Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4691
Aida Jalalkamali, Elham Anjomshoa
The study evaluates the spatial behaviors of women in urban public place through ‘fear of crime’ and ‘public place functionality’ factors; by using direct observations and questionnaire within the Grand Bazaar as a historical urban public place in the center of Kerman, which is located in the Southwest part of Iran. The study provides a particular perspective to the analysis and understanding of how women make decisions and behave in a spatial setting based on environmental psychology studies. This study applies combinational research methods including qualitative and quantitative approach, including analytical, descriptive, correlation, and logical reasoning methods. This study also conducts direct observation in order to search the strengths and weaknesses of Grand Bazaar as a public place. The results of the study reveal that there is a significant correlation between fear of crime and women’s environmental perception of Grand Bazaar. Furthermore, the research findings indicate that the anxiety of being in less crowded parts of Bazaar is more tangible among women than men. On the other hand, the results show there is a significant correlation between time periods and women’s activities in Grand Bazaar.
{"title":"Evaluating Gender Based Behavior in Historical Urban Public Place Case study: Grand Bazaar, Kerman, Iran","authors":"Aida Jalalkamali, Elham Anjomshoa","doi":"10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4691","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluates the spatial behaviors of women in urban public place through ‘fear of crime’ and ‘public place functionality’ factors; by using direct observations and questionnaire within the Grand Bazaar as a historical urban public place in the center of Kerman, which is located in the Southwest part of Iran. The study provides a particular perspective to the analysis and understanding of how women make decisions and behave in a spatial setting based on environmental psychology studies. This study applies combinational research methods including qualitative and quantitative approach, including analytical, descriptive, correlation, and logical reasoning methods. This study also conducts direct observation in order to search the strengths and weaknesses of Grand Bazaar as a public place. The results of the study reveal that there is a significant correlation between fear of crime and women’s environmental perception of Grand Bazaar. Furthermore, the research findings indicate that the anxiety of being in less crowded parts of Bazaar is more tangible among women than men. On the other hand, the results show there is a significant correlation between time periods and women’s activities in Grand Bazaar.","PeriodicalId":34438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83478551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4686
Cemaliye Eken
The study exploits the development of a new field of research with the aim of reading uncertainty and transformation at cities by revealing resilience systems thinking theory for urban studies. The paper first generates understanding the resilience framework and its critical identities. Secondly, the city is introduced as a complex living organicism. Here the complexity of cities is conducted in the context of a self-organizing organism while conserving their spatial structure, function and identity. At this juncture; cities and their built environment are proposed in the framework of ‘being able to absorb uncertain perturbation and adapt itself through an adaptive cycle; of which key attributes of resilience is figured out a novel method for urban studies to be used to detain the taxonomies of uncertainty at the identity of the built environment. The study is concluded by impelling resilience as novel frontier thinking for postulating the ways of assessing a self-organizing city thinking towards the uncertainty of change.
{"title":"Learning from Resilience: Cities towards a Self-Organizing System","authors":"Cemaliye Eken","doi":"10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4686","url":null,"abstract":"The study exploits the development of a new field of research with the aim of reading uncertainty and transformation at cities by revealing resilience systems thinking theory for urban studies. The paper first generates understanding the resilience framework and its critical identities. Secondly, the city is introduced as a complex living organicism. Here the complexity of cities is conducted in the context of a self-organizing organism while conserving their spatial structure, function and identity. At this juncture; cities and their built environment are proposed in the framework of ‘being able to absorb uncertain perturbation and adapt itself through an adaptive cycle; of which key attributes of resilience is figured out a novel method for urban studies to be used to detain the taxonomies of uncertainty at the identity of the built environment. The study is concluded by impelling resilience as novel frontier thinking for postulating the ways of assessing a self-organizing city thinking towards the uncertainty of change.","PeriodicalId":34438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77855737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4683
Fashuyi Olugbenga
This research reviewed Nigeria’s environmental laws within the context of Agenda 21 at the three levels of water, forest degradation and solid waste management with the intent of evaluating the importance of Agenda 21 on environmental sustainability in the country. Furthermore, the study examined Nigeria’s environmental laws to determine its effectiveness. In this way, the study provided information on the effectiveness and extent of United Nations interventions on environmental issues in Nigeria thereby revealing the gap between such interventions and actual environmental challenges of the country.
