Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.12845/sft.51.3.2019.9
Dorota Szułczyńska
{"title":"Determinants of the Perception of Asbestos","authors":"Dorota Szułczyńska","doi":"10.12845/sft.51.3.2019.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.51.3.2019.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34374,"journal":{"name":"Safety Fire Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66331963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.12845/sft.53.1.2019.10
K. Pachnik
Objective: The aim of the article is to present and characterise the professionals who – thanks to their specialised knowledge – are part of the safety system. Introduction: Fire prevention and identifying the causes of fires are key issues in the internal safety system. The authorities are not capable of executing their powers without support from professionals who have the necessary qualifications. In the Polish legal system, there are a number of professionals who have specialised knowledge (expertise), which is the reason for engaging them in the process of making judgments and decisions by judicial and administrative authorities. Such tasks are mostly associated with the profession of a (court) expert witness. With regard to firefighting, there are also fire-safety expert witnesses. There are no complex legal regulations concerning such experts. The level of competence needed for obtaining the status of an expert witness or other firefighting expert is regulated in several different legal acts. Only a comprehensive study of such acts could help explain the role of professionals with specialised knowledge within the safety system. Methodology: This study is based on a theoretical analysis of the legal system and a comparison of the solutions adopted in specific acts with their interpretations in court decisions and relevant literature. Conclusions: It has been found that, when exercising public powers concerning fire prevention, there is a legal requirement to use the assistance provided by other professionals with specialised knowledge and firefighting expert status. In addition, during administrative or court proceedings and investigations there is a legal obligation to only use (court) expert witness assistance. Those professionals need to meet specific criteria to be able to perform their functions. The primary requirement is that they have the necessary qualifications (knowledge and experience) to issue expert opinions. The support of expert witnesses is also desirable in the winding-up proceedings of insurance companies concerning the payment of compensation for damages resulting from fire. However, even the most renowned expert witnesses cannot make final decisions for the authority that seeks their assistance, and their opinions are never binding.
{"title":"Firefighting Expert Witnesses and Their Role in the Safety System","authors":"K. Pachnik","doi":"10.12845/sft.53.1.2019.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.53.1.2019.10","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of the article is to present and characterise the professionals who – thanks to their specialised knowledge – are part of the safety system. Introduction: Fire prevention and identifying the causes of fires are key issues in the internal safety system. The authorities are not capable of executing their powers without support from professionals who have the necessary qualifications. In the Polish legal system, there are a number of professionals who have specialised knowledge (expertise), which is the reason for engaging them in the process of making judgments and decisions by judicial and administrative authorities. Such tasks are mostly associated with the profession of a (court) expert witness. With regard to firefighting, there are also fire-safety expert witnesses. There are no complex legal regulations concerning such experts. The level of competence needed for obtaining the status of an expert witness or other firefighting expert is regulated in several different legal acts. Only a comprehensive study of such acts could help explain the role of professionals with specialised knowledge within the safety system. Methodology: This study is based on a theoretical analysis of the legal system and a comparison of the solutions adopted in specific acts with their interpretations in court decisions and relevant literature. Conclusions: It has been found that, when exercising public powers concerning fire prevention, there is a legal requirement to use the assistance provided by other professionals with specialised knowledge and firefighting expert status. In addition, during administrative or court proceedings and investigations there is a legal obligation to only use (court) expert witness assistance. Those professionals need to meet specific criteria to be able to perform their functions. The primary requirement is that they have the necessary qualifications (knowledge and experience) to issue expert opinions. The support of expert witnesses is also desirable in the winding-up proceedings of insurance companies concerning the payment of compensation for damages resulting from fire. However, even the most renowned expert witnesses cannot make final decisions for the authority that seeks their assistance, and their opinions are never binding.","PeriodicalId":34374,"journal":{"name":"Safety Fire Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66332076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.12
T. Zwęgliński, M. Smolarkiewicz
{"title":"Exercising in a Radioactive Environment – a Case Study from CBRNE Exercise in Chernobyl Exclusion Zone","authors":"T. Zwęgliński, M. Smolarkiewicz","doi":"10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34374,"journal":{"name":"Safety Fire Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66332190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.10
B. Kosowski
Aim: To present relationships resulting from legal regulations impacting the effectiveness of critical infrastructure protection, which is a part of the national security system. An auxiliary objective was a historical analysis illustrating the process of creating critical infrastructure in a modern form in the world and in Poland. Project and methods: Article is based on the principles of functionalism theory and using literature analysis, expert interviews, participating observation in the organised Critical Infrastructure Forums, inference and deduction. This made it possible to identify the directions for improving the functioning of critical infrastructure protection in terms of institutional cooperation and the impact of infrastructure on the national security system. Results: Removal of critical infrastructure protection vulnerabilities as a contribution to the elimination of a weak link in the national security system in the context of assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the national security system. Conclusions: There is a need to create clear legislation and to integrate security entities in terms of institutional cooperation in the protection of critical infrastructure. This is related to the fact that in an organisation, which is a particular form of team activities, we often encounter chaos intensified by solutions which are the more inaccurate, the less the formation mechanism of disturbing factors is known. Then we experience only the consequences of their impact, responding according to the circumstances.
