Abstract Climate change, periods of droughts or, conversely, increased rainfall significantly affect agronomic patterns and biomass production. In addition, if agriculture and food industry compete with other industries for land and biomass, the priority is given to agro-food use and ensuring food security. This is the main reason why food waste is a promising alternative source of biomass for the industrial segment of the bioeconomy. Moreover, the reuse of food waste leads to circular and sustainable value chains. The aim of this paper is to explore the situation of food waste utilization in Slovakia. We assess the current level of food waste produced by households and its potential as a biomass source. However, to convert food waste into a valid industrial input, it has to be collected separately. The study shows the practice of food waste collection in two Slovak cities, where food waste is used to produce soil substrate and bioelectricity, respectively.
{"title":"Bioeconomy Adaptation to Climate Change: A Case Study of Food Waste in Slovakia","authors":"Ema Lazorcakova, M. Rajcaniova","doi":"10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change, periods of droughts or, conversely, increased rainfall significantly affect agronomic patterns and biomass production. In addition, if agriculture and food industry compete with other industries for land and biomass, the priority is given to agro-food use and ensuring food security. This is the main reason why food waste is a promising alternative source of biomass for the industrial segment of the bioeconomy. Moreover, the reuse of food waste leads to circular and sustainable value chains. The aim of this paper is to explore the situation of food waste utilization in Slovakia. We assess the current level of food waste produced by households and its potential as a biomass source. However, to convert food waste into a valid industrial input, it has to be collected separately. The study shows the practice of food waste collection in two Slovak cities, where food waste is used to produce soil substrate and bioelectricity, respectively.","PeriodicalId":344446,"journal":{"name":"Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125075538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Belinska, P. Bielik, Yanina Belinska, N. Turčeková, I. Adamičková
Abstract In the article, a theoretical study of the legislative framework, and various strategic directions in the field of agricultural policy, based on bioeconomics, is carried out. The world crises of recent years, the negative consequences of COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine in terms of the state of food markets have clearly demonstrated the importance of state support for the agricultural sector. The negative impact on the agricultural sector was manifested in price dynamics. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to fluctuations in food prices. However, after the first shock, prices jumped sharply between May 2020 and May 2021 as restrictions on the supply of food products were introduced. The market fundamentals of supply and demand, as well as the dynamics of the exchange rate, determine the evolution of world prices. In 2022, the increase in prices for agricultural products reflects several problems that have arisen at the current stage of world development in connection with the war in Ukraine. Violation of export deliveries from Ukraine led to a fluctuation of prices, and the rise in the cost of fuel and fertilizers serves as additional factors for rising food prices. The rebalancing of the markets continues throughout 2023 and possibly will continue in 2024. To overcome the negative phenomena in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to strengthen state support and revise approaches to financing the “green economy“ as part of the agrarian policy reform. The article aims to analyse the plans for state financial support for the green direction of the development of the agrarian sphere in the EU countries and Slovakia.
{"title":"State Financial Support for the Green Bioeconomy Vector of Development of the Agricultural Sector of the EU and Slovakia in the Half-Crisis Period","authors":"S. Belinska, P. Bielik, Yanina Belinska, N. Turčeková, I. Adamičková","doi":"10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the article, a theoretical study of the legislative framework, and various strategic directions in the field of agricultural policy, based on bioeconomics, is carried out. The world crises of recent years, the negative consequences of COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine in terms of the state of food markets have clearly demonstrated the importance of state support for the agricultural sector. The negative impact on the agricultural sector was manifested in price dynamics. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to fluctuations in food prices. However, after the first shock, prices jumped sharply between May 2020 and May 2021 as restrictions on the supply of food products were introduced. The market fundamentals of supply and demand, as well as the dynamics of the exchange rate, determine the evolution of world prices. In 2022, the increase in prices for agricultural products reflects several problems that have arisen at the current stage of world development in connection with the war in Ukraine. Violation of export deliveries from Ukraine led to a fluctuation of prices, and the rise in the cost of fuel and fertilizers serves as additional factors for rising food prices. The rebalancing of the markets continues throughout 2023 and possibly will continue in 2024. To overcome the negative phenomena in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to strengthen state support and revise approaches to financing the “green economy“ as part of the agrarian policy reform. The article aims to analyse the plans for state financial support for the green direction of the development of the agrarian sphere in the EU countries and Slovakia.","PeriodicalId":344446,"journal":{"name":"Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129119845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article examines the trends in the development of trade relations between Ukraine and the EU. The positive changes that have taken place in European-Ukrainian relations in recent years are outlined. The dynamics and structure of exports and imports of goods and services are analysed, and the trends that have occurred over the past five years are identified. The place of Ukraine in the structure of EU foreign trade is considered. It is revealed that the foreign trade turnover between Ukraine and the EU is affected by the war. The main problems that hinder Ukraine‘s integration into the EU trade system are summarised and recommendations for their solution are provided.
