S. Ong, Hiroki Yamamoto, K. Saeki, Yuiko Tanaka, R. Yoshitake, R. Nishimura, T. Nakagawa
Numerous topoisomerase inhibitors with proven efficacy have been used extensively to treat various human neoplasms. However, among these, only doxorubicin has been used and studied extensively in veterinary oncology. The current study was performed to evaluate the responsiveness of canine osteosarcoma (cOSA), mammary gland tumour (cMGT), and malignant melanoma (cMM) cell lines to several topoisomerase inhibitors. In addition, the correlation between the sensitivity to treatment and multi-drug resistant (MDR) factors was investigated. cOSA cell lines exhibited higher sensitivity than cMGT and cMM cell lines to all the topoisomerase inhibitors tested in vitro; this was associated with the levels of multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) gene expression in the cOSA cell lines. Treatment of cOSA (HMPOS) and cMGT cell line (CHMp) xenograft mouse models with etoposide markedly delayed tumour progression in HMPOS xenografts, but failed to elicit lasting anti-tumour effects on CHMp xenograft mice. The present findings suggest that MDR1 represents a molecular signature for prediction of treatment efficacy of topoisomerase inhibitors, especially that of etoposide, which may be a clinically useful anti-tumour agent for cOSA; however, further study is necessary to refine the treatment protocol.
{"title":"Anti-neoplastic effects of topoisomerase inhibitors in canine mammary carcinoma, melanoma, and osteosarcoma cell lines.","authors":"S. Ong, Hiroki Yamamoto, K. Saeki, Yuiko Tanaka, R. Yoshitake, R. Nishimura, T. Nakagawa","doi":"10.14943/JJVR.65.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JJVR.65.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous topoisomerase inhibitors with proven efficacy have been used extensively to treat various human neoplasms. However, among these, only doxorubicin has been used and studied extensively in veterinary oncology. The current study was performed to evaluate the responsiveness of canine osteosarcoma (cOSA), mammary gland tumour (cMGT), and malignant melanoma (cMM) cell lines to several topoisomerase inhibitors. In addition, the correlation between the sensitivity to treatment and multi-drug resistant (MDR) factors was investigated. cOSA cell lines exhibited higher sensitivity than cMGT and cMM cell lines to all the topoisomerase inhibitors tested in vitro; this was associated with the levels of multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) gene expression in the cOSA cell lines. Treatment of cOSA (HMPOS) and cMGT cell line (CHMp) xenograft mouse models with etoposide markedly delayed tumour progression in HMPOS xenografts, but failed to elicit lasting anti-tumour effects on CHMp xenograft mice. The present findings suggest that MDR1 represents a molecular signature for prediction of treatment efficacy of topoisomerase inhibitors, especially that of etoposide, which may be a clinically useful anti-tumour agent for cOSA; however, further study is necessary to refine the treatment protocol.","PeriodicalId":344589,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese journal of veterinary research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121139967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monica Gatti, Roberto Wurth, G. Vito, A. Pattarozzi, C. Campanella, S. Thellung, L. Maniscalco, R. De Maria, V. Villa, A. Corsaro, M. Nizzari, A. Bajetto, A. Ratto, A. Ferrari, F. Barbieri, T. Florio
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small subpopulation of cells responsible for tumor formation and progression, drug resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasization. CSCs have been identified in many human tumors including osteosarcoma (OSA). CSC distinctive properties are the expression of stem cell markers, sustained growth, self-renewal and tumorigenicity. Here we report the isolation of stem-like cells from two canine OSA cultures, characterized by self-renewal, evaluated by sphere formation ability, differential marker expression, and in vitro proliferation when cultured in a medium containing EGF and bFGF. Current therapies for OSA increased survival time, but prognosis remains poor, due to the development of drug resistance and metastases. Chemotherapy shrinks the tumor mass but CSCs remain unaffected, leading to tumor recurrence. Metformin, a drug for type 2 diabetes, has been shown to possess antitumor properties affecting CSC survival in different human and animal cancers. Here we show that metformin has a significant antiproliferative effect on canine OSA stem-like cells, validating this in vitro model for further pre-clinical drug evaluations. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining CSC-enriched cultures from primary canine OSA cells as a promising model for biological and pharmacological studies of canine and human OSAs.