{"title":"Critical Infrastructure in the National Security System","authors":"B. Kosowski","doi":"10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.10","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To present relationships resulting from legal regulations impacting the effectiveness of critical infrastructure protection, which is a part of the national security system. An auxiliary objective was a historical analysis illustrating the process of creating critical infrastructure in a modern form in the world and in Poland. Project and methods: Article is based on the principles of functionalism theory and using literature analysis, expert interviews, participating observation in the organised Critical Infrastructure Forums, inference and deduction. This made it possible to identify the directions for improving the functioning of critical infrastructure protection in terms of institutional cooperation and the impact of infrastructure on the national security system. Results: Removal of critical infrastructure protection vulnerabilities as a contribution to the elimination of a weak link in the national security system in the context of assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the national security system. Conclusions: There is a need to create clear legislation and to integrate security entities in terms of institutional cooperation in the protection of critical infrastructure. This is related to the fact that in an organisation, which is a particular form of team activities, we often encounter chaos intensified by solutions which are the more inaccurate, the less the formation mechanism of disturbing factors is known. Then we experience only the consequences of their impact, responding according to the circumstances.","PeriodicalId":34374,"journal":{"name":"Safety Fire Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66332280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.12845/sft.51.3.2019.4
Ilona Tomczyk-Wydrych
{"title":"Transformations of Metal Nanoparticles in the Aquatic Environment and Threat to Environmental Safety","authors":"Ilona Tomczyk-Wydrych","doi":"10.12845/sft.51.3.2019.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.51.3.2019.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34374,"journal":{"name":"Safety Fire Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66331162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.12845/sft.53.1.2019.2
M. Maślak, P. Wożniczka
{"title":"Numerically Simulated Structural Response of a Bearing Steel Frame with Joints of Varying Stiffness to Fully Developed Fire Conditions","authors":"M. Maślak, P. Wożniczka","doi":"10.12845/sft.53.1.2019.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.53.1.2019.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34374,"journal":{"name":"Safety Fire Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66331910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.13
Robert Piec, Aneta Łukaszek-Chmielewskaa, K. Isajenko, I. Słonecka
{"title":"Short-Term Measurements of Radon Concentrations in Selected Residential Buildings","authors":"Robert Piec, Aneta Łukaszek-Chmielewskaa, K. Isajenko, I. Słonecka","doi":"10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34374,"journal":{"name":"Safety Fire Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66332259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.11
A. Trzos, K. Jurowski
Aim: The purpose of the study is to work out a new emergency medical service (EMS) tactic to be employed in CBRNE/HAZMAT incidents, which would allow performing emergency medical procedures in the area so far inaccessible to the State Emergency Medical System (Polish abbreviation: PRM). Project and methods: Incidents involving new hazardous materials, especially terrorist ones, demand emergency services to be well prepared in order to respond accordingly. Latest technological advances regarding both personal protective equipment (PPE) for preventing contamination and respiratory protection equipment bring effective and safe methods of medical professionals’ protection at every stage of rescue operations being performed. The research study was conducted in 2016–2018 and its main focus was on providing medical care at all stages of rescue operations. The CBRNE/HAZMAT incident procedures of the State Emergency Medical System (PRM), the National Firefighting and Rescue System (KSRG), the Bureau of Anti-Terrorist Operations of the National Police Headquarters (BOA KGP) and the Epidemiological Response Centre of the Polish Armed Forces (CRESZ) were thoroughly analysed. An analysis of procedural shortcomings within rescue operations of all services was also conducted. In addition, the PPE for preventing contamination and the respiratory protection equipment that is used by various emergency services and may also be applied within PRM operations was thoroughly examined. Results: Based