{"title":"Foreign Trade Between Ukraine and the EU","authors":"Yanina Belinska, O. Shevchuk","doi":"10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article examines the trends in the development of trade relations between Ukraine and the EU. The positive changes that have taken place in European-Ukrainian relations in recent years are outlined. The dynamics and structure of exports and imports of goods and services are analysed, and the trends that have occurred over the past five years are identified. The place of Ukraine in the structure of EU foreign trade is considered. It is revealed that the foreign trade turnover between Ukraine and the EU is affected by the war. The main problems that hinder Ukraine‘s integration into the EU trade system are summarised and recommendations for their solution are provided.","PeriodicalId":344446,"journal":{"name":"Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124034626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the Visegrad countries, online sales increased generally by double-digit growth in the last 5 years. The research examines how the changing processes affected by the pandemic and consequently the macroeconomic environments and the distributors were confined because of the restrictions and lockdown of borders. It is observed that many traders moved toward the direct-to-consumer (DTC) strategy, so one of the research questions is how consumers could use the Internet for satysfing their needs. The pandemic has accelerated the changes in the value chains, and distribution channels, so the paper analyses how companies transformed their commercial models to omnichannel form. One of the other research questions is to determine the strength of the relationship between e-commerce’s gaining ground and the pandemic restriction in Visegrad countries. The role of innovation in the commercial branch, which have resulted in a more effective way, particularly disruptive technologies is stressed.
{"title":"New Trends of Omnichannel Operation in Retail Trade in the Visegrad Countries","authors":"T. Kozák, Gabriella Soós, G. Neszmélyi","doi":"10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the Visegrad countries, online sales increased generally by double-digit growth in the last 5 years. The research examines how the changing processes affected by the pandemic and consequently the macroeconomic environments and the distributors were confined because of the restrictions and lockdown of borders. It is observed that many traders moved toward the direct-to-consumer (DTC) strategy, so one of the research questions is how consumers could use the Internet for satysfing their needs. The pandemic has accelerated the changes in the value chains, and distribution channels, so the paper analyses how companies transformed their commercial models to omnichannel form. One of the other research questions is to determine the strength of the relationship between e-commerce’s gaining ground and the pandemic restriction in Visegrad countries. The role of innovation in the commercial branch, which have resulted in a more effective way, particularly disruptive technologies is stressed.","PeriodicalId":344446,"journal":{"name":"Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development","volume":"160 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114097076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Road traffic is a sub-sector, which has implications for almost all economic activity through transportation, and directly affects the economy and social processes of a region or country. The conscious and sustainable accessibility of the capital and county seats is particularly important in terms of goods distribution, labour mobility and access to services. Necessary research was conducted using Google Maps’ 2022 summer data and Hansen‘s gravity model. The study identifies county seats that require development and facilitates the mapping of regional relationships between the capital and the county seats.
{"title":"Achieving Sustainable Transportation from the Perspective of Road Accessibility and Regional Correlations of County Seats in Hungary","authors":"Áron Kovács, T. Tóth, H. Nagy, I. Lévai","doi":"10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Road traffic is a sub-sector, which has implications for almost all economic activity through transportation, and directly affects the economy and social processes of a region or country. The conscious and sustainable accessibility of the capital and county seats is particularly important in terms of goods distribution, labour mobility and access to services. Necessary research was conducted using Google Maps’ 2022 summer data and Hansen‘s gravity model. The study identifies county seats that require development and facilitates the mapping of regional relationships between the capital and the county seats.","PeriodicalId":344446,"journal":{"name":"Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117063818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the presented paper, we evaluated the quality of work and the economics of use of irrigation system consisting of micro-sprinklers. The experiment took place on the football field in countryside of southwest Slovakia. The original irrigation system was replaced with a modern one, using a control unit, rainfall sensor, in-ground distribution pipes and micro-sprinklers. The irrigation system consisted of components forming the main and detailed irrigation equipment for irrigating an area of 4,272 m2. The water source was a drilled well with a depth of 80 m. Detailed irrigation equipment consisted of sector micro sprinklers of two types. We monitored 13 rotary micro-sprinklers on the given playground in total. During the measurements, we proceeded according to the international standard ISO 7749-2, while the rain measuring containers were distributed into eight beams. The value of the quality of the work of individual sprinklers, expressed by the coefficient of uniformity of spraying, reached a maximum of 78.18%, but with total coverage it was higher than 90%. Anova statistical analysis did not show a significant dependence of the quality of work on the type of micro-sprinkler (for micro-sprinklers A1, A2 A3: F = 2.95, P >0.05; for micro-sprinklers B, C: F = 0.35, P >0.05). From the viewpoint of evaluating the economic return, the investment proved to return within the period of 4.2 years.
摘要本文对由微型喷灌装置组成的灌溉系统的工作质量和使用经济性进行了评价。实验在斯洛伐克西南部农村的足球场进行。原来的灌溉系统被一个现代化的灌溉系统所取代，该系统使用了一个控制单元、降雨传感器、地下分配管道和微型洒水装置。灌溉系统由主要和详细的灌溉设备组成，灌溉面积为4272平方米。水源为一口井，井深80 m。详细的灌溉设备包括两种类型的扇形微型洒水器。我们在给定的操场上总共监控了13个旋转微型洒水装置。在测量过程中，我们按照国际标准ISO 7749-2进行，而测雨容器分布在8个梁中。以喷淋均匀度系数表示的单个喷头工作质量值最高可达78.18%，但总覆盖率均高于90%。方差分析未显示工作质量与微型喷头类型有显著相关性(对于微型喷头A1、A2、A3: F = 2.95, P >0.05;微型喷头B、C: F = 0.35, P >0.05)。从经济回报评价的角度来看，投资在4.2年的时间内证明了回报。
{"title":"Application and Efficiency of Micro Sprinkler Irrigation","authors":"J. Jobbágy, Matúš Bulla, Tatiana Bullová","doi":"10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the presented paper, we evaluated the quality of work and the economics of use of irrigation system consisting of micro-sprinklers. The experiment took place on the football field in countryside of southwest Slovakia. The original irrigation system was replaced with a modern one, using a control unit, rainfall sensor, in-ground distribution pipes and micro-sprinklers. The irrigation system consisted of components forming the main and detailed irrigation equipment for irrigating an area of 4,272 m2. The water source was a drilled well with a depth of 80 m. Detailed irrigation equipment consisted of sector micro sprinklers of two types. We monitored 13 rotary micro-sprinklers on the given playground in total. During the measurements, we proceeded according to the international standard ISO 7749-2, while the rain measuring containers were distributed into eight beams. The value of the quality of the work of individual sprinklers, expressed by the coefficient of uniformity of spraying, reached a maximum of 78.18%, but with total coverage it was higher than 90%. Anova statistical analysis did not show a significant dependence of the quality of work on the type of micro-sprinkler (for micro-sprinklers A1, A2 A3: F = 2.95, P >0.05; for micro-sprinklers B, C: F = 0.35, P >0.05). From the viewpoint of evaluating the economic return, the investment proved to return within the period of 4.2 years.","PeriodicalId":344446,"journal":{"name":"Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development","volume":"IM-30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126622816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justice Mensah, G. Awabil, A. Graham, Aba Nyameyie Mensah
Abstract In consonance with the universal quest for sustainable development, the United Nations (UN) declared 17 global goals in 2015 known as the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Scholarly literature has highlighted the relevance of trees and forests (TFs) to this quest from various perspectives. However, the perspectives appear elitist, as they tend to exclude those of some seemingly ordinary but actually crucial actors whose activities directly affect the growth, health, and population of TFs, namely small-scale farmers, chainsaw operators, and artisanal miners operating particularly in rural areas in developing countries. The study examined the excluded perspectives of the said actors in selected rural comminutes in Ghana on the relevance of TFs to SD. The study was guided by the SDGs in its data collection, analysis, and reporting approach. Focus group discussions were held with the farmers and miners, while in-depth interviews were held with the chainsaw operators. The actors‘ perspectives generally indicated that TFs were relevant to seven, not relevant to six, and somehow relevant to four of the 17 SDGs. Although the actors saw TFs as important for SD, they (actors) were not favourably disposed to tree-planting for purposes of land restoration because they saw TFs as renewable resources with natural regenerative capacity. Stronger advocacy and more intensive sensitization by the central and local governments, forestry commission, and other pro-environmental organisations, institutions, and agencies on the importance of growing, nurturing, and conserving TFS for SD are recommended. Furthermore, the government should enforce regulations to stop the destruction of TFs by the actors to ensure a sustainable green environment for sustainable development.
