The selected issues of system engineering methodology in the design of transport systems have been presented. The discussed methodological issues were presented in the example of the metropolitan railway concept project. The system description of the transport project is introduced in accordance with the principles used in systems engineering. The presented case study concerns the methodology of designing the concept of the railway transport system. In the proposed case study, the main issue was the development of a document called the Concept of the Metropolitan Railway System (CoMRS) in the urban area of the Metropolis called in Poland GZM. It was assumed that this document would be a system document developed with the use of Systems Engineering methods in order to build, implement and develop a modern complex railway transport system covering the urban area of the GZM Metropolis. Therefore, in the first place, an additional but essential document was developed – the Methodology for the Metropolitan Railway System Concept (MoCoMRS), which contains a comprehensive methodological description of how to proceed with the use of Systems Engineering methods required for the development of the CoMRS. The methodological guidelines relating to the V model were presented in detail. The methodology description also took into account the system life cycle model in the perspective of the enterprise and systems engineering using the V model. When applying systems engineering in the design of transport systems, it is proposed to use this model, which organizes the system procedure during the design process. The guidelines regarding the use of this model and the application of systems engineering methods for CoMRS, relating, inter alia, to the following design stages: system assumptions, system requirements, high-level design, detailed design, were formulated. The case study of the concept of metropolitan railway presented in this paper is based on a real transport project, and the current stage is working on the preliminary feasibility study of this railway system. It is very important, because it is possible to verify and iteratively correct and update the methodology of designing this railway system depending on the changing conditions and criteria resulting from, among others, different stakeholder aspirations that shape the system requirements. This procedure was also included in the V model in phases of development, construction and implementation of the system, as well as in phases of integration, verification and validation of elements and the entire railway system.
{"title":"Selected issues of systems engineering methodology in the design of transport systems","authors":"Grzegorz Karoń, R. Janecki, J. Mikulski","doi":"10.23939/tt2022.02.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.02.085","url":null,"abstract":"The selected issues of system engineering methodology in the design of transport systems have been presented. The discussed methodological issues were presented in the example of the metropolitan railway concept project. The system description of the transport project is introduced in accordance with the principles used in systems engineering. The presented case study concerns the methodology of designing the concept of the railway transport system. In the proposed case study, the main issue was the development of a document called the Concept of the Metropolitan Railway System (CoMRS) in the urban area of the Metropolis called in Poland GZM. It was assumed that this document would be a system document developed with the use of Systems Engineering methods in order to build, implement and develop a modern complex railway transport system covering the urban area of the GZM Metropolis. Therefore, in the first place, an additional but essential document was developed – the Methodology for the Metropolitan Railway System Concept (MoCoMRS), which contains a comprehensive methodological description of how to proceed with the use of Systems Engineering methods required for the development of the CoMRS. The methodological guidelines relating to the V model were presented in detail. The methodology description also took into account the system life cycle model in the perspective of the enterprise and systems engineering using the V model. When applying systems engineering in the design of transport systems, it is proposed to use this model, which organizes the system procedure during the design process. The guidelines regarding the use of this model and the application of systems engineering methods for CoMRS, relating, inter alia, to the following design stages: system assumptions, system requirements, high-level design, detailed design, were formulated. The case study of the concept of metropolitan railway presented in this paper is based on a real transport project, and the current stage is working on the preliminary feasibility study of this railway system. It is very important, because it is possible to verify and iteratively correct and update the methodology of designing this railway system depending on the changing conditions and criteria resulting from, among others, different stakeholder aspirations that shape the system requirements. This procedure was also included in the V model in phases of development, construction and implementation of the system, as well as in phases of integration, verification and validation of elements and the entire railway system.","PeriodicalId":343801,"journal":{"name":"Transport technologies","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134399327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of the analysis of algorithmic models of machine learning application to the freight transportation process are given in this paper. Analysis of existing research allowed discovering a range of advantages in the application of computational intelligence in logistic systems, including increasing the accuracy of forecasting, reduction of transport costs, increasing the efficiency of cargo delivery, risks reduction, and search for key performance factors. In the research process, the main directions of application of algorithmic models of machine learning were determined. They are vehicle routing, choice of cargo type, transportation type and vehicle type; forecasting fuel consumption by vehicles, disruptions in transportation, transport costs, duration of the order fulfillment; evaluation of the rolling stock fleet and the efficiency of carrying out the transport task. Based on the researched publications, the most common algorithmic models of machine learning in freight transportation were identified, and their effectiveness was analyzed. Linear and logistic regression models are simple enough; however, they do not always provide high simulation results. Deep learning models are quite widely applied to all identified areas. Decision tree and random forest models often show the highest simulation performance. Models of k-nearest neighbors and support vectors should be used both in classification tasks, for example, in choosing the type of cargo and type of transportation, and for forecasting the fuel consumption and the duration of the transport process.