on the study, a new EMS tactic was developed using the available PPE, a management system of rescue operations and a model of organisation of any operations. The in-depth analysis of PPE for preventing contamination and respiratory protection equipment indicated new solutions and methods for protecting professionals of the State Emergency Medical System (PRM) while providing pre-hospital and hospital care (in Hospital Emergency Departments). A set of training drills employing new tactics and PPE indicated real possibilities to transfer new solutions to EMS that would compensate the shortcomings identified within the procedures of responses at the subsequent stages of CBRNE/HAZMAT incidents. Conclusions: The suggested tactic of emergency medical services shall enhance the effectiveness of the emergency rescue system in CBRNE/HAZMAT incidents as it enables emergency medical procedures (Polish abbreviation: MCR) to be more promptly performed in patients with life-threatening conditions, along with providing medical care at all stages of rescue operations.
{"title":"Emergency Medical Services in CBRNE/HAZMAT Incidents","authors":"A. Trzos, K. Jurowski","doi":"10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The purpose of the study is to work out a new emergency medical service (EMS) tactic to be employed in CBRNE/HAZMAT incidents, which would allow performing emergency medical procedures in the area so far inaccessible to the State Emergency Medical System (Polish abbreviation: PRM). Project and methods: Incidents involving new hazardous materials, especially terrorist ones, demand emergency services to be well prepared in order to respond accordingly. Latest technological advances regarding both personal protective equipment (PPE) for preventing contamination and respiratory protection equipment bring effective and safe methods of medical professionals’ protection at every stage of rescue operations being performed. The research study was conducted in 2016–2018 and its main focus was on providing medical care at all stages of rescue operations. The CBRNE/HAZMAT incident procedures of the State Emergency Medical System (PRM), the National Firefighting and Rescue System (KSRG), the Bureau of Anti-Terrorist Operations of the National Police Headquarters (BOA KGP) and the Epidemiological Response Centre of the Polish Armed Forces (CRESZ) were thoroughly analysed. An analysis of procedural shortcomings within rescue operations of all services was also conducted. In addition, the PPE for preventing contamination and the respiratory protection equipment that is used by various emergency services and may also be applied within PRM operations was thoroughly examined. Results: Based on the study, a new EMS tactic was developed using the available PPE, a management system of rescue operations and a model of organisation of any operations. The in-depth analysis of PPE for preventing contamination and respiratory protection equipment indicated new solutions and methods for protecting professionals of the State Emergency Medical System (PRM) while providing pre-hospital and hospital care (in Hospital Emergency Departments). A set of training drills employing new tactics and PPE indicated real possibilities to transfer new solutions to EMS that would compensate the shortcomings identified within the procedures of responses at the subsequent stages of CBRNE/HAZMAT incidents. Conclusions: The suggested tactic of emergency medical services shall enhance the effectiveness of the emergency rescue system in CBRNE/HAZMAT incidents as it enables emergency medical procedures (Polish abbreviation: MCR) to be more promptly performed in patients with life-threatening conditions, along with providing medical care at all stages of rescue operations.","PeriodicalId":34374,"journal":{"name":"Safety Fire Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66332352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.6
Mariusz Nepelski
{"title":"A Simulator Supporting the Training of Police Officers who Process Traffic Incident Scenes","authors":"Mariusz Nepelski","doi":"10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.54.2.2019.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34374,"journal":{"name":"Safety Fire Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66332629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.12845/sft.53.1.2019.7
K. Podawca, Marek Przywózki
