal safeguards known as Cyber Law, which intersects with Human Rights. The case of internet blocking in Papua, in which the government blocked or slowed internet connections in Papua, is the subject of this article because it raises many issues in the fields of Human Rights and Cyber Law, which, on the human rights side, is regulated in the 1945 Constitution, which states that everyone has the right to benefit from technology. In this case, the government cannot meet the aspect of Human Rights. However, in Cyber Law, this is intended as a limitation to reduce a crime on social media or the internet that causes chaos. As a result, this paper will elaborate on the Papua case from the standpoint of Cyber Law. The Administrative Court's decision used a normative legal approach and an objective case approach to investigate this phenomenon experimentally. The study then employs a qualitative method with literature and empirical approach, obtaining data through legal analysis and social phenomena that occur in society. Although further investigations are needed, the present study contributes to a better understanding of the case that occurred in Papua related to the government's blocking or disconnection of the internet. It was not a violation of the law because the government at the time made good decisions for the entire community's benefit, ensuring that everyone was safe from cybercrime or false news, which has the potential to sever Indonesia's unity.","PeriodicalId":34314,"journal":{"name":"Lampung Journal of International Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49252236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2525
N. Bagherani, Abdolkarim Shaheydar, B. Smoller, Hossein Ale Kajbaf
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is a non-profit organization that offers health and medical services to people based on their requirements irrespective of race, gender, beliefs, religion, and political origins. Physicians, as the MSF's most important members, assist people in their greatest need. They provide services ranging from consultations, vaccinations, and primary care to the most complex surgeries. Given that the doctors in the organization are very active members of the MSF and understand the risk of their presence in dangerous regions with prevalent epidemic and contagious diseases or under distress, insecurity, and war in underdeveloped or third world countries, research into the legal status of this self-giving and venture group of the international society is critical. The legal status of humanitarian aid workers such as the physicians in doctors without borders in international law has not been studied and recognized. This is due to the absence of a complete definition of “humanitarian aid workers” in international humanitarian law. Furthermore, the issue of the status of humanitarian NGOs in international law is novel. Therefore, studying the legal status of the humanitarian aid workers is an essential case because they are exposed to many potential risks in facing armed conflicts. This research planned a web-based survey as part of our study to find articles, books, reports, or studies in relationship with national and international humanitarian organizations and workers, NGOs, and the legal status of these organizations and their workers. We did normative legal research using secondary data from the internet, references, etc. While the operation of the MSF is mainly aimed at supporting the survival and recovery of people within a war or disease outbreak-afflicted country, its efforts put the lives of its personnel at risk. Herein, we will investigate how the MSF can adequately support its primary staff, the physicians. We can get the response to this question by studying the legal status of the doctors without borders in international law.
{"title":"LEGAL STATE OF DOCTORS WITHOUT BORDERS (MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES) IN THE INTERNATIONAL LAW","authors":"N. Bagherani, Abdolkarim Shaheydar, B. Smoller, Hossein Ale Kajbaf","doi":"10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2525","url":null,"abstract":"Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is a non-profit organization that offers health and medical services to people based on their requirements irrespective of race, gender, beliefs, religion, and political origins. Physicians, as the MSF's most important members, assist people in their greatest need. They provide services ranging from consultations, vaccinations, and primary care to the most complex surgeries. Given that the doctors in the organization are very active members of the MSF and understand the risk of their presence in dangerous regions with prevalent epidemic and contagious diseases or under distress, insecurity, and war in underdeveloped or third world countries, research into the legal status of this self-giving and venture group of the international society is critical. The legal status of humanitarian aid workers such as the physicians in doctors without borders in international law has not been studied and recognized. This is due to the absence of a complete definition of “humanitarian aid workers” in international humanitarian law. Furthermore, the issue of the status of humanitarian NGOs in international law is novel. Therefore, studying the legal status of the humanitarian aid workers is an essential case because they are exposed to many potential risks in facing armed conflicts. This research planned a web-based survey as part of our study to find articles, books, reports, or studies in relationship with national and international humanitarian organizations and workers, NGOs, and the legal status of these organizations and their workers. We did normative legal research using secondary data from the internet, references, etc. While the operation of the MSF is mainly aimed at supporting the survival and recovery of people within a war or disease outbreak-afflicted country, its efforts put the lives of its personnel at risk. Herein, we will investigate how the MSF can adequately support its primary staff, the physicians. We can get the response to this question by studying the legal status of the doctors without borders in international law.","PeriodicalId":34314,"journal":{"name":"Lampung Journal of International Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42560561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2526
Y. Yuliana
Online school during the COVID-19 pandemic makes the children prone to cyberattacks and malware. Therefore, cybersecurity awareness among children is critical. Online games and stories caused children to neglect their studying time. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the importance of cybersecurity awareness among children. Analyses were performed by using a literature review. Inclusion criteria are review and research articles. Inclusion criteria are review and research articles that were read twice to reduce the bias, then were summarized and narrated descriptively. Results revealed that cybersecurity awareness could be increased by digital literacy training. Children should be taught how to avoid risky behavior online. The cybersecurity awareness program is suitable for children to avoid phishing, pornography, cyberbullying, identity theft, and breaking of privacy. Children must be taught how to keep their passwords safe and private. They also need to be more cautious when playing online games. In conclusion, digital literacy and cybersecurity programs can be taught to children. These programs are suitable for raising cybersecurity among children.