{"title":"Application of algorithmic models of machine learning to the freight transportation process","authors":"V. Kotenko","doi":"10.23939/tt2022.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the analysis of algorithmic models of machine learning application to the freight transportation process are given in this paper. Analysis of existing research allowed discovering a range of advantages in the application of computational intelligence in logistic systems, including increasing the accuracy of forecasting, reduction of transport costs, increasing the efficiency of cargo delivery, risks reduction, and search for key performance factors. In the research process, the main directions of application of algorithmic models of machine learning were determined. They are vehicle routing, choice of cargo type, transportation type and vehicle type; forecasting fuel consumption by vehicles, disruptions in transportation, transport costs, duration of the order fulfillment; evaluation of the rolling stock fleet and the efficiency of carrying out the transport task. Based on the researched publications, the most common algorithmic models of machine learning in freight transportation were identified, and their effectiveness was analyzed. Linear and logistic regression models are simple enough; however, they do not always provide high simulation results. Deep learning models are quite widely applied to all identified areas. Decision tree and random forest models often show the highest simulation performance. Models of k-nearest neighbors and support vectors should be used both in classification tasks, for example, in choosing the type of cargo and type of transportation, and for forecasting the fuel consumption and the duration of the transport process.","PeriodicalId":343801,"journal":{"name":"Transport technologies","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131166983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transport is a key factor influencing greenhouse gas emissions. In relation to this, the issues and challenges facing the transport industry were presented. The issues of challenges for the transport industry related to the European Green Deal were discussed. It discussed how the transport system is critical for European companies and global supply chains. The issues related to the exposure of society to costs are presented: greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. The article deals with the issues of managing transport processes in an enterprise. It was decided to raise the topic of fuel consumption in means of transport. Based on a review of the scientific literature, 3 categories of features are indicated: the vehicle characteristics, the driver's characteristics, and the route's impact on fuel consumption. The study is based on actual data from the archives of the GPS vehicle monitoring system. Data was collected on 1890 routes operated between May 30, 2020, and May 31, 2021. The routes were performed by twenty-nine drivers and 8 vehicles. The vehicles are 40-ton road sets consisting of a tractor unit and a semi-trailer. The analysis of factors influencing fuel consumption is presented. The methodology for conducting feature engineering is described. The benefits of using the method of reducing fuel consumption are presented. The possibilities of using the methods of forecasting electricity and hydrogen consumption in various means of transport, including public transport, where indicated. The data is processed using the Pandas library. The models are compared according to the MAE success measure. The application of methods of working with large data sets is presented. The calculations are made with the help of the NumPy library. Data visualization is done with Matplotlib and Seaborn. Scikit-Learn models are used.
