Pub Date : 2019-09-10DOI: 10.31857/s0869-5873899958-958
A. Sergeev, А М Сергеев, N. Dolgushkin, Н К Долгушкин
On amendments to the resolution of the general meeting of members of the RAS dated March 20, 2017 No. 12 “On approval of the list of wound and section wards included in the branches of the RAS”
{"title":"On amendments to the resolution of the general meeting of members of the RAS dated March 20, 2017 No. 12 “On approval of the list of wound and section wards included in the branches of the RAS”","authors":"A. Sergeev, А М Сергеев, N. Dolgushkin, Н К Долгушкин","doi":"10.31857/s0869-5873899958-958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873899958-958","url":null,"abstract":"On amendments to the resolution of the general meeting of members of the RAS dated March 20, 2017 No. 12 “On approval of the list of wound and section wards included in the branches of the RAS”","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116976079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-10DOI: 10.31857/s0869-5873899948-956
A. Kaprin, Андрей Каприн, A. Rudskoy, Андрей Иванович Рудской, A. Smirnov, Александр Владимирович Смирнов, I. Donnik, Ирина Донник, V. Kalinushkin, В П Калинушкин, V. V. Aboneev, Василий Васильевич Абонеев, I. A. Scherbakov, И А Щербаков, V. Rubakov, Валерий Анатольевич Рубаков, M. Ugryumov, М В Угрюмов, V. Davydov, Владимир Михайлович Давыдов, A. Dmitrievskiy, Анатолий Николаевич Дмитриевский
Speeches by the participants of the general meeting of the RAS members
评审委员会会员大会参加者致辞全文
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Pub Date : 2019-09-10DOI: 10.31857/s0869-5873899898-900
V. Nikonov, В А Никонов
Speech by the chairman of the committee on education and science of the state duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation V.A. Nikonov
俄罗斯联邦议会国家杜马教育和科学委员会主席V.A.尼科诺夫的讲话
{"title":"Speech by the chairman of the committee on education and science of the state duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation V.A. Nikonov","authors":"V. Nikonov, В А Никонов","doi":"10.31857/s0869-5873899898-900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873899898-900","url":null,"abstract":"Speech by the chairman of the committee on education and science of the state duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation V.A. Nikonov","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115024556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-10DOI: 10.31857/s0869-5873899946-947
V. Charushin, Валерий Николаевич Чарушин
Speech by the chairman of the Ural branch of the RAS, RAS academician V.N. Charushin
俄新社乌拉尔分会主席、俄新社院士V.N.查鲁申发表讲话
{"title":"Speech by the chairman of the Ural branch of the RAS, RAS academician V.N. Charushin","authors":"V. Charushin, Валерий Николаевич Чарушин","doi":"10.31857/s0869-5873899946-947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873899946-947","url":null,"abstract":"Speech by the chairman of the Ural branch of the RAS, RAS academician V.N. Charushin","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130518500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.31857/S0869-5873898820-830
Y. Mokhnacheva, V. Tsvetkova
This article presents the results of a study on the representation of Russian publications in the global array of publications that discuss narrow thematic areas within the entire post-Soviet period, using ranking distributions from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC). For extraction and analysis, the classifiers provided by the WoS categories were used. Of the 252 subject categories in the WoS CC, the share of Russian publications for 2010–2017 was not less than 0.4% of the global flow in 132 scientific areas. Therefore, in the period 1993–2000, a gradual recovery was found of Russia’s lost position in the world ranking of countries by number of publications in the WoS CC. Currently, positive changes have been observed both for the entire array of Russian publications in particular in narrow scientific topics. The highest-ranking position for Russian publications fell in 1993–1999, and the greatest decline, when the share of Russian publications fell to their minimum values, was in 2011–2014. Data on the scientific areas in which Russia managed to stay in the top 10 leading countries during its recent history, according to share of publications in the global array, are presented. This list slightly expanded from 2010 to 2017, and today, it includes 39 areas in which Russia is in the top 10 countries, and it is among the five leading countries in eight areas of knowledge.