{"title":"Environmental Regulations and Rules: United Nations Perspective and the Nigeria Experience","authors":"Fashuyi Olugbenga","doi":"10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4683","url":null,"abstract":"This research reviewed Nigeria’s environmental laws within the context of Agenda 21 at the three levels of water, forest degradation and solid waste management with the intent of evaluating the importance of Agenda 21 on environmental sustainability in the country. Furthermore, the study examined Nigeria’s environmental laws to determine its effectiveness. In this way, the study provided information on the effectiveness and extent of United Nations interventions on environmental issues in Nigeria thereby revealing the gap between such interventions and actual environmental challenges of the country.","PeriodicalId":34438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74066900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4688
Osman Ümit Sirel, Ayşe Sirel, Burak Tursoy
The competition system is considered to be the most objective project selection method in a country’s architectural and urbanism organization and is a mechanism which promotes professional creativity. Both national and international competitions have significant potential in terms of providing knowledge and accumulation to contemporary architecture history. The aim of competitions is to obtain "the best project" for a building or building group or a specific area, designs of which are predetermined. Type, nature, objective, issues, expectations of design competitions and the benefits they provide to the built environment are discussed in the general sense in this study. In this context the buildings which have been built by competitions and which are known as the important examples of the architectural history of Turkey and the world have been examined by taking into consideration their periods. Furthermore, it has been stated that competitions are one of the methods to obtain qualified buildings and environments in Turkey, there are problems in their being sufficiently developing, leading and raising awareness. The reasons why there are still a few qualified buildings (besides exceptions) have been stressed. Recommendations as to institutions organizing design competitions, creation of specifications for design competitions and establishment of the jury in design competitions have been offered for eliminating issues in design competitions.
{"title":"Effects of Architectural and Urban Design Project Competitions on Built Environment and New Discourses Brought Thereby","authors":"Osman Ümit Sirel, Ayşe Sirel, Burak Tursoy","doi":"10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4688","url":null,"abstract":"The competition system is considered to be the most objective project selection method in a country’s architectural and urbanism organization and is a mechanism which promotes professional creativity. Both national and international competitions have significant potential in terms of providing knowledge and accumulation to contemporary architecture history. The aim of competitions is to obtain \"the best project\" for a building or building group or a specific area, designs of which are predetermined. Type, nature, objective, issues, expectations of design competitions and the benefits they provide to the built environment are discussed in the general sense in this study. In this context the buildings which have been built by competitions and which are known as the important examples of the architectural history of Turkey and the world have been examined by taking into consideration their periods. Furthermore, it has been stated that competitions are one of the methods to obtain qualified buildings and environments in Turkey, there are problems in their being sufficiently developing, leading and raising awareness. The reasons why there are still a few qualified buildings (besides exceptions) have been stressed. Recommendations as to institutions organizing design competitions, creation of specifications for design competitions and establishment of the jury in design competitions have been offered for eliminating issues in design competitions.","PeriodicalId":34438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77160573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4687
Nadereh Afzhool
Human settlements have constantly provided to accommodate the wellbeing, security and the prosperity of their residents regarding plan and closeness of area to water, sustenance and other crucial assets. Safety and security have been critical issues all through history, from the early ancient period to medieval and present-day urban areas. In light of the populace development and quick urbanization that propels everywhere throughout the world, crime has turned out to be a standout amongst the most genuine social issues. Regardless, this issue is as yet uncertain as crime rates far and wide continue heightening. Dealing with and diminishing the pessimistic impacts of crime on human life will provoke more conspicuous controls and further welcome more enthusiasm of both the general population and the Community. This exploration will talk about crime and economical design concerning man and its condition with a view to decreasing the effect it has on man and nature. Designers and other design experts should mull over the encompassing condition keeping in mind the end goal to lessen. The design of structures and the game plan public offices and other outside spaces can influence the chance of crime and the level of dread of crime.
{"title":"Impact of A Community Place in Regards to Sustainable Design towards Decreasing Social Crime","authors":"Nadereh Afzhool","doi":"10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4687","url":null,"abstract":"Human settlements have constantly provided to accommodate the wellbeing, security and the prosperity of their residents regarding plan and closeness of area to water, sustenance and other crucial assets. Safety and security have been critical issues all through history, from the early ancient period to medieval and present-day urban areas. In light of the populace development and quick urbanization that propels everywhere throughout the world, crime has turned out to be a standout amongst the most genuine social issues. Regardless, this issue is as yet uncertain as crime rates far and wide continue heightening. Dealing with and diminishing the pessimistic impacts of crime on human life will provoke more conspicuous controls and further welcome more enthusiasm of both the general population and the Community. This exploration will talk about crime and economical design concerning man and its condition with a view to decreasing the effect it has on man and nature. Designers and other design experts should mull over the encompassing condition keeping in mind the end goal to lessen. The design of structures and the game plan public offices and other outside spaces can influence the chance of crime and the level of dread of crime.","PeriodicalId":34438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75076296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4685
M. Raslan, H. Ayyad
The paper seeks to assess the impact of access to the land of Egypt on urban development in an attempt to identify policies and laws that can be categorized as a catalyst in urban conflict. A systematic review of Data on land tenure environment of Egypt, land access, land governance and tenure security, the actors involved in these processes, their roles, the land tenure related challenges they face and measures that can be taken to address these challenges was collected at country level. In the context of Egypt, Access to land is deemed with obstacles confronting beneficiaries and legal procedures that uncover dispute. By investigating the land tenure environment, conclusions could be drawn on how to improve the systems so that they can be used as development tools that decrease the probability of conflict to happen. Furthermore, by understanding how access to land plays a crucial role in urban development patterns, we can allocate recommendations for more sustainable developments.
{"title":"Access to Land Influencing the Urban Development of Egypt","authors":"M. Raslan, H. Ayyad","doi":"10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4685","url":null,"abstract":"The paper seeks to assess the impact of access to the land of Egypt on urban development in an attempt to identify policies and laws that can be categorized as a catalyst in urban conflict. A systematic review of Data on land tenure environment of Egypt, land access, land governance and tenure security, the actors involved in these processes, their roles, the land tenure related challenges they face and measures that can be taken to address these challenges was collected at country level. In the context of Egypt, Access to land is deemed with obstacles confronting beneficiaries and legal procedures that uncover dispute. By investigating the land tenure environment, conclusions could be drawn on how to improve the systems so that they can be used as development tools that decrease the probability of conflict to happen. Furthermore, by understanding how access to land plays a crucial role in urban development patterns, we can allocate recommendations for more sustainable developments.","PeriodicalId":34438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83600316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4692
E. Valipour, Abdollah Mobaraki, Mojdeh Nikoofam, Samira Tayyebisoudkolaei
Architects and designers should be familiar with the city developmental process to know about all the city aspects if they are hidden the whole time. This matter shows the importance of studying the urban sections to find out the city critical points. The method is the space syntax in one view which is the consideration of urban network analysis and it would be presented by graphs and maps by a computational description of the selected places. The main target of the space syntax establishment is to study the urban network issue by clarifying the most logical routes in the urban road network. This study has the aim to implement the space syntax as a method to determine urban network problems in order to achieve new suggestions to increase the urban network integration. In this regards, Famagusta city in Cyprus is chosen to study to present the new suggestion.
{"title":"Establishment of Space syntax to read and analyze urban network; the case of study, Famagusta city of Cyprus","authors":"E. Valipour, Abdollah Mobaraki, Mojdeh Nikoofam, Samira Tayyebisoudkolaei","doi":"10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4692","url":null,"abstract":"Architects and designers should be familiar with the city developmental process to know about all the city aspects if they are hidden the whole time. This matter shows the importance of studying the urban sections to find out the city critical points. The method is the space syntax in one view which is the consideration of urban network analysis and it would be presented by graphs and maps by a computational description of the selected places. The main target of the space syntax establishment is to study the urban network issue by clarifying the most logical routes in the urban road network. This study has the aim to implement the space syntax as a method to determine urban network problems in order to achieve new suggestions to increase the urban network integration. In this regards, Famagusta city in Cyprus is chosen to study to present the new suggestion.","PeriodicalId":34438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77903276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4680
Rouhollah Oshrieh, E. Valipour
Today, regard for the wellbeing of the group and the earth is on the plan of most nations on the planet, and one of its imperative viewpoints is the contamination of the air and figuring out how to diminish it. Without a doubt, a standout amongst the most vital ranges that assume an unequivocal part in decreasing or expanding this parameter is the city and urban morphology. Tehran, which is viewed as the capital and vital city of Iran, has experienced this issue for a long time, and there are no legitimate arrangement found to decrease its air contamination. Then again, the city has movement from different parts of the nation consistently that makes this issue harsher. The most vital issue in such manner is the city's range, and in addition, the city's extension, which decides the thickness of the city. The failure of the vast majority to purchase houses inside the city has made satellite towns nearby Tehran. Then again, the presence of tremendous local locations around Tehran and the area of workplaces in the downtown area are among alternate issues tended to in this investigation. This examination endeavoured to utilize the explanatory expressive technique to think about the part of pressure and morphology of Tehran and its effect on the air contamination and give answers for diminishing air contamination and movement.