{"title":"Relevance of Trees and Forests to Sustainable Development: Perspectives of Key Rural Actors in Selected Communities, Ghana","authors":"Justice Mensah, G. Awabil, A. Graham, Aba Nyameyie Mensah","doi":"10.2478/vjbsd-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In consonance with the universal quest for sustainable development, the United Nations (UN) declared 17 global goals in 2015 known as the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Scholarly literature has highlighted the relevance of trees and forests (TFs) to this quest from various perspectives. However, the perspectives appear elitist, as they tend to exclude those of some seemingly ordinary but actually crucial actors whose activities directly affect the growth, health, and population of TFs, namely small-scale farmers, chainsaw operators, and artisanal miners operating particularly in rural areas in developing countries. The study examined the excluded perspectives of the said actors in selected rural comminutes in Ghana on the relevance of TFs to SD. The study was guided by the SDGs in its data collection, analysis, and reporting approach. Focus group discussions were held with the farmers and miners, while in-depth interviews were held with the chainsaw operators. The actors‘ perspectives generally indicated that TFs were relevant to seven, not relevant to six, and somehow relevant to four of the 17 SDGs. Although the actors saw TFs as important for SD, they (actors) were not favourably disposed to tree-planting for purposes of land restoration because they saw TFs as renewable resources with natural regenerative capacity. Stronger advocacy and more intensive sensitization by the central and local governments, forestry commission, and other pro-environmental organisations, institutions, and agencies on the importance of growing, nurturing, and conserving TFS for SD are recommended. Furthermore, the government should enforce regulations to stop the destruction of TFs by the actors to ensure a sustainable green environment for sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":344446,"journal":{"name":"Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117011535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jana Ladvenicová, Dominika Čeryová, Zuzana Bajusová
Abstract The cultivation of grapes and the production of grape wine have a long tradition in Slovakia. In the paper, we deal with the analysis of the grape and wine market in Slovakia in the years 2011–2020. Vineyards have approximately 1% representation in agricultural land. The average area of vineyards in the monitored period was at the level of 11,485 ha, of which 80% were fruiting vineyards. Their acreage was mainly comprised of cider varieties (97%) and a small portion of table varieties (2%) and hybrids of all varieties (1%). The production of grapes showed a fluctuating trend, but on average 46,913 t of grapes were produced in Slovakia. The average yield was 5.3 t/ha. The territory of Slovakia is divided into 6 wine-growing regions, the largest being the Malokarpatský region, the average area of which was 4,930 ha, and the smallest region, Tokaj, with an average area of 1,091 ha. On average, 340,000 hl of wine were produced in Slovakia, of which 67% was white wine production. Imports exceeded exports of wine. The number of winemakers as well as traders with wine products is growing from year to year.