本文采用Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC)的排名分布，介绍了一项关于俄罗斯出版物在讨论整个后苏联时期狭窄专题领域的全球出版物中的代表性的研究结果。使用WoS分类器提供的分类器进行提取和分析。在WoS CC的252个学科类别中，2010-2017年俄罗斯在132个科学领域的出版物份额不低于全球流量的0.4%。因此，在1993-2000年期间，俄罗斯在WoS CC中出版物数量的世界排名中逐渐恢复了失去的地位。目前，俄罗斯出版物的整个系列都出现了积极的变化，特别是在狭窄的科学主题方面。俄罗斯出版物的最高排名在1993-1999年下降，最大的下降发生在2011-2014年，俄罗斯出版物的份额降至最低值。根据在全球阵列的出版物份额，介绍了俄罗斯在其近期历史中设法保持前10名领先国家的科学领域的数据。从2010年到2017年，这份名单略有扩大，今天，它包括了39个领域，俄罗斯进入了前10名，在8个知识领域进入了前5名。
{"title":"Russia in the world array of scientific publications","authors":"Y. Mokhnacheva, V. Tsvetkova","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873898820-830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873898820-830","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of a study on the representation of Russian publications in the global array of publications that discuss narrow thematic areas within the entire post-Soviet period, using ranking distributions from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC). For extraction and analysis, the classifiers provided by the WoS categories were used. Of the 252 subject categories in the WoS CC, the share of Russian publications for 2010–2017 was not less than 0.4% of the global flow in 132 scientific areas. Therefore, in the period 1993–2000, a gradual recovery was found of Russia’s lost position in the world ranking of countries by number of publications in the WoS CC. Currently, positive changes have been observed both for the entire array of Russian publications in particular in narrow scientific topics. The highest-ranking position for Russian publications fell in 1993–1999, and the greatest decline, when the share of Russian publications fell to their minimum values, was in 2011–2014. Data on the scientific areas in which Russia managed to stay in the top 10 leading countries during its recent history, according to share of publications in the global array, are presented. This list slightly expanded from 2010 to 2017, and today, it includes 39 areas in which Russia is in the top 10 countries, and it is among the five leading countries in eight areas of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122699257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.31857/S0869-5873898777-799
B. Shustov
During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, space hazards multiplied, the most urgent of which is space debris. Professionals working in space are exposed to this hazard daily and are aware of it as a problem. Furthermore, increasing attention is being paid to the unpredictable behavior of the Sun, which produces the so-called space weather. The asteroid-comet hazard is considered as potentially having the most catastrophic consequences. No manifestations of biological hazard have yet been observed, although as space activities develop, it is becoming increasingly important. The appropriate time scale for astrophysical hazards is many millions of years, so from a practical perspective, they have no importance. This article briefly describes the main types of space hazards. The author analyzes the results of research and practical work in the field, both worldwide and specifically in Russia. Comparative analysis leads to the clear conclusion that a national program must be developed for the study of space hazards and to respond to space threats. This article is based on a report made by the author at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on January 15, 2019.
{"title":"The role of science in the study of and response to space threats","authors":"B. Shustov","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873898777-799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873898777-799","url":null,"abstract":"During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, space hazards multiplied, the most urgent of which is space debris. Professionals working in space are exposed to this hazard daily and are aware of it as a problem. Furthermore, increasing attention is being paid to the unpredictable behavior of the Sun, which produces the so-called space weather. The asteroid-comet hazard is considered as potentially having the most catastrophic consequences. No manifestations of biological hazard have yet been observed, although as space activities develop, it is becoming increasingly important. The appropriate time scale for astrophysical hazards is many millions of years, so from a practical perspective, they have no importance. This article briefly describes the main types of space hazards. The author analyzes the results of research and practical work in the field, both worldwide and specifically in Russia. Comparative analysis leads to the clear conclusion that a national program must be developed for the study of space hazards and to respond to space threats. This article is based on a report made by the author at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on January 15, 2019.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130882996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.31857/S0869-5873898860-873
A. Nozdrachev, А Д Ноздрачёв, M. Paltsev, М А Пальцев
This essay on the outstanding Russian educator, natural scientist, and physiologist Ivan M. Sechenov, the founder of the Russian physiological school, is being published for the 190th anniversary of his birth. It reviews the major parts of the scientific and pedagogical activity of Sechenov’s work on his life path. His scientific achievements involved a wide range of physiological problems, including respiratory, metabolic, and neuromuscular physiology. Sechenov’s greatest contributions were made in the study of the central nervous system, where he made the fundamental discoveries that form the basis of the study of all forms of brain activity. His scientific achievements received worldwide appreciation and laid the foundation for neurophysiology, neuroendocrinology, narcology, biophysics, comparative and evolutionary physiology, and the use of natural science in psychology. His name has been immortalized in the hearts and minds of many.
