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The Case Study of Canvas Model of Rubber Tire Recycling in Turkey 土耳其橡胶轮胎回收的帆布模式案例研究
Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0008
Deniz Horuz, Selim Çörekçioğlu
Abstract Nowadays, problems related to waste tires are increasing. The worn-out vehicle tires are abundant, together with worthless waste. Besides, it causes environmental pollution and it harms human health. Nowadays, too many car tires are being produced and the old tires are beginning to become a problem. The old tires can be decomposed or burned to get energy or heat. One of the most effective ways to get rid of these problems is to recycle the waste tires and use them in a different area. In this paper, the study was based on basic information about the waste tires and its recycling technologies. Based on this study, the canvas model has been created to show how to run a business with recycling the worn-out tires.
如今,与废旧轮胎相关的问题越来越多。破损的汽车轮胎很多,还有一些毫无价值的废物。此外,它造成环境污染,危害人体健康。如今,生产了太多的汽车轮胎,旧轮胎开始成为一个问题。旧轮胎可以分解或燃烧以获得能量或热量。解决这些问题最有效的方法之一是回收废旧轮胎并将其用于不同的领域。本文以废旧轮胎的基本信息及其回收利用技术为基础进行了研究。在此研究的基础上,我们创建了帆布模型来展示如何经营一个回收废旧轮胎的业务。
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引用次数: 0
Soil as an Irreplaceable Production Factor Under Conditions of Slovak Republic 斯洛伐克共和国条件下土壤作为不可替代的生产要素
Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0009
Zuzana Bajusová, Jana Ladvenicová, Dominika Čeryová, Tatiana Bullová
Abstract The economic theory distinguishes mainly three production factors, namely labour, soil, and capital. Soil, as a product of nature, is not a free good – its amount is not unlimited. It can be used for agricultural purposes, as energy and non-energy source, and for minerals. Soil is one of the factors of production and at the same time the most important natural resource. We have used three indicators, namely the degree of plowing, the degree of agricultural use and area of agricultural and arable land per capita. The result of the work was the finding that in the observed period (10 years), the area of agricultural and arable land in Slovakia is decreasing. To improve the situation in agriculture, the following could be done: merging fragmented land into larger units, changes in the system of inheritance or a change in allocation of subsidies. Especially the inhabitants of the territory should support the state buy buying on the domestic market and supporting domestic production.
经济理论主要区分三种生产要素,即劳动、土壤和资本。土壤,作为自然的产物,不是免费的商品——它的数量不是无限的。它可以用于农业目的,作为能源和非能源,以及矿物。土壤是生产要素之一,也是最重要的自然资源。我们使用了三个指标,即耕作程度、农业利用程度和人均农耕地面积。这项工作的结果是,在观察期间(10年),斯洛伐克的农业和耕地面积正在减少。为了改善农业的情况,可以采取下列措施:将分散的土地合并为较大的土地,改变继承制度或改变补贴的分配。特别是领土上的居民应该支持国家在国内市场上购买和支持国内生产。
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引用次数: 0
Conservation of Forest, Based on a Fuelwood Substitute as Well as Considering the Cultural and Spiritual Values: An Optimal Fuelwood Harvest Model 基于薪柴替代品并考虑文化和精神价值的森林保护:一种最优薪柴收获模式
Pub Date : 2020-10-20 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-93345/v1
Polash Banerjee
Abstract Excessive fuelwood harvest is a major cause of deforestation in developing countries. To mitigate this, various preventive measures have been introduced in different countries. The availability of affordable substitutes to the community dependent on the forest for domestic energy consumption may prevent further forest degradation. A stock-dependent optimal control model of fuelwood harvest from a natural forest is presented here and comparative statics has been used to show that the presence of a fuelwood substitute will reduce its harvest and increase the forest stock. The model indicates that the availability of cheaper and high-energy content alternatives for fuelwood can substantially reduce fuelwood extraction from a forest. Also, a lower discount rate and higher cultural and spiritual values (CSV) will keep the optimal forest stock close to its carrying capacity and reduce fuelwood harvest. The model reveals that the maximum sustainable yield of forest stock and the ratio of energy content per unit mass of fuel plays a central role in the fate of forest stock and the level of fuelwood harvest. An empirical example of the Southeast Asian Forest growth model along with Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a substitute has been used to illustrate the results. The outcomes of this study can be incorporated into forest conservation policies.
过度采伐薪材是发展中国家森林砍伐的主要原因。为了减轻这种情况,不同国家采取了各种预防措施。对依赖森林的社区提供负担得起的替代品以供其家庭能源消费,可能会防止森林进一步退化。本文提出了一个依赖于原生林薪材采伐的最优控制模型,并利用比较静力分析表明,替代薪材的存在会减少其采伐量,增加森林蓄积量。该模型表明,廉价和高能量的薪材替代品可以大大减少从森林中提取薪材。此外,较低的贴现率和较高的文化和精神价值(CSV)将使最佳森林蓄积量接近其承载能力,并减少薪材采伐。该模型表明,森林资源的最大可持续产量和单位质量燃料的能量含量比对森林资源的命运和薪材采伐水平起着核心作用。本文以以液化石油气(LPG)替代的东南亚森林生长模型为例,对结果进行了实证分析。这项研究的结果可以纳入森林保护政策。
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引用次数: 1
Challenges for the Visegrad Group – The Coronavirus Crises and its Impact on Tourism 维谢格拉德集团面临的挑战——冠状病毒危机及其对旅游业的影响
Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0006
Gabriela Antošová, M. Vogl, Melissa Schraud
Abstract This paper aims to analyze the regional cooperation which ensures stability and good relations to neighbours and other V4 countries and helps to enforce collaborations across Europe in many fields such as education, tourism and economic development. Another field of activity of the Visegrad Group is a joint positioning in international tourism which will be addressed in this article on the background of the current coronavirus crisis. The empirical part consists of a SWOT analysis for Visegrad group challenges and a PASTA Analysis with which the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the tourism industry in the V4 countries are researched. Lastly, recommendations for possible further actions in times of the coronavirus will be given, and potential future collaborations with the WB6 and EaP countries, also with regard to tourism, will be dealt with briefly. This article summarizes aspects related to tourism market, transport, cultural offer, economy, industry, and environment. The particular focus is also paid to political, economic, sociological, technological, legal and environmental factors of the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and Slovakia and how the current coronavirus and the resulting measures against the spread of it affects the tourism industry in the Visegrad Group countries.
本文旨在分析区域合作,以确保稳定和与邻国和其他V4国家的良好关系,并有助于加强整个欧洲在教育,旅游和经济发展等许多领域的合作。维谢格拉德集团的另一个活动领域是国际旅游业的联合定位,本文将在当前冠状病毒危机的背景下讨论。实证部分包括针对维谢格拉德集团挑战的SWOT分析和PASTA分析,研究冠状病毒大流行对V4国家旅游业的影响。最后,将就疫情期间可能采取的进一步行动提出建议,并简要讨论未来可能与世界六十国集团和东亚经合组织国家开展的合作,以及在旅游业方面的合作。本文对旅游市场、交通、文化、经济、产业、环境等方面进行了综述。还特别关注捷克共和国、波兰、匈牙利和斯洛伐克的政治、经济、社会、技术、法律和环境因素,以及当前的冠状病毒及其传播措施如何影响维谢格拉德集团国家的旅游业。
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引用次数: 5
Strategic Priorities for the Use of Biomass in the Energy Supply System of Ukraine 在乌克兰能源供应系统中使用生物质的战略优先事项
Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0005
Olha Myronivna Varchenko, Drahan Oksana Oleksandrivna, Y. Halchynska, K. Tkachenko, V. Byba, N. Svynous
Abstract The economic feasibility of the use of agricultural biomass in the energy supply system of Ukraine is investigated in the article. It has been determined that biomass of agricultural origin (cereal straw and rapeseed, by-products of corn for grain and sunflower, sunflower husk) remains the main component of biomass energy potential in Ukraine. It is established that the bioenergy potential of agricultural biomass is an efficient and affordable additional source of energy supply for Ukraine. According to the research, the potential of the bioenergy market was attributed to the great potential of biomass, the large stock of unused land that could be used for growing energy crops from the marketing side, it is also important to note the low competition in the industry. However, imperfect state policy on bioenergy development, outdated equipment, uncoordinated rules for selling electricity from biomass in the electricity market – all this suggests that the industry needs increased investment, borrowing experience from European countries for further development. It is proved that the political and economic situation in the country remains very difficult and unpredictable not only for the bioenergy industry, but for the country as a whole.