{"title":"Forecasting fuel consumption in means of transport with the use of machine learning","authors":"Artur Budzyński, A. Sładkowski","doi":"10.23939/tt2022.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Transport is a key factor influencing greenhouse gas emissions. In relation to this, the issues and challenges facing the transport industry were presented. The issues of challenges for the transport industry related to the European Green Deal were discussed. It discussed how the transport system is critical for European companies and global supply chains. The issues related to the exposure of society to costs are presented: greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. The article deals with the issues of managing transport processes in an enterprise. It was decided to raise the topic of fuel consumption in means of transport. Based on a review of the scientific literature, 3 categories of features are indicated: the vehicle characteristics, the driver's characteristics, and the route's impact on fuel consumption. The study is based on actual data from the archives of the GPS vehicle monitoring system. Data was collected on 1890 routes operated between May 30, 2020, and May 31, 2021. The routes were performed by twenty-nine drivers and 8 vehicles. The vehicles are 40-ton road sets consisting of a tractor unit and a semi-trailer. The analysis of factors influencing fuel consumption is presented. The methodology for conducting feature engineering is described. The benefits of using the method of reducing fuel consumption are presented. The possibilities of using the methods of forecasting electricity and hydrogen consumption in various means of transport, including public transport, where indicated. The data is processed using the Pandas library. The models are compared according to the MAE success measure. The application of methods of working with large data sets is presented. The calculations are made with the help of the NumPy library. Data visualization is done with Matplotlib and Seaborn. Scikit-Learn models are used.","PeriodicalId":343801,"journal":{"name":"Transport technologies","volume":"63 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132019080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid development of container transportation in the world requires acceptance of strategic decisions in the logistical and technical support of cargo delivery by sea transport with the aim of achieving effective development of the maritime logistics system and identifying the leaders of maritime logistics. The article considers the process of containerization in sea transport in the international context. This type of transportation has a lot of advantages over other types of cargo transportation, including low cost, large volumes of transportation, clear and unambiguous rules, legal norms of sea transportation, defined sea routes. In the course of the study, countries with access to the sea or the ocean were studied. Such countries include Germany, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Japan, the Netherlands and Singapore - countries with a developed logistics system. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the development of the world's leading ports were analyzed, in particular, the number of ships of various types, including depending on the flag, their carrying capacity, and the time spent in the port. The development of maritime trade, which is carried out along the following main routes, is analyzed: Non-mainlane East West, North-South, South-South, Intra-regional. According to the results of the study, the classification of the world fleet by the main types of vessels was carried out. In the course of the analysis of the modern development of the world market of container transportation, a steady trend towards an increase in the volume of cargo transported in containers was established. This is explained by the fact that containerization allows incresaing the efficiency and competitiveness of logistics enterprises significantly, which is of great importance in the conditions of a market economy. The development of the system of container transportation by sea transport is a rational way to improving the quality of the organization of cargo transportation, which, thanks to economic efficiency, will allow reducing transportation costs during the transportation of cargo. The prospective directions of their development are substantiated.
{"title":"Research of the specificity of the development of international sea container transportation","authors":"V. Nykonchuk, I. Samoilyk, S. Pashkevych","doi":"10.23939/tt2022.02.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.02.033","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of container transportation in the world requires acceptance of strategic decisions in the logistical and technical support of cargo delivery by sea transport with the aim of achieving effective development of the maritime logistics system and identifying the leaders of maritime logistics. The article considers the process of containerization in sea transport in the international context. This type of transportation has a lot of advantages over other types of cargo transportation, including low cost, large volumes of transportation, clear and unambiguous rules, legal norms of sea transportation, defined sea routes. In the course of the study, countries with access to the sea or the ocean were studied. Such countries include Germany, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Japan, the Netherlands and Singapore - countries with a developed logistics system. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the development of the world's leading ports were analyzed, in particular, the number of ships of various types, including depending on the flag, their carrying capacity, and the time spent in the port. The development of maritime trade, which is carried out along the following main routes, is analyzed: Non-mainlane East West, North-South, South-South, Intra-regional. According to the results of the study, the classification of the world fleet by the main types of vessels was carried out. In the course of the analysis of the modern development of the world market of container transportation, a steady trend towards an increase in the volume of cargo transported in containers was established. This is explained by the fact that containerization allows incresaing the efficiency and competitiveness of logistics enterprises significantly, which is of great importance in the conditions of a market economy. The development of the system of container transportation by sea transport is a rational way to improving the quality of the organization of cargo transportation, which, thanks to economic efficiency, will allow reducing transportation costs during the transportation of cargo. The prospective directions of their development are substantiated.","PeriodicalId":343801,"journal":{"name":"Transport technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131085895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study is devoted to the process of evaluating the efficiency of the transport system in terms of urban mobility. The approach is based on the use of a system of performance indicators using neurocomputer technologies. Generalized models for obtaining a vector of performance indicators and an integral performance indicator in the form of computer neural networks are proposed. It is shown that to record the fact that the indicator values fall to the threshold and below, it is enough to use a neural network built on perceptron neurons. The multi-layered model for determining the integral indicator allows assessing the importance of individual indicators in the system of monitoring the efficiency of a given configuration of the transport system. An experimental study of twenty-five states of the transport system of various configurations in the cities of Poland and Ukraine was carried out. The key indicators of the system's efficiency are determined, namely, the energy efficiency indicator of the vehicle as a system element, the environmental indicator and the traffic safety indicator. Based on the results of the experimental study, a neural network structure is proposed for evaluating the energy efficiency of given configurations of the transport system. For the purpose of training and testing the obtained network, the procedure of adjusting the threshold value of the activation function and normalizing the values of the input parameters array of the transport system was used. The constructed network was implemented using Visual Studio 2019 using the C++ language. The network was adjusted to determine the energy efficiency estimate with a given accuracy by replacing the perceptron neuron with a regular one with a sigmoidal activation function. The random nature of the choice of the configuration and the initial values of the weighting factors made it possible to obtain a model with an accuracy of implementation on the control sample in the range from 90 to 98.7% at a learning rate of 0.1.
这项研究致力于从城市机动性的角度来评估交通系统的效率。该方法基于使用神经计算机技术的性能指标系统。提出了以计算机神经网络的形式求得性能指标向量和积分性能指标的广义模型。研究表明，为了记录指标值降至阈值及以下的事实，使用基于感知器神经元的神经网络就足够了。用于确定整体指标的多层模型允许评估单个指标在监测运输系统给定配置的效率系统中的重要性。对波兰和乌克兰城市中各种配置的运输系统的25个州进行了实验研究。确定了系统效率的关键指标，即作为系统要素的车辆能效指标、环境指标和交通安全指标。在实验研究的基础上，提出了一种神经网络结构，用于评价运输系统的给定配置的能源效率。为了训练和测试得到的网络，使用了调整激活函数的阈值和对运输系统输入参数数组的值进行归一化的过程。构建的网络是使用Visual Studio 2019使用c++语言实现的。通过将感知器神经元替换为具有s型激活函数的常规感知器神经元，调整网络以确定给定精度的能量效率估计。配置选择的随机性和权重因子的初始值使得可以在学习率为0.1的情况下获得在控制样本上具有90至98.7%实现精度的模型。
{"title":"Evaluation of transport system configuration by efficiency indicators","authors":"V. Mateichyk, M. Śmieszek, N. Kostian","doi":"10.23939/tt2022.02.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.02.052","url":null,"abstract":"The study is devoted to the process of evaluating the efficiency of the transport system in terms of urban mobility. The approach is based on the use of a system of performance indicators using neurocomputer technologies. Generalized models for obtaining a vector of performance indicators and an integral performance indicator in the form of computer neural networks are proposed. It is shown that to record the fact that the indicator values fall to the threshold and below, it is enough to use a neural network built on perceptron neurons. The multi-layered model for determining the integral indicator allows assessing the importance of individual indicators in the system of monitoring the efficiency of a given configuration of the transport system. An experimental study of twenty-five states of the transport system of various configurations in the cities of Poland and Ukraine was carried out. The key indicators of the system's efficiency are determined, namely, the energy efficiency indicator of the vehicle as a system element, the environmental indicator and the traffic safety indicator. Based on the results of the experimental study, a neural network structure is proposed for evaluating the energy efficiency of given configurations of the transport system. For the purpose of training and testing the obtained network, the procedure of adjusting the threshold value of the activation function and normalizing the values of the input parameters array of the transport system was used. The constructed network was implemented using Visual Studio 2019 using the C++ language. The network was adjusted to determine the energy efficiency estimate with a given accuracy by replacing the perceptron neuron with a regular one with a sigmoidal activation function. The random nature of the choice of the configuration and the initial values of the weighting factors made it possible to obtain a model with an accuracy of implementation on the control sample in the range from 90 to 98.7% at a learning rate of 0.1.","PeriodicalId":343801,"journal":{"name":"Transport technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130305692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current conditions for ensuring the implementation of urban mobility plans require high-quality functioning of urban passenger transport systems considering the minimising travel time and increasing travel comfort, as these factors affect passenger fatigue and their productivity during the working day. The study of changes indicators of the public transport system functioning from the gravity function is carried