为纪念俄罗斯生理学学派的创始人、杰出的教育家、自然科学家、生理学家伊万·谢切诺夫(Ivan M. Sechenov)诞辰190周年，出版了这篇文章。它回顾了谢切诺夫在他的人生道路上的科学和教学活动的主要部分。他的科学成就涉及广泛的生理问题，包括呼吸、代谢和神经肌肉生理学。谢切诺夫最大的贡献是对中枢神经系统的研究，他在中枢神经系统中做出的基础性发现，为研究所有形式的大脑活动奠定了基础。他的科学成就受到全世界的赞赏，并为神经生理学、神经内分泌学、麻醉学、生物物理学、比较和进化生理学以及自然科学在心理学中的应用奠定了基础。他的名字在许多人的心中永垂不朽。
{"title":"The founder of russian physiology \u0000To the 190th anniversary of the birth of Ivan M. Sechenov","authors":"A. Nozdrachev, А Д Ноздрачёв, M. Paltsev, М А Пальцев","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873898860-873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873898860-873","url":null,"abstract":"This essay on the outstanding Russian educator, natural scientist, and physiologist Ivan M. Sechenov, the founder of the Russian physiological school, is being published for the 190th anniversary of his birth. It reviews the major parts of the scientific and pedagogical activity of Sechenov’s work on his life path. His scientific achievements involved a wide range of physiological problems, including respiratory, metabolic, and neuromuscular physiology. Sechenov’s greatest contributions were made in the study of the central nervous system, where he made the fundamental discoveries that form the basis of the study of all forms of brain activity. His scientific achievements received worldwide appreciation and laid the foundation for neurophysiology, neuroendocrinology, narcology, biophysics, comparative and evolutionary physiology, and the use of natural science in psychology. His name has been immortalized in the hearts and minds of many.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"9 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116700283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.31857/S0869-5873898831-843
V. Zelentsov, Вячеслав Алексеевич Зеленцов, A. Alabyan, А.М. Алабян, I. Krylenko, И.Н. Крыленко, L. Y. Pimanov, И Ю Пиманов, M. Ponomarenko, М Р Пономаренко, S. Potryasaev, Семен Алексеевич Потрясаев, A. Semenov, Александр Васильевич Семёнов, V. Sobolevsky, В А Соболевский, B. Sokolov, Борис Владимирович Соколов, R. Yusupov, Рафаэль Мидхатович Юсупов
This article presents the results of the development and testing of a system for operational forecasting of river flooding. This system is based on the use of a complex of hydrological and hydrodynamic models and in-situ and satellite data. It is implemented on the basis of service-oriented architecture. A distinctive feature of the system is its full automation of the entire modeling cycle, from the initial data loading to the results of interpretation, visualization, and notification of stakeholders. The theoretical background for ensuring the coordinated functioning of system components is provided by the qualimetry of the models and polymodel complexes that have been developed by the authors. The implementation of the system’s software was performed using open source and free tools. The results of testing indicate the possibility of the widespread introduction of such systems for authorities and emergency services.