{"title":"The Role Of Urban Density And Morphology In The Air Pollution Of Tehran Metropolitan","authors":"Rouhollah Oshrieh, E. Valipour","doi":"10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4680","url":null,"abstract":"Today, regard for the wellbeing of the group and the earth is on the plan of most nations on the planet, and one of its imperative viewpoints is the contamination of the air and figuring out how to diminish it. Without a doubt, a standout amongst the most vital ranges that assume an unequivocal part in decreasing or expanding this parameter is the city and urban morphology. Tehran, which is viewed as the capital and vital city of Iran, has experienced this issue for a long time, and there are no legitimate arrangement found to decrease its air contamination. Then again, the city has movement from different parts of the nation consistently that makes this issue harsher. The most vital issue in such manner is the city's range, and in addition, the city's extension, which decides the thickness of the city. The failure of the vast majority to purchase houses inside the city has made satellite towns nearby Tehran. Then again, the presence of tremendous local locations around Tehran and the area of workplaces in the downtown area are among alternate issues tended to in this investigation. This examination endeavoured to utilize the explanatory expressive technique to think about the part of pressure and morphology of Tehran and its effect on the air contamination and give answers for diminishing air contamination and movement.","PeriodicalId":34438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75409689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4682
M. K. Balarabe, Abdulsalami Ibrahim, Maryam Ahmad
Street vending is a dynamic phenomenon of network of events, socio-economic and cultural factors while remaining a narration of place. At the metropolitan level, the narrative is negatively skewed towards street vending and its aesthetic reality, contemporaneously exploring hostile environmental interventions within the informal sector. This paper attempted to explore a counter-narrative asking; based on aesthetic experience, can the “desired” urban image to be achieved by allowing street vendors proliferate in public spaces? This question was asked within the scope of the political-economy of diversification in Nigeria. The paper argued that, around public spaces such as parks and sidewalks, the precarious nature of vending activities lead to their diffidence in upgrades to stalls, tables and kiosks. With pictures from spaces that appear to approve of street vending tacitly, a pattern of upgrades in vending apparatus and kiosks were established. This paper proposes an integrative model of passive, active and tacit support that is required to influence the discourse of vending activities within the context of urban images produced in Nigerian. In conclusion and using sing Gouverneur (2014) concepts of receptors and transformers, this paper revealed that potential existing parks within a dense urban area could serve as transformers, creating an urban image that defies that “out of place” narrative associated with vendors.
{"title":"Economic Diversification and the Urban Image; Changing the Narrative on Street Vending","authors":"M. K. Balarabe, Abdulsalami Ibrahim, Maryam Ahmad","doi":"10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25034/IJCUA.2018.4682","url":null,"abstract":"Street vending is a dynamic phenomenon of network of events, socio-economic and cultural factors while remaining a narration of place. At the metropolitan level, the narrative is negatively skewed towards street vending and its aesthetic reality, contemporaneously exploring hostile environmental interventions within the informal sector. This paper attempted to explore a counter-narrative asking; based on aesthetic experience, can the “desired” urban image to be achieved by allowing street vendors proliferate in public spaces? This question was asked within the scope of the political-economy of diversification in Nigeria. The paper argued that, around public spaces such as parks and sidewalks, the precarious nature of vending activities lead to their diffidence in upgrades to stalls, tables and kiosks. With pictures from spaces that appear to approve of street vending tacitly, a pattern of upgrades in vending apparatus and kiosks were established. This paper proposes an integrative model of passive, active and tacit support that is required to influence the discourse of vending activities within the context of urban images produced in Nigerian. In conclusion and using sing Gouverneur (2014) concepts of receptors and transformers, this paper revealed that potential existing parks within a dense urban area could serve as transformers, creating an urban image that defies that “out of place” narrative associated with vendors.","PeriodicalId":34438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79121258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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