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Mahan Baekje Culture in Gochang
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.34265/mbmh.2022.39.2
은선 강
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引用次数: 0
The introduction and spread of Japanese bell patterns in the modern period of Korea and the succession of traditional The The Historical and Cultural Sphere of Mahan in Jeollabuk-do and Future Tasks 韩国近代日本钟纹的传入、传播与传统的传承——全北马汉的历史文化领域及今后的任务
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.34265/mbmh.2022.39.152
Moon-Hyoung Lee
Lately, the inclusion of certain provincial regions in the ‘Mahan Historical and Cultural Sphere’ of the 「Historical and Cultural Zone Reorganization Act」 has been a great concern of local people. Fortunately, the revised bill of the act has passed the National Assembly and is about to go into effect in coming June. In recent years, an intensive study has been conducted on the pit tombs from which potteries with ring rims and Korean style bronze daggers have been excavated mostly around the Mangyeong River Basin in Jeollabuk-do, which has thus emerged as the largest center of tomb remains of the early Iron Age or the founding period of Mahan. Based on a series of achievements like this, the basin-shaped space from Mireuksan in Iksan to Moaksan in Jeonju occasionally comes to be set as the ‘Mangyeong River Basin Cultural Zone’. Besides, the remains of mounded burials (墳丘墓) which are represented by the remains of Sangun-ri, Wanju have been identified throughout the Jeonbuk region. The present paper investigates the importance of the Jeonbuk region in the Mahan period by organizing the remains of tombs related to Mahan in the Jeollabuk-do region and examining the establishment of cultural spheres according to the water system and their characteristics. In Chapter II, the contents of the ‘Mahan Historical and Cultural Sphere’, including the process of initiation and enactment of the 「Historical and Cultural Zone Reorganization Act」, were reviewed and the problems of the bill were examined. In Chapter Ⅲ, the cultural sphere of Mahan in Jeollabuk-do and its characteristics wereclassified into the cultural spheres according to the water system based on the remains of the tombs investigated so far. As a result, the cultural sphere of Mahan in Jeollabuk-do was subdivided largely into the Mangyeong River Basin - Dongjin River Basin - Gochang Stream Basin. In Chapter Ⅳ, As for the characteristics of the related river basins, it was found that there are a large number of tomb remains from a relatively early period coincident with the formation or establishment time of Mahan in the Mangyeong River Basin. In case of the Dongjin River Basin, the amounts of archaeological data are relatively small, but notable was the Unhak-ri tomb cluster in Jeongeup, where a belt of the Chinese Qin Dynasty was discovered. Lastly, in the Gochang Stream Basin, Mahan’s mounded burials since the 3rd century are densely distributed and it was confirmed that, among them, the ancient tombs cluster of Bongdeok-ri, Gochang are at its zenith. In the end, it turned out that all the tombs from the formation period of Mahan to the multiple and high mounded ancient tombs of the Mahan tradition could be confirmed through the tombs remains of the Mahan period in each water system of the Jeonbuk region. Consequently, it could be summed up that the proportion of Jeonbuk region on the historical stage of Mahan is heavily large. It seems therefore necessary to study Mahan culture in Jeonbuk
最近,部分地方地区被列入“历史文化区整顿法”的“马汉历史文化圈”,引起了当地民众的极大关注。幸运的是,该法案的修改案已经在国会获得通过,并将于今年6月开始实施。近年来,全北万营河流域一带被认为是世界上最大的铁器时代早期或马汉建立时期的墓葬遗址中心,对发掘出环形陶器和韩式铜匕首的坑冢进行了深入的研究。基于这样的一系列成就,从益山的美列山到全州的木山的盆形空间偶尔被设置为“Mangyeong河流域文化区”。此外,在全北地区还发现了以完州上云里遗址为代表的土葬遗址()。本文通过整理全北马汉地区的墓葬遗存,并根据水系和水系的特点,考察文化圈的建立,来考察马汉时期全北地区的重要性。第二章回顾了“马汉历史文化区”的内容,包括“历史文化区整顿法”的提出和制定过程,并对该法案存在的问题进行了分析。在Ⅲ章节中,以迄今为止调查的墓葬遗骸为基础,根据水系统,将全罗北道马汉的文化圈及其特征划分为文化圈。因此,全北马汉地区的文化圈被划分为万景江流域-东津江流域-高昌溪流域。在Ⅳ章节中,关于相关流域的特征,发现在Mangyeong江流域有大量与马汉形成或建立时间相吻合的较早时期的墓葬遗存。虽然东津江流域的考古资料相对较少,但在京邑的云学里墓群中发现了中国秦朝的带,值得关注。最后,在高敞溪流域,3世纪以来的马汉墓葬密集分布,其中高敞峰德里古墓群达到了顶峰。结果表明,通过全北各水系的马汉时期墓葬遗址,可以确认从马汉形成时期到马汉传统的多丘古墓葬。由此可以得出,全北地区在马汉历史舞台上所占的比重非常大。因此,为了在全北更广阔的范围内宣传马汉文化的优越性,有必要从更广阔的角度研究全北马汉文化。此外,还要求调动积极的行政力量,引进与其他地区的有机合作制度。为此,还应培养相关专家。
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引用次数: 0
Buddhism Art and Gender Discrimination : Featuring the Chinese illustration of the Life of Buddha 佛教艺术与性别歧视 :介绍中国的《佛陀传》插图
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.34265/mbmh.2022.39.122
Hadam Jung
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引用次数: 0
The period of manufacture through the four-sided carved Buddha statues in Gulbul Temple Site in Gyeongju 通过在庆州鼓佛寺遗址的四面雕刻佛像制造的时期
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.34265/mbmh.2022.39.250
Yeon-jin Ahn
Seokjosa-myeon Buddha statue of Gulbulsa Temple Site is a representative one-year work of Unified Silla sculpture, as there is a literature record that it was already built from 742 to 764 during the reign of King Gyeongdeok by the 4th 사Sabulsan Gulbulsan Mountain Manbulsan조에. Nevertheless, several questions have been raised as to whether each statue of the Buddha in Seokjosa-myeon was produced at the same time and whether it was created during the reign of King Gyeongdeok. Accordingly, this paper compared and reviewed the method and style of the construction of each statue of the Four Sided Stone Buddha with those created in China, Japan, and the Unified Silla Period to present the relationship between the ancestors and the time of construction. The earliest period of the construction of the stone Buddha at Gulbulsa Temple Site was in the early 8th century, and the latest one was in the late 8th century to the early 9th century. In other words, it was considered that the standing Buddha and Bodhisattva in the south and the standing Buddha in the north did not exceed the lower limit of 764 years after the upper limit of 719. Standing Amitabha Buddha in Seomyeon and Seated Bhaisajyaguru Buddha in Dongmyeon are in the middle of the 8th century. Standing Bhaisabha Bodhisattva in Seomyeon is in the middle of the 8th centuryIt was suggested that it was built in the early 9th century. In particular, the left arm of the standing statue of Amitabha Buddha and the side of the pedestal are neatly cut, and artificial traces of being pecked on the rock wall on the right side of the standing statue of Amitabha continue to the damaged part of the southern side. In this regard, based on the records that King Gyeongdeok built a temple at the site of the Four Stone Buddhas after his visit to the Three Kingdoms, it is highly likely that the statue was newly built at the time of the temple's construction. The latest statues of the Bodhisattva are 11 sides, 6 sides, 11 sides, 6 sides, and 6 sides, including the Gilt-bronze 11 sides, 6 sides, 6 sides, and the National Museum of India, 11th and 10th centuries. In addition, it was set from the late 8th century to the early 9th century in that the construction period of the 11-sided Gwaneum Bodhisattva in the Unified Silla Period was in the 8th to 9th centuries. The existence name of each statue placed on the slope was "Kofuku Jiryugi" and "Kofukuji Acting" described in the 3rd year of Changtae (900), and under the control of the Southern Buddha, it was established as "Shin Line-hyungil" and "Amitabha-myeon" in the north of Silla.
据文献记载,在庆德王时期(742年~ 764年),第4代金佛山金佛山万宝山(音)造的石祖面佛像是统一新罗造像的代表性一年作品。但是,对于石祖面佛像是否同时制作、是否在景德王时期制作等问题,一直存在争议。因此,本文将各四方石佛造像的制作方法和风格与中国、日本、统一新罗时期造像的制作方法和风格进行了比较和回顾,以说明先人与造像时间的关系。Gulbulsa寺遗址石佛最早建造于8世纪初,最晚建造于8世纪晚期至9世纪初。也就是说,认为南方的活佛菩萨和北方的活佛在719年的上限之后,没有超过764年的下限。西面的立弥陀佛和东面的坐佛是8世纪中期的佛像。西面立菩萨是在8世纪中期建造的,有人认为是在9世纪初建造的。特别是阿弥陀佛立像的左臂和底座侧面切割整齐,在阿弥陀佛立像右侧的岩壁上人工凿刻的痕迹一直延续到南侧的受损部分。因此,从景德王访三国后在四大石佛遗址上修建寺庙的记载来看,很有可能是在建造寺庙时新建的佛像。最新的菩萨像有11面、6面、11面、6面、6面,包括11、6面、6面鎏金青铜,以及印度国家博物馆11、10世纪的菩萨像。另外,统一新罗时期11面观音菩萨的建造时期是8 ~ 9世纪,因此将时间设定为8世纪末~ 9世纪初。山坡上的每尊造像的存在名称都是昌泰三年(900年)记载的“喜福知行”和“喜福行行”,在南佛的控制下,在新罗北部建立了“辛连贤吉”和“阿弥陀佛面”。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Gilt Bronze Belt Ornaments from the Mireuksa Temple Site 米琉寺遗址出土的鎏金青铜腰饰研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.34265/mbmh.2022.39.136
완규 최
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Dome-shaped Mural painting of the Buddhist Caves in Kucha 库车佛教石窟穹顶壁画研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.34265/mbmh.2022.39.100
Yeo-chang Yoon
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引用次数: 0
The Buddhist Temple and Buddhist Painting of Bogwangsa Temple in Paju in 1898 1898年坡州博光寺的佛寺和佛画
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.34265/mbmh.2022.39.302
A-Reum Kim
Bogwangsa temple (普光寺) located at the foot of Goryeongsan mountain, Paju city, Gyeonggi province is well-known as the temple dedicated to Soryeongwon(昭寧園), the tomb of Sukbin Ms Choi (淑嬪崔氏, 1670-1718), mother of King Yeongjo(英祖, r. 1724-1776) in late Joseon Dynasty. At the same time, the temple had long been closely related with the royal family of Joseon Dynasty, serving as the temple for royal family members. The year 1898 was one of the important occasions when constructions and repairs of the structures of the temple had been made throughout the history. In 1896, Inpa Yeonghyeon(仁坡 英玄) advised Court Lady Cheon to reconstruct Chwijeon(鷲殿), a building in the temple, leading the court to decide to do that. In 1897, construction began, and, in spring 1898, Empress Eom and Court Lady Hong donated funds to paint the new building of Chwijeon. In addition, distinguished painters in Seoul city and Gyeonggi province were asked to draw Buddhist paintings, and they produced six pieces of Buddhist painting: Samjangbosaldo, Hyeonwangdo, Chilseongdo, Dokseongdo, and Gamrodo in addition to Shakyamuni Preaching at the Vulture Peak. The director of painting works was Inpa Yeonghyeon as in the case of the construction works of Daeungjeon Hall. The Buddhist monk-painters who drew the Buddhist paintings were over 20 painter monks in the Seoul and Gyeonggi region from the late 19th century to the early 20th century including Gyeongseon Eungseok (慶船應釋), Yewun Sanggyu (禮芸尙奎) and Geumhwa Gihyeong (錦華機炯). They had began to know each other before participating in producing Buddhist paintings in Bogwangsa, and, continued to cooperate in producing Buddhist paintings ever since. The Buddhist Services and Buddhist paintings of Paju Bogwangsa in 1898 are important sources to allow us to recognize the power of Bogwangsa temple and how the court supported the works. The Buddhist paintings are precious sources from which we can figure out the characteristics of Buddhist paintings in the Seoul and Gyeonggi region from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, and painting styles of those artists. In addition, those paintings are precious sources from which we can comprehensively examine the times when they were drawn, the places they were devoted, the backgrounds of drawing them, artists who created them, other people who were involved in drawing those paintings with various services, and exchanges among painter monks, etc.
Bogwangsa庙(普光寺)位于Goryeongsan山的脚下,坡州,京畿道是著名的寺庙,致力于Soryeongwon(昭寧園),Sukbin崔女士的坟墓(淑嬪崔氏,1670 - 1718),国王的母亲Yeongjo(英祖,r。1724 - 1776年)在朝鲜王朝后期。与此同时,该寺长期以来与朝鲜王室关系密切,是王室成员的寺庙。1898年是历史上对寺庙结构进行建设和维修的重要时期之一。1896年,仁帕永显()建议千夫人重建寺庙中的建筑赤殿(),导致朝廷决定这样做。1897年开始动工,1898年春,严皇后和洪太后捐赠了彩绘赤殿的资金。此外,还邀请了首尔和京畿道的著名画家,绘制了《三章菩萨图》、《玄王图》、《七城图》、《独城图》、《鹫峰讲经》等6幅佛教画。与大殿建设工程一样,绘画工程负责人也是仁帕永贤。画佛画的和尚画家是19世纪末至20世纪初在首尔和京畿地区的庆善应锡(音译)、叶云尚圭(音译:尙)、金华志亨(音译:炯)等20多名和尚。他们在博光寺参与佛教绘画创作之前就已经相识,此后一直合作进行佛教绘画创作。1898年坡州博光寺的佛教仪式和佛法画是了解博光寺的力量和宫廷如何支持作品的重要资料。这些佛教画是了解19世纪末至20世纪初首尔、京畿地区佛教画的特点和画家的绘画风格的珍贵资料。此外,这些画作是珍贵的资料,我们可以全面了解这些画作的绘制时间,绘制地点,绘制背景,创作这些画作的艺术家,其他参与绘制这些画作的人以及各种服务,以及画家僧侣之间的交流等。
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引用次数: 0
Unfulfilled Dream of Globalization: Kim Cheolsoon’s Zen Series Woodprint Project 未实现的全球化梦想:金哲顺的禅宗系列木版画项目
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.34265/mbmh.2022.39.26
minhye yu
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引用次数: 0
The introduction and spread of Japanese bell patterns in the modern period of Korea and the succession of traditional bells 日本编钟图案在韩国近代的传入和传播以及传统编钟的继承
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.34265/mbmh.2022.39.80
S. H. Kim
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引用次数: 0
Understanding of Iksan Mireuksanseong and Surrounding Sites in the Documentary Records 从文献记录中了解益山美律山城及周边遗址
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.34265/mbmh.2022.39.190
Byung-nam Kim
Mireuksanseong has functioned as an important base in Iksan since early times. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the meaning of this Mireuksanseong and its future preservation and utilization. In this regard, We looked at how it was described in the existing documentary records, and also looked into the tradition and heritage of Iksan by identifying important relics around it. First of all, It is recorded that Iksan is related to Mahan in the geography records of the Samguksagi and the Goryeosa. However, considering that most of the geography records of this period is a description of the origin of the place names in Gunhyeon, the fact that Mireuksanseong was specially added means that it occupies a large proportion in Iksan. After that, most of the geography records compiled during the Joseon Dynasty were written that Iksan was the place where King Kijun came down to the south, and that it became Geummajeo during the reign of King Onjo of Baekje. However, changes such as the exclusion of the connection between Iksan and Mahan were observed in the Daedongjiji in the late Joseon Dynasty, but the general view was still there. In addition, most of the cultural resource elements of Iksan did not differ significantly from the description of Sinjeungdonggukyeojiseungram. In the case of Mireuksanseong, the geography records of Goryeosa and Sejongsilrok in the 15th century was recorded as ‘Mireuksan-sanseong’, but by the 16th century, it was changed to ‘Kijunseong’. This is related to the legitimacy of the establishment of a nation called ‘Joseon’, and it appears in most of the various records related to geography. Meanwhile, the situation of Iksan in the 18th century, the late Joseon Dynasty, can be confirmed through the records of Yugeummaseonggi(1738) and Geummaji(1756). However, despite a direct visit to Mireuksa Site, Wanggung-ri Remains, Mireuksanseong, and Ssangneung, Yugeummaseongki maintained the point of view that the Geumma(Iksan) area was related to King Kijun, thus reducing the value of the record. Geummaji also subdivided the ruins of Wanggung-ri into palace sites, royal palace sites, royal towers, and royal palace wells, but it did not escape the tendency to link the grounds of related ruins with Mahan. In the 19th century, various maps of Iksan-gun contained the contents of the same relics as those of geography records, and as time went on, more geography and cultural information were included. Accordingly, Iksangunjido(1872) recorded the current status and location of villages, which are the core of local history, and made ‘Mireuksanseong(Kijungoseong)’ and Wanggung-ri sites substantively recognized. In this way, Mireuksanseong has been around since Goryeosa, Sejongsillokjriji, Sinjeungdonggukyeojiseungram, Donggukyeoji, Yugeummaseonggi, Geummaji, Daedongjiji and Haedongjiji, Yeojido, Gwangyeodo, Iksangunjido(1872) etc., It appears in all kinds of geography- related records. This is one proof that the historical status
三律山城从早期开始就是益山的重要基地。因此,重视这一琉璃山城的意义及其未来的保存和利用是非常重要的。对此,我们研究了现有文献中对益山的描述,并对益山周围的重要文物进行了鉴定,研究了益山的传统和遗产。”首先,《三国史记》和《高丽史》的地理记录中都记载了益山与马汉的关系。但是,考虑到这一时期的地理记录大部分都是对钧贤地区地名来源的描述,因此,特别增加了“三律山城”,这意味着它在益山地区所占的比例很大。此后,朝鲜时代编纂的地理史书中,大部分都写着益山是基君南下的地方,在百济翁祖时期,益山变成了锦马驿。虽然在朝鲜末年的《大同志》中出现了排除益山和马汉关系等变化,但大体上还是没有改变。此外,益山的大部分文化资源元素与《新政东国教志城记》的描述没有明显差异。以“三律山城”为例,15世纪高丽书院和世宗寺录的地理记录是“三律山山城”,但到了16世纪,被改为“基钧城”。这与建立“朝鲜”国家的合法性有关,而且在与地理有关的各种记录中都有出现。另外,朝鲜末年18世纪益山的情况可以通过《玉锦马城记》(1738年)和《锦马记》(1756年)的记载得到确认。但是,“玉金马城记”虽然直接访问了琉球寺遗址、王宫里遗址、琉球山城、双陵等地,但仍然坚持认为琉球(琉球山)地区与吉君有关,因此降低了记录的价值。《锦马志》也将王公里遗址分为宫殿遗址、皇宫遗址、皇宫塔、皇宫井等,但也没有摆脱将相关遗址的场地与马汉联系起来的倾向。19世纪,益山郡的各种地图与地理记录的内容相同,随着时间的推移,地理和文化信息的内容越来越多。因此,《益上君志岛》(1872年)记录了作为地方历史核心的村庄的现状和位置,并使“三列山城”和王公里遗址得到了实质性的认可。因此,从高丽沙、世宗路志、新京东国教志、东国教志、玉锦马城志、锦马志、大东志、海东志、汝矣岛、光骊岛、益上君志(1872年)等开始,就出现了“三律山城”,并出现在各种地理文献中。这证明了三律山城的历史地位是如此重要。
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引用次数: 0
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