{"title":"Model-driven system for operational forecasting of river flooding","authors":"V. Zelentsov, Вячеслав Алексеевич Зеленцов, A. Alabyan, А.М. Алабян, I. Krylenko, И.Н. Крыленко, L. Y. Pimanov, И Ю Пиманов, M. Ponomarenko, М Р Пономаренко, S. Potryasaev, Семен Алексеевич Потрясаев, A. Semenov, Александр Васильевич Семёнов, V. Sobolevsky, В А Соболевский, B. Sokolov, Борис Владимирович Соколов, R. Yusupov, Рафаэль Мидхатович Юсупов","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873898831-843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873898831-843","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of the development and testing of a system for operational forecasting of river flooding. This system is based on the use of a complex of hydrological and hydrodynamic models and in-situ and satellite data. It is implemented on the basis of service-oriented architecture. A distinctive feature of the system is its full automation of the entire modeling cycle, from the initial data loading to the results of interpretation, visualization, and notification of stakeholders. The theoretical background for ensuring the coordinated functioning of system components is provided by the qualimetry of the models and polymodel complexes that have been developed by the authors. The implementation of the system’s software was performed using open source and free tools. The results of testing indicate the possibility of the widespread introduction of such systems for authorities and emergency services.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133530487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.31857/S0869-5873898844-850
O. Bukharin, О. В. Бухарин
The relationship of humans and microbes is an eternal topic. Do microbes bring any benefits or only harm? As years pass, new microbiological technologies appear, new facts regarding the coexistence of microbes and human are discovered, and new understanding of our life together with microbes is achieved. The mechanisms of the host’s natural defenses from infection are considered in this article, with three participants of this chain examined in particular: the hypothalamic-pituitary system, oxytocin, and microbiota. Outwardly, these structures are independent of each other: the central switchboard that provides the universal regulation of our behavior, decision-making, and health is the human brain. It regulates the work of the main vital organs through the production of the neurohormone oxytocin, and it was recently discovered that intestinal microflora (microbiota) participates in this regulation. Thus, the loop is closed, and the question arises: do microbes really control us? Let us examine this more closely.
{"title":"Mechanisms of the natural defenses of hosts to infection","authors":"O. Bukharin, О. В. Бухарин","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873898844-850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873898844-850","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship of humans and microbes is an eternal topic. Do microbes bring any benefits or only harm? As years pass, new microbiological technologies appear, new facts regarding the coexistence of microbes and human are discovered, and new understanding of our life together with microbes is achieved. The mechanisms of the host’s natural defenses from infection are considered in this article, with three participants of this chain examined in particular: the hypothalamic-pituitary system, oxytocin, and microbiota. Outwardly, these structures are independent of each other: the central switchboard that provides the universal regulation of our behavior, decision-making, and health is the human brain. It regulates the work of the main vital organs through the production of the neurohormone oxytocin, and it was recently discovered that intestinal microflora (microbiota) participates in this regulation. Thus, the loop is closed, and the question arises: do microbes really control us? Let us examine this more closely.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121938921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.31857/S0869-5873898811-819
S. Gorokhov, С.А. Горохов
It has been established that the formation and development of a confessional space, influenced by competition between religions, are cyclical. Due to the weakening of the monopoly and growth of religious competition, once-prevailing religions begin to lose their position either to another religion (the R-cycle of religious competition) or to secular ideologies (such as social secularization, the S-cycle, or political secularization, the SP-cycle), a hallmark of the 19th–21st centuries. Moreover, the research revealed long inter-cycle stages in religious saturation. All three types of cycles are non-periodical. The S- and SP-cycles are also intermittent and reversible, and they may proceed in parallel with each other and with R-cycles. The diffusion of these cycles is wave-like but differentiated within the confessional space structure: the occurrence of the R-cycle is confined to countries and their administrative–territorial units, while the SP-cycle appears in world macro-regions, and the S-cycle does not appear to be constrained.
{"title":"Cyclical movement of religions: from unity to... unity","authors":"S. Gorokhov, С.А. Горохов","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873898811-819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873898811-819","url":null,"abstract":"It has been established that the formation and development of a confessional space, influenced by competition between religions, are cyclical. Due to the weakening of the monopoly and growth of religious competition, once-prevailing religions begin to lose their position either to another religion (the R-cycle of religious competition) or to secular ideologies (such as social secularization, the S-cycle, or political secularization, the SP-cycle), a hallmark of the 19th–21st centuries. Moreover, the research revealed long inter-cycle stages in religious saturation. All three types of cycles are non-periodical. The S- and SP-cycles are also intermittent and reversible, and they may proceed in parallel with each other and with R-cycles. The diffusion of these cycles is wave-like but differentiated within the confessional space structure: the occurrence of the R-cycle is confined to countries and their administrative–territorial units, while the SP-cycle appears in world macro-regions, and the S-cycle does not appear to be constrained.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115207935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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