{"title":"Canine osteosarcoma cell lines contain stem-like cancer cells: biological and pharmacological characterization.","authors":"Monica Gatti, Roberto Wurth, G. Vito, A. Pattarozzi, C. Campanella, S. Thellung, L. Maniscalco, R. De Maria, V. Villa, A. Corsaro, M. Nizzari, A. Bajetto, A. Ratto, A. Ferrari, F. Barbieri, T. Florio","doi":"10.14943/JJVR.64.2.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JJVR.64.2.101","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small subpopulation of cells responsible for tumor formation and progression, drug resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasization. CSCs have been identified in many human tumors including osteosarcoma (OSA). CSC distinctive properties are the expression of stem cell markers, sustained growth, self-renewal and tumorigenicity. Here we report the isolation of stem-like cells from two canine OSA cultures, characterized by self-renewal, evaluated by sphere formation ability, differential marker expression, and in vitro proliferation when cultured in a medium containing EGF and bFGF. Current therapies for OSA increased survival time, but prognosis remains poor, due to the development of drug resistance and metastases. Chemotherapy shrinks the tumor mass but CSCs remain unaffected, leading to tumor recurrence. Metformin, a drug for type 2 diabetes, has been shown to possess antitumor properties affecting CSC survival in different human and animal cancers. Here we show that metformin has a significant antiproliferative effect on canine OSA stem-like cells, validating this in vitro model for further pre-clinical drug evaluations. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining CSC-enriched cultures from primary canine OSA cells as a promising model for biological and pharmacological studies of canine and human OSAs.","PeriodicalId":344589,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese journal of veterinary research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125172520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Lai, Jui-Te Wu, Wei-Cheng Yang, Ming Chao, H. Nagahata
A two-day-old female Toggenburg goat with thoracic ectopia cordis (EC) was diagnosed via radiography and computed tomography. The goat was born with EC, defects of the sternum and a supra-umbilical abdominal wall, but without the presence of Cantrell's syndrome. Necropsy and histopathological findings indicated the affected kid had malformation of the heart with an enlarged left ventricle. The findings showed the heart (9 x 5 x 5 cm) stayed outside the thorax, and was covered by a semitransparent membrane. This report is the first to describe a case of thoracic EC in a goat whose sternum was not developed fully and was not connected to the ribs. It is also the first paper to describe three-dimensional images of this condition constructed from computed tomography scans.
我们通过x线摄影和计算机断层扫描诊断了一只2天大的雌性Toggenburg山羊胸廓异位(EC)。这只山羊出生时患有EC，胸骨缺陷和脐上腹壁，但没有坎特雷尔综合征的存在。尸检和组织病理学结果表明，受影响的孩子有心脏畸形，左心室增大。结果显示心脏(9 x 5 x 5 cm)位于胸腔外，并被半透明膜覆盖。本报告首次报道了山羊胸骨未发育完全且未与肋骨相连的胸椎EC病例。这也是第一篇描述通过计算机断层扫描构建的这种情况的三维图像的论文。
{"title":"An unusual case of thoracic ectopia cordis in a Toggenburg Goat and its three-dimensional images constructed with X-ray computed tomography.","authors":"J. Lai, Jui-Te Wu, Wei-Cheng Yang, Ming Chao, H. Nagahata","doi":"10.14943/JJVR.64.2.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JJVR.64.2.165","url":null,"abstract":"A two-day-old female Toggenburg goat with thoracic ectopia cordis (EC) was diagnosed via radiography and computed tomography. The goat was born with EC, defects of the sternum and a supra-umbilical abdominal wall, but without the presence of Cantrell's syndrome. Necropsy and histopathological findings indicated the affected kid had malformation of the heart with an enlarged left ventricle. The findings showed the heart (9 x 5 x 5 cm) stayed outside the thorax, and was covered by a semitransparent membrane. This report is the first to describe a case of thoracic EC in a goat whose sternum was not developed fully and was not connected to the ribs. It is also the first paper to describe three-dimensional images of this condition constructed from computed tomography scans.","PeriodicalId":344589,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese journal of veterinary research","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126729953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed F. Abou-Elnaga, Daisuke Torigoe, M. Fouda, R. Darwish, U. Abou-Ismail, M. Morimatsu, T. Agui
Depression is one of the most famous psychiatric disorders in humans in all over the countries and considered a complex neurobehavioral trait and difficult to identify causal genes. Tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) are widely used for assessing depression-like behavior and antidepressant activity in mice. A variety of antidepressant agents are known to reduce immobility time in both TST and FST. To identify genetic determinants of immobility duration in both tests, we analyzed 101 F2 mice from an intercross between C57BL/6 and DBA/2 strains. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping using 106 microsatellite markers revealed three loci (two significant and one suggestive) and five suggestive loci controlling immobility time in the TST and FST, respectively. Results of QTL analysis suggest a broad description of the genetic architecture underlying depression, providing underpinnings for identifying novel molecular targets for antidepressants to clear the complex genetic mechanisms of depressive disorders.