out in this paper, and the results of these studies are given. Based on the surveys of Lviv residents, the distribution of trips by public transport, private transport and taxis was carried out. It is determined that most often city residents use public transport (the share of such trips is 67% of all movements made by transport). An approach has been developed to determine the number of public transport vehicles depending on their capacity through the total number of passenger seats taking into account this distribution. This approach allows determining the required number of vehicles on the route and using different vehicles by their capacity depending on the passenger flow on the route to ensure the comfort of the trip. Based on this, the analysis of the change in the total number of passenger seats from the indicator of the gravity function for vehicles of different capacities is carried out. In addition, an analysis of the regularities of changes in the number of passenger seats for different by capacity vehicles is carried out, and mathematical models of these regularities are developed. It is determined that at low values of indicator of the gravity function, there is a need for large capacity vehicles, while with the increase in this indicator, the demand for small and medium capacity vehicles increases from 34% to 52%. The developed mathematical models can be used for practical justification of the required number of vehicles on the route, taking into account their capacity to ensure the comfortable movement of passengers on the routes of urban passenger transport.
{"title":"Analysis of the change in the number of passenger seats of urban passenger transport depending on the gravity function","authors":"Roman Rogalskyy, A. Sotnikova","doi":"10.23939/tt2022.01.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.01.030","url":null,"abstract":"Current conditions for ensuring the implementation of urban mobility plans require high-quality functioning of urban passenger transport systems considering the minimising travel time and increasing travel comfort, as these factors affect passenger fatigue and their productivity during the working day. The study of changes indicators of the public transport system functioning from the gravity function is carried out in this paper, and the results of these studies are given. Based on the surveys of Lviv residents, the distribution of trips by public transport, private transport and taxis was carried out. It is determined that most often city residents use public transport (the share of such trips is 67% of all movements made by transport). An approach has been developed to determine the number of public transport vehicles depending on their capacity through the total number of passenger seats taking into account this distribution. This approach allows determining the required number of vehicles on the route and using different vehicles by their capacity depending on the passenger flow on the route to ensure the comfort of the trip. Based on this, the analysis of the change in the total number of passenger seats from the indicator of the gravity function for vehicles of different capacities is carried out. In addition, an analysis of the regularities of changes in the number of passenger seats for different by capacity vehicles is carried out, and mathematical models of these regularities are developed. It is determined that at low values of indicator of the gravity function, there is a need for large capacity vehicles, while with the increase in this indicator, the demand for small and medium capacity vehicles increases from 34% to 52%. The developed mathematical models can be used for practical justification of the required number of vehicles on the route, taking into account their capacity to ensure the comfortable movement of passengers on the routes of urban passenger transport.","PeriodicalId":343801,"journal":{"name":"Transport technologies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121204212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of the human factors in traffic safety is a relatively young scientific field that began to develop several decades before the mass car advent. The origins of transport psychology and psychophysiology were mostly aimed at creating more comfortable and safe driving conditions due to the design of highways. Over time, there was a need to take into account drivers working conditions, namely the ergonomics of vehicles. The latest works have already taken into account previous experience and considered the issues of freight and passenger transportation technological processes, including the human factor. Among the objects and subjects of research in previous works were considered the processes of driving vehicles with different ergonomic characteristics and buses of different capacities, which created a kind of case matrix for planning experiments. When it comes to trucks, the matrix of cases became much larger, as the set of ergonomic and dynamic features of vehicles adds a much wider set of specialization of cargo and truck types. In this case, the most important issue is to determine the road conditions impact the driver's functional condition, engaged in the transport of dangerous goods, which is the purpose of this article. The research used: methods of field survey to establish the values of traffic flow on highways; methods of in-house research to determine the value of road capacity; electrophysiological methods to determine changes in the driver's functional condition. The article describes the typing of road conditions according to their complexity, as well as the differentiation of drivers according to their psychological and professional qualities. Experimental studies of changes in driver's functional state of different age and socionic groups with different road conditions complexity, during dangerous goods transportation (second class of risk). The main results indicate that the analysis of traffic conditions' impact on the driver's functional state shows different dynamics of psycho-emotional stress change for people characterized by certain types of the nervous system and the ratio of their age to work experience.
{"title":"Change of drivers’ functional condition during dangerous goods transportation","authors":"M. Afonin","doi":"10.23939/tt2022.01.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.01.055","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the human factors in traffic safety is a relatively young scientific field that began to develop several decades before the mass car advent. The origins of transport psychology and psychophysiology were mostly aimed at creating more comfortable and safe driving conditions due to the design of highways. Over time, there was a need to take into account drivers working conditions, namely the ergonomics of vehicles. The latest works have already taken into account previous experience and considered the issues of freight and passenger transportation technological processes, including the human factor. Among the objects and subjects of research in previous works were considered the processes of driving vehicles with different ergonomic characteristics and buses of different capacities, which created a kind of case matrix for planning experiments. When it comes to trucks, the matrix of cases became much larger, as the set of ergonomic and dynamic features of vehicles adds a much wider set of specialization of cargo and truck types. In this case, the most important issue is to determine the road conditions impact the driver's functional condition, engaged in the transport of dangerous goods, which is the purpose of this article. The research used: methods of field survey to establish the values of traffic flow on highways; methods of in-house research to determine the value of road capacity; electrophysiological methods to determine changes in the driver's functional condition. The article describes the typing of road conditions according to their complexity, as well as the differentiation of drivers according to their psychological and professional qualities. Experimental studies of changes in driver's functional state of different age and socionic groups with different road conditions complexity, during dangerous goods transportation (second class of risk). The main results indicate that the analysis of traffic conditions' impact on the driver's functional state shows different dynamics of psycho-emotional stress change for people characterized by certain types of the nervous system and the ratio of their age to work experience.","PeriodicalId":343801,"journal":{"name":"Transport technologies","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122361891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, it is proposed to carry out the assessment of road transport hazards using the minimization of the negative impact by three main components: impact of changes in emissions of toxic elements of pollutants from the exhaust gases of car engines, change of noise pollution of the environment and change of the number of accidents. The method of determination of equivalent losses which will be as a result of the release of a conventional ton of toxic components of pollutants from the exhaust gases of car engines and the impact of noise pollution of the environment on three groups of components – drivers and passengers, pedestrians and residents of adjacent territories is justified. Special attention is paid to determining equivalent losses due to traffic accidents with injured or dead. For example, a study to determine the change in environmental hazards of road transport for the section of Lubinska Str. in Lviv, depending on the main indicator of traffic flow - the speed of traffic was carried out. It is established that for the speed of 25 km/h the minimum environmental damage will be 1093 thousand UAH per year, and the minimum total hazards of road transport, taking into account the possibility of an accident at 12 km/h will be 1239 thousand UAH per year. With the help of the obtained model, it is possible to determine the amount of hazards from road transport, which allows taking into account environmental, social and economic components when studying the levels of the negative impact of transport on the environment and ensuring minimum accident rates on the studied section of the road network. Conducting preliminary theoretical research to find rational solutions when applying schemes to improve traffic organization will be especially useful.