{"title":"Analysis of the Grape and Wine Market in Slovakia","authors":"Jana Ladvenicová, Dominika Čeryová, Zuzana Bajusová","doi":"10.2478/vjbsd-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The cultivation of grapes and the production of grape wine have a long tradition in Slovakia. In the paper, we deal with the analysis of the grape and wine market in Slovakia in the years 2011–2020. Vineyards have approximately 1% representation in agricultural land. The average area of vineyards in the monitored period was at the level of 11,485 ha, of which 80% were fruiting vineyards. Their acreage was mainly comprised of cider varieties (97%) and a small portion of table varieties (2%) and hybrids of all varieties (1%). The production of grapes showed a fluctuating trend, but on average 46,913 t of grapes were produced in Slovakia. The average yield was 5.3 t/ha. The territory of Slovakia is divided into 6 wine-growing regions, the largest being the Malokarpatský region, the average area of which was 4,930 ha, and the smallest region, Tokaj, with an average area of 1,091 ha. On average, 340,000 hl of wine were produced in Slovakia, of which 67% was white wine production. Imports exceeded exports of wine. The number of winemakers as well as traders with wine products is growing from year to year.","PeriodicalId":344446,"journal":{"name":"Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132469376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study examines the evolution of poverty and social exclusion in post-socialist countries, in particular in Hungary. When examing the fight against poverty, the authors examine the role of social enterprises in poverty alleviation. A certain part of social enterprises is created to find solutions to social needs and critical social situations like increased and deep poverty or long-term unemployment. Their existence is justified by the fact that for many social problems, effective and long-term solutions cannot be provided by the governments, the market or public aid. We test whether there is any relationship between the extent of poverty and social exclusion and the spatial pattern of social enterprises established to alleviate poverty in Hungary, one of the post-socialist countries.
{"title":"Social Enterprises in the Fight Against Poverty","authors":"Eszter Siposné Nándori, K. Lipták","doi":"10.2478/vjbsd-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study examines the evolution of poverty and social exclusion in post-socialist countries, in particular in Hungary. When examing the fight against poverty, the authors examine the role of social enterprises in poverty alleviation. A certain part of social enterprises is created to find solutions to social needs and critical social situations like increased and deep poverty or long-term unemployment. Their existence is justified by the fact that for many social problems, effective and long-term solutions cannot be provided by the governments, the market or public aid. We test whether there is any relationship between the extent of poverty and social exclusion and the spatial pattern of social enterprises established to alleviate poverty in Hungary, one of the post-socialist countries.","PeriodicalId":344446,"journal":{"name":"Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126843000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The present paper analyses the relationship between farm incomes and farm involvement in agritourism activities in four countries of the Visegrád Group (V4) in comparison to the European Union. The analysis is based on the Farm Accountancy Data Network database of the EU for 2004–2020, and applies descriptive statistics, correlations, and multivariate panel regression analysis. Results show that the larger share of agritourism within gross farm income is associated with lower family farm income per family worker, and this is particularly true for larger farms. This means that in area of the Visegrád Group agritourism is more important in farms with worse profitability and more in need of additional incomes while in the rest of the EU countries an opposite tendency prevails. The paper empirically assesses a rather long time period, focusing on the four countries of the Visegrád Group compared to the rest of the EU member states and it measures the impact of agritourism revenues on various measures of farm income. Agritourism profitability has been assessed by hundreds of papers but the present paper compares agritourism profitability to that of traditional agriculture, and assesses a much longer time period than earlier research.
{"title":"Impacts of Agritourism Revenues on Farm Incomes in 2004–2020 – The V4 Experience","authors":"Z. Bacsi, Péter Szálteleki","doi":"10.2478/vjbsd-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present paper analyses the relationship between farm incomes and farm involvement in agritourism activities in four countries of the Visegrád Group (V4) in comparison to the European Union. The analysis is based on the Farm Accountancy Data Network database of the EU for 2004–2020, and applies descriptive statistics, correlations, and multivariate panel regression analysis. Results show that the larger share of agritourism within gross farm income is associated with lower family farm income per family worker, and this is particularly true for larger farms. This means that in area of the Visegrád Group agritourism is more important in farms with worse profitability and more in need of additional incomes while in the rest of the EU countries an opposite tendency prevails. The paper empirically assesses a rather long time period, focusing on the four countries of the Visegrád Group compared to the rest of the EU member states and it measures the impact of agritourism revenues on various measures of farm income. Agritourism profitability has been assessed by hundreds of papers but the present paper compares agritourism profitability to that of traditional agriculture, and assesses a much longer time period than earlier research.","PeriodicalId":344446,"journal":{"name":"Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123609425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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