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS FOR CHILDREN","authors":"Y. Yuliana","doi":"10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2526","url":null,"abstract":"Online school during the COVID-19 pandemic makes the children prone to cyberattacks and malware. Therefore, cybersecurity awareness among children is critical. Online games and stories caused children to neglect their studying time. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the importance of cybersecurity awareness among children. Analyses were performed by using a literature review. Inclusion criteria are review and research articles. Inclusion criteria are review and research articles that were read twice to reduce the bias, then were summarized and narrated descriptively. Results revealed that cybersecurity awareness could be increased by digital literacy training. Children should be taught how to avoid risky behavior online. The cybersecurity awareness program is suitable for children to avoid phishing, pornography, cyberbullying, identity theft, and breaking of privacy. Children must be taught how to keep their passwords safe and private. They also need to be more cautious when playing online games. In conclusion, digital literacy and cybersecurity programs can be taught to children. These programs are suitable for raising cybersecurity among children.","PeriodicalId":34314,"journal":{"name":"Lampung Journal of International Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45953494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2517
M. B. Ulum
Sovereignty remains a crucial debate in international law. Simultaneously, regionalism offers a new pathway for which sovereignty is often contested whether it surrenders due to economic interests. This paper revisits the notion of state sovereignty in the light of economic globalization and enquires about legal personality in international relations. Overall, this paper emphasizes revisiting the concept of sovereignty and legal personality in this 21st century, which has evolved amidst the more globalized world due to international economic relations. The present study was based on historical and analytical methods as doctrinal research. The historical approach was adopted to study international treaties and agreements to know the historical background and evolution of international economic law institutions. Then, it exemplified the European Union's evolution that transcends the state boundaries, following the debate on the relevance of the state sovereignty after the Brexit case under the discussion of the waning of the state sovereignty. Finally, this discussion ended with the international legal personality owned by regional bodies, taking the EU and ASEAN as the comparison. At the outset, the EU was projected as the new governance structure that gradually disrupted the state concept under the Westphalian Peace 1648 due to its member states' desire to form the state-level structure. The European Union redefines the new model of sovereignty against the Westphalian model, which is incomparable to the ASEAN intergovernmental model and other regional bodies regarding sovereignty concerns and legal personality.
{"title":"SOVEREIGNTY AND LEGAL PERSONALITY: A LESSON FROM EUROPEAN UNION'S EVOLUTION TO SUPRANATIONALISM","authors":"M. B. Ulum","doi":"10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2517","url":null,"abstract":"Sovereignty remains a crucial debate in international law. Simultaneously, regionalism offers a new pathway for which sovereignty is often contested whether it surrenders due to economic interests. This paper revisits the notion of state sovereignty in the light of economic globalization and enquires about legal personality in international relations. Overall, this paper emphasizes revisiting the concept of sovereignty and legal personality in this 21st century, which has evolved amidst the more globalized world due to international economic relations. The present study was based on historical and analytical methods as doctrinal research. The historical approach was adopted to study international treaties and agreements to know the historical background and evolution of international economic law institutions. Then, it exemplified the European Union's evolution that transcends the state boundaries, following the debate on the relevance of the state sovereignty after the Brexit case under the discussion of the waning of the state sovereignty. Finally, this discussion ended with the international legal personality owned by regional bodies, taking the EU and ASEAN as the comparison. At the outset, the EU was projected as the new governance structure that gradually disrupted the state concept under the Westphalian Peace 1648 due to its member states' desire to form the state-level structure. The European Union redefines the new model of sovereignty against the Westphalian model, which is incomparable to the ASEAN intergovernmental model and other regional bodies regarding sovereignty concerns and legal personality.","PeriodicalId":34314,"journal":{"name":"Lampung Journal of International Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49619401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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