{"title":"Complex assessment of road transport hazards","authors":"R. Kachmar","doi":"10.23939/tt2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, it is proposed to carry out the assessment of road transport hazards using the minimization of the negative impact by three main components: impact of changes in emissions of toxic elements of pollutants from the exhaust gases of car engines, change of noise pollution of the environment and change of the number of accidents. The method of determination of equivalent losses which will be as a result of the release of a conventional ton of toxic components of pollutants from the exhaust gases of car engines and the impact of noise pollution of the environment on three groups of components – drivers and passengers, pedestrians and residents of adjacent territories is justified. Special attention is paid to determining equivalent losses due to traffic accidents with injured or dead. For example, a study to determine the change in environmental hazards of road transport for the section of Lubinska Str. in Lviv, depending on the main indicator of traffic flow - the speed of traffic was carried out. It is established that for the speed of 25 km/h the minimum environmental damage will be 1093 thousand UAH per year, and the minimum total hazards of road transport, taking into account the possibility of an accident at 12 km/h will be 1239 thousand UAH per year. With the help of the obtained model, it is possible to determine the amount of hazards from road transport, which allows taking into account environmental, social and economic components when studying the levels of the negative impact of transport on the environment and ensuring minimum accident rates on the studied section of the road network. Conducting preliminary theoretical research to find rational solutions when applying schemes to improve traffic organization will be especially useful.","PeriodicalId":343801,"journal":{"name":"Transport technologies","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134066770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the problem of effective use of cross-docking as a technology of cargo delivery with increased time requirements, which allows to resolve the contradictions of guaranteed delivery time ensuring and the efficiency of the existing fleet of trucks. The process of delivery organization is considered as the ordering on the transport network of many discrete freight flows in the form of their phases. If qualitative and / or quantitative changes do not occur from phase to phase with the flow, then the tact of such flow is constant. However, cross-docking flows change the size of the band of moving goods. Cargo can be moved as intended by any group size, which, however, is limited by the maximum and minimum values. A two-stage algorithm for solving the problem has been developed. The transport network is represented as a graph. The content of the route search problem is optimization, as it consists of multiple selections from the initial graph of arcs in the presence of restrictions on input and output flows. One needs to replace every each edge of the graph with an arc of the forward or reverse direction, or remove this edge. The criterion for the optimal solution of the problem, which is applied, is the minimum guaranteed duration of delivery of goods throughout the set of specified freight flows. At the first stage of the algorithm, the search for the shortest paths in the graph is performed, along which every given cargo flow can pass. The first stage of optimization is a linear problem of integer programming, the dimension of which is not too large. The initial data of the second stage is freight flows matrix, which is obtained as a result of optimization in the first stage. The content of the second stage of the algorithm is the solution of the equation of the balance of discrete goods flows. The balance equation means that all flows entering each peak including the sources of cargo flows of this peak have an average intensity equal to the intensity of the outgoing cargo flows from each source peak, including runoff. Due to the studied dependencies between the individual phases of the delivery process on the example of a cargo carrier on the transport network of Ukraine, the formulated restrictions and boundary conditions, the possibility of guaranteed accurate solution of a complex problem is obtained. At the same time, the shortest routes were found, reloading points were identified as well as time parameters of operation and the degree of loading of cars. According to the results of the research, a threefold increase in the productivity of the fleet of road trains with a reduction in the guaranteed delivery time by 30%.
{"title":"Cross-docking cargo delivery routing for guaranteed minimum period","authors":"M. Oliskevych, V. Danchuk, O.L. Mastykash","doi":"10.23939/tt2022.01.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.01.038","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of effective use of cross-docking as a technology of cargo delivery with increased time requirements, which allows to resolve the contradictions of guaranteed delivery time ensuring and the efficiency of the existing fleet of trucks. The process of delivery organization is considered as the ordering on the transport network of many discrete freight flows in the form of their phases. If qualitative and / or quantitative changes do not occur from phase to phase with the flow, then the tact of such flow is constant. However, cross-docking flows change the size of the band of moving goods. Cargo can be moved as intended by any group size, which, however, is limited by the maximum and minimum values. A two-stage algorithm for solving the problem has been developed. The transport network is represented as a graph. The content of the route search problem is optimization, as it consists of multiple selections from the initial graph of arcs in the presence of restrictions on input and output flows. One needs to replace every each edge of the graph with an arc of the forward or reverse direction, or remove this edge. The criterion for the optimal solution of the problem, which is applied, is the minimum guaranteed duration of delivery of goods throughout the set of specified freight flows. At the first stage of the algorithm, the search for the shortest paths in the graph is performed, along which every given cargo flow can pass. The first stage of optimization is a linear problem of integer programming, the dimension of which is not too large. The initial data of the second stage is freight flows matrix, which is obtained as a result of optimization in the first stage. The content of the second stage of the algorithm is the solution of the equation of the balance of discrete goods flows. The balance equation means that all flows entering each peak including the sources of cargo flows of this peak have an average intensity equal to the intensity of the outgoing cargo flows from each source peak, including runoff. Due to the studied dependencies between the individual phases of the delivery process on the example of a cargo carrier on the transport network of Ukraine, the formulated restrictions and boundary conditions, the possibility of guaranteed accurate solution of a complex problem is obtained. At the same time, the shortest routes were found, reloading points were identified as well as time parameters of operation and the degree of loading of cars. According to the results of the research, a threefold increase in the productivity of the fleet of road trains with a reduction in the guaranteed delivery time by 30%.","PeriodicalId":343801,"journal":{"name":"Transport technologies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115599596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuriy Royko, Yurii Yevchuk, R. Bura, Andrii Velhan
Research results, using which the method of minimization of public transport delay is improved at intersections with the system of coordinated motion control, are given in this paper. Such transport research was carried out with simultaneous application of field measurements of the study of traffic flow indicators and computer simulation in PTV VISSIM to check the level of efficiency of coordinated control and the reliability of the results. The essence of the method is that it reduces the delay in traffic per user of the transport system during his movement through a signalized section of the road network. The effectiveness of this method is achieved under condition of significant intensity of public transport, which is provided with spatial priority in the form of the allocated lane. Invariability of the number of lanes in the area where coordination takes place, and a high level of transit (above 70%) of straight traffic flows are compulsory indicators and parameters. The result is achieved with such phases in the direction of coordinated control, the share of the permissive signal in which is more than 45% of the cycle duration with a duration limit of 90-125 s. With such parameters, the starting delays of the general traffic flow at the stop-lines are minimized, and the maximum values of the saturation flow are achieved. In addition, a sufficient width of the time lane is established for the passage of signalized areas by public transport. There is still some delay in public transport in such a control system, but it is connected with delays at bus stops. The introduction of such systems of coordinated traffic control is recommended on the arterial streets of citywide importance of controlled motion with a distance between adjacent stop-lines of not more than 800 m. This restriction allows avoiding the dissipation of groups of vehicles.
{"title":"Minimization of public transport delays at arterial streets with coordinated motion","authors":"Yuriy Royko, Yurii Yevchuk, R. Bura, Andrii Velhan","doi":"10.23939/tt2022.01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"Research results, using which the method of minimization of public transport delay is improved at intersections with the system of coordinated motion control, are given in this paper. Such transport research was carried out with simultaneous application of field measurements of the study of traffic flow indicators and computer simulation in PTV VISSIM to check the level of efficiency of coordinated control and the reliability of the results. The essence of the method is that it reduces the delay in traffic per user of the transport system during his movement through a signalized section of the road network. The effectiveness of this method is achieved under condition of significant intensity of public transport, which is provided with spatial priority in the form of the allocated lane. Invariability of the number of lanes in the area where coordination takes place, and a high level of transit (above 70%) of straight traffic flows are compulsory indicators and parameters. The result is achieved with such phases in the direction of coordinated control, the share of the permissive signal in which is more than 45% of the cycle duration with a duration limit of 90-125 s. With such parameters, the starting delays of the general traffic flow at the stop-lines are minimized, and the maximum values of the saturation flow are achieved. In addition, a sufficient width of the time lane is established for the passage of signalized areas by public transport. There is still some delay in public transport in such a control system, but it is connected with delays at bus stops. The introduction of such systems of coordinated traffic control is recommended on the arterial streets of citywide importance of controlled motion with a distance between adjacent stop-lines of not more than 800 m. This restriction allows avoiding the dissipation of groups of vehicles.","PeriodicalId":343801,"journal":{"name":"Transport technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129319333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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