Purpose: The article aims to present the differences between different construction and material solutions for glazed partition walls in terms of fire safety, as described by the displacements created by flames. Introduction: Despite the increasingly stringent requirements concerning fire protection and the use of best available techniques, the number of building fires is constantly increasing. Statistics published by the National Headquarters of the State Fire Service show that public buildings account for a significant proportion of these events. In this type of facilities, appropriate design of partition walls is crucial for maintaining the standards of fire safety. Because of an increasing scale of glazed partitions’ application in the office buildings’ interior arrangement, it is important to note that the fire resistance of the glazings is affected not only by the type or thickness of the fire-resistant glazing but also by the way it is installed, the type of carrying profiles and the sealing materials used. Methodology: The initial stage included design of an original solution for a frameless glass partition. The partition was subjected to fire tests carried out in accordance with PN-EN 1363-1 and 1364-1 standards. The obtained results of the designed partition were subjected to a comparative analysis with other vertical, framed glazed elements of similar dimensions. The comparative analysis relied on the results provided by the fire tests reports for the glazed partition walls in the framed construction made of wood, aluminium and steel. Conclusions: The comparative analysis showed that the structure made of steel sections was characterized by the highest susceptibility to displacement caused by fire, in the range of 200 mm. The occurring deformations significantly differed from the results obtained for the other partitions, out of which the lowest deformation values were obtained for the frameless structure (max. 3 mm) and wooden profiles (max. 11 mm). However, it is worth mentioning that in the case of the wooden structure the deformations were directed towards the outside, and in the other cases, towards the inside of the furnace. The comparative analysis revealed that solutions without a frame, based only on vertical connection of large glazing, provide better results in terms of ensuring fire tightness. This fact may be of considerable importance for the staff evacuation process and fire extinguishing in high-rise office buildings.
{"title":"The Impact of Structural and Material Solutions for Glazing Connections on Deformation During Fire","authors":"K. Podawca, Marek Przywózki","doi":"10.12845/sft.53.1.2019.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.53.1.2019.7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The article aims to present the differences between different construction and material solutions for glazed partition walls in terms of fire safety, as described by the displacements created by flames. Introduction: Despite the increasingly stringent requirements concerning fire protection and the use of best available techniques, the number of building fires is constantly increasing. Statistics published by the National Headquarters of the State Fire Service show that public buildings account for a significant proportion of these events. In this type of facilities, appropriate design of partition walls is crucial for maintaining the standards of fire safety. Because of an increasing scale of glazed partitions’ application in the office buildings’ interior arrangement, it is important to note that the fire resistance of the glazings is affected not only by the type or thickness of the fire-resistant glazing but also by the way it is installed, the type of carrying profiles and the sealing materials used. Methodology: The initial stage included design of an original solution for a frameless glass partition. The partition was subjected to fire tests carried out in accordance with PN-EN 1363-1 and 1364-1 standards. The obtained results of the designed partition were subjected to a comparative analysis with other vertical, framed glazed elements of similar dimensions. The comparative analysis relied on the results provided by the fire tests reports for the glazed partition walls in the framed construction made of wood, aluminium and steel. Conclusions: The comparative analysis showed that the structure made of steel sections was characterized by the highest susceptibility to displacement caused by fire, in the range of 200 mm. The occurring deformations significantly differed from the results obtained for the other partitions, out of which the lowest deformation values were obtained for the frameless structure (max. 3 mm) and wooden profiles (max. 11 mm). However, it is worth mentioning that in the case of the wooden structure the deformations were directed towards the outside, and in the other cases, towards the inside of the furnace. The comparative analysis revealed that solutions without a frame, based only on vertical connection of large glazing, provide better results in terms of ensuring fire tightness. This fact may be of considerable importance for the staff evacuation process and fire extinguishing in high-rise office buildings.","PeriodicalId":34374,"journal":{"name":"Safety Fire Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66331766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：