摘要本文对乌克兰能源供应系统中使用农业生物质的经济可行性进行了研究。已经确定,农业来源的生物质(谷物秸秆和油菜籽,谷物和向日葵玉米的副产品,向日葵皮)仍然是乌克兰生物质能源潜力的主要组成部分。可以确定的是,农业生物质的生物能源潜力是乌克兰有效和负担得起的额外能源供应来源。根据研究,生物能源市场的潜力归因于生物质的巨大潜力,从营销方面来看,大量未使用的土地可用于种植能源作物,同样重要的是要注意该行业的低竞争。然而,不完善的国家生物质能发展政策、过时的设备、在电力市场上出售生物质能电力的不协调规则——所有这些都表明,该行业需要增加投资,借鉴欧洲国家的经验以进一步发展。事实证明,不仅对生物能源产业,而且对整个国家来说,该国的政治和经济形势仍然非常困难和不可预测。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency and Sustainability Questions of the Agricultural Production in Kosovo 科索沃农业生产的效率和可持续性问题
Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0001
F. Shaqiri, Laszlo Vasa
Abstract The paper focuses on comparing the economic features of the EU-28 and agricultural industry of Kosovo and also economic and agricultural conditions with some neighbouring countries based on the statistical analyses in the period of 2012 and 2016. Generally, it can be declared that in Kosovo the employment in agriculture is at a very highly level accompanied with less developed machinery level, in spite of the inflation rate at a low level with high portion of the agricultural land of total land area compared to the cases of other neighbouring countries. The international competitiveness of farmers needs for developing the mechanization is accompanied with increasing subsidies for farmers. The lack of capital, less educated and skilled employees in agricultural industry result into some economic difficulties for the further prosperity of the sector in Kosovo. The possible solutions for the agricultural industry in Kosovo are developing the mechanization, common selling-purchasing of farmers, more activities in agricultural services, secondary activities, increasing the subsidies for farmers, attracting farmers for food manufacturing industries, extending the agricultural advisory network and creation of better credit conditions for farmers.
摘要:本文通过对2012年至2016年欧盟28国经济特征和科索沃农业的统计分析,比较了科索沃与周边国家的经济和农业状况。总的来说,可以宣布,尽管与其他邻国相比,科索沃的通货膨胀率很低,农业用地占总土地面积的比例很高,但农业就业水平非常高,机械水平也不发达。提高农民的国际竞争力是发展机械化的需要,同时也伴随着对农民补贴的增加。由于缺乏资金,农业中受教育程度和熟练程度较低的雇员给科索沃农业部门的进一步繁荣造成了一些经济困难。科索沃农业的可能解决办法是发展机械化、农民的共同买卖、更多的农业服务活动、二级活动、增加对农民的补贴、吸引农民从事食品制造业、扩大农业咨询网络和为农民创造更好的信贷条件。
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引用次数: 2
Use of Wastes of the Livestock Industry as a Possibility for Increasing the Efficiency of AIC and Replenishing the Energy Balance 利用畜牧业废弃物作为提高AIC效率和补充能量平衡的可能
Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0002
I. Honcharuk
Abstract There are several reasons for the economic and social necessity in forming and developing the biofuels market of Ukraine, starting with energy security considerations, diversification of national production, support of innovations and ending with economic and social efficiency of biofuels market development on the basis of high motivation for the agrarian sector growth, positive social bias towards rural population growth and environmental security through renewable energy. The immediate prospect of energy autonomy for agro-industrial production should be based on efficient production and use of biomass. At present, biomass is the fourth largest fuel in the world, producing about 2 billion tonnes of conventional fuels per year, which is about 14% of the world’s total primary energy consumption. In some countries, this figure is even higher, but in Ukraine it still does not exceed 3%. This will help Ukraine reduce its dependence on energy imports, halt its transformation into a raw material appendage, and enable processing of such a large-scale resource while obtaining hundreds of thousands of jobs, income for the citizens and for the state budget. At this stage of state development, biofuel production is one of the determining catalysts for new global trends in Ukraine’s agro-industrial complex that will contribute to its sustainable development.
在乌克兰形成和发展生物燃料市场的经济和社会必要性有几个原因,从能源安全考虑开始,国家生产多样化,支持创新,并在农业部门增长的高动机的基础上,以生物燃料市场发展的经济和社会效率结束,积极的社会偏见对农村人口增长和环境安全通过可再生能源。农业工业生产能源自主的近期前景应以有效生产和利用生物质为基础。目前,生物质能是世界第四大燃料,每年生产约20亿吨常规燃料,约占世界一次能源消费总量的14%。在一些国家,这个数字甚至更高,但在乌克兰,它仍然不超过3%。这将有助于乌克兰减少对能源进口的依赖,停止向原材料附属国的转变,并在为公民和国家预算获得数十万个就业机会、收入的同时,使乌克兰能够加工如此大规模的资源。在国家发展的这个阶段,生物燃料生产是乌克兰农业工业综合体全球新趋势的决定性催化剂之一,将有助于其可持续发展。
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引用次数: 6
Multivariate Model for the Usage of Renewable Energies in a Rural Area 农村地区可再生能源利用的多元模型
Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0004
Bernadett Nagy, B. Kovács, Á. Csuvár, A. Titov
Abstract Within Hungary, the Koppányvölgye rural area was chosen due to its unique natural circumstances with its broad green nature, concerning the inhabitants’ habit for the usage and knowledge of renewable energy for residential heating. Through quota-based sampling method we collected the demographic, social and economic variables to examine their level of influence on wood for residential heating usage. We received the Likert scale values through the questionnaire, which had to be recoded for the binomial logistic regression model that we chose to use because of the indicator variable’s trait, and in aim to examine the explanatory variables’ significance. As a result, for the wood indicator variable, the age of the respondent turned out to be a significant variable, the higher age compared to lower age is a chance decreasing category for wood usage, employed compared to unemployed increased the likelihood, thereby rejected the energy ladder phenomenon, as well as more people in one household increased the chance for wood usage. The higher education, environmental awareness and insulation level of a house turned out to be non-significant for wood usage. Therefore, we strengthened those statements from the earlier studies, that in this rural region, the change of the residential heating technology is more likely to be supply driven than demand driven.
在匈牙利,Koppányvölgye农村地区因其独特的自然环境和广阔的绿色自然而被选中,涉及居民使用可再生能源用于住宅供暖的习惯和知识。通过基于配额的抽样方法,我们收集了人口、社会和经济变量,以检验它们对住宅供暖使用木材的影响程度。我们通过问卷获得Likert量表值,由于指标变量的特性,我们选择使用二项逻辑回归模型,需要对其进行重新编码,目的是检验解释变量的显著性。因此,对于木材指标变量,被调查者的年龄被证明是一个显著的变量,较高的年龄相比于较低的年龄是木材使用的机会减少类别,就业相比于失业增加了可能性,从而拒绝了能源阶梯现象,以及一个家庭中更多的人增加了木材使用的机会。高等教育程度、环保意识和房屋的绝缘水平对木材的使用没有显著影响。因此,我们加强了早期研究的陈述,即在该农村地区,住宅供暖技术的变化更可能是供应驱动而不是需求驱动。
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of Income on the Consumption Expenditures 收入对消费支出的影响
Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0003
E. Hošková, M. Richter, I. Zentková
Abstract The contribution aims to identify the influence of income on Slovak household expenditures. Analyses are querying from the household income and expenditures data in the Slovak Republic during the period 2004–2018. The data source is the Statistical Office of The Slovak Republic. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis are used. The analysis of the goods and services expenditures reveals the major share of the expenditures is expended for the non-durable goods. The non-durable goods expenditures of the pensioners are 72% of their total consumption expenditures. Expenditures of employees, self-employees and other households for the non-durable goods present more than a half of their total expenditures. The share of services expenditures is also considerable. It is varying above 30% for all households kinds. The income influence on the household expenditures is analyzed using Engel’s expenditures functions which are used as the basis for the income elasticities of household expenditures. The analysis results are pointing to the fact that the less elastic on the income change is the reaction of the Slovak household expenditures on non-durable goods. A significant reaction on the income change is observed in household durable goods expenditures.
摘要贡献旨在确定收入对斯洛伐克家庭支出的影响。对斯洛伐克共和国2004-2018年期间的家庭收入和支出数据进行了分析。数据来源为斯洛伐克共和国统计局。采用描述性统计和回归分析。对商品和服务支出的分析表明,支出的主要份额用于非耐用品。养老金领取者的非耐用品支出占其总消费支出的72%。雇员、自营职业者和其他家庭的非耐用品支出占其总支出的一半以上。服务支出的份额也相当可观。所有家庭的比例都在30%以上。利用恩格尔支出函数分析了收入对家庭支出的影响,恩格尔支出函数作为家庭支出收入弹性的基础。分析结果表明,收入变化的弹性较小是斯洛伐克家庭在非耐用品上支出的反应。家庭耐用品支出对收入变化的影响显著。
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引用次数: 0
Fish and Seafood Market Research in Ukraine 乌克兰鱼类和海鲜市场研究
Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjbsd-2019-0015
I. Korman, A. Revutska, Y. Tsymbalyuk
Abstract A systematic analysis of the volumes of fish and seafood production in Ukraine and European countries is conducted, the issue of the ratio of import and export of fishery products in Ukraine is highlighted. It is shown that the fish and seafood market of Ukraine is far from being saturated, but also even from the minimum satisfaction of the domestic needs of the country’s population. The average annual consumption of fish and seafood in Ukraine is much lower than the world average. The main supply of fishery products in the domestic market is provided by imported supplies, which is about 75% of domestic consumption. The expediency of using the European experience, in particular regarding the use of the principles of the Common Fisheries Policy, is outlined.
摘要对乌克兰和欧洲国家的鱼类和海鲜产量进行了系统的分析,突出了乌克兰渔业产品进出口比例的问题。这表明,乌克兰的鱼类和海鲜市场远未饱和,甚至还未达到满足该国人口国内需求的最低限度。乌克兰鱼和海鲜的年平均消费量远低于世界平均水平。国内市场的渔业产品主要由进口供应,约占国内消费的75%。概述了利用欧洲经验,特别是关于使用共同渔业政策原则的经验的权宜之计。
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引用次数: 0
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Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development
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