{"title":"Identification of multiple genetic loci in the mouse controlling immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests.","authors":"Ahmed F. Abou-Elnaga, Daisuke Torigoe, M. Fouda, R. Darwish, U. Abou-Ismail, M. Morimatsu, T. Agui","doi":"10.14943/JJVR.63.2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JJVR.63.2.53","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is one of the most famous psychiatric disorders in humans in all over the countries and considered a complex neurobehavioral trait and difficult to identify causal genes. Tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) are widely used for assessing depression-like behavior and antidepressant activity in mice. A variety of antidepressant agents are known to reduce immobility time in both TST and FST. To identify genetic determinants of immobility duration in both tests, we analyzed 101 F2 mice from an intercross between C57BL/6 and DBA/2 strains. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping using 106 microsatellite markers revealed three loci (two significant and one suggestive) and five suggestive loci controlling immobility time in the TST and FST, respectively. Results of QTL analysis suggest a broad description of the genetic architecture underlying depression, providing underpinnings for identifying novel molecular targets for antidepressants to clear the complex genetic mechanisms of depressive disorders.","PeriodicalId":344589,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116483494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.14943/JJVR.63.SUPPL.S1
G. Opsomer
The onset of lactation in modern dairy cows is characterized by a negative energy balance, due to a drastic increase in energy requirements for milk yield and a simultaneous depression in dry matter intake around parturition. Prioritization of milk yield over maternal body functions is a universal biological strategy in all lactating mammals to buffer the newborn's nutrition from fluctuations in the dam's energetic status. Consequently, in case of an energy deficiency, the dam will mobilize fat and protein reserves in order to safeguard milk yield. During decades of one-sided selection for milk yield, man has exploited the cow's potential to prioritize mammary energy supply without an equivalent progress in dry matter intake capacity. Consequently, genetic selection for milk yield has widened the gap between energy expenditure and energy intake, and has increased the cow's inclination to respond to energy deficiencies in the transition period by aggressive body tissue breakdown. Chronically elevated concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies have been demonstrated to affect multiple organ systems including the immune system, the reproductive axis and the liver and are, in contrast to absolute milk yield, closely and consistently related to the final incidence of reproductive disorders.
{"title":"Interaction between metabolic challenges and productivity in high yielding dairy cows.","authors":"G. Opsomer","doi":"10.14943/JJVR.63.SUPPL.S1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JJVR.63.SUPPL.S1","url":null,"abstract":"The onset of lactation in modern dairy cows is characterized by a negative energy balance, due to a drastic increase in energy requirements for milk yield and a simultaneous depression in dry matter intake around parturition. Prioritization of milk yield over maternal body functions is a universal biological strategy in all lactating mammals to buffer the newborn's nutrition from fluctuations in the dam's energetic status. Consequently, in case of an energy deficiency, the dam will mobilize fat and protein reserves in order to safeguard milk yield. During decades of one-sided selection for milk yield, man has exploited the cow's potential to prioritize mammary energy supply without an equivalent progress in dry matter intake capacity. Consequently, genetic selection for milk yield has widened the gap between energy expenditure and energy intake, and has increased the cow's inclination to respond to energy deficiencies in the transition period by aggressive body tissue breakdown. Chronically elevated concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies have been demonstrated to affect multiple organ systems including the immune system, the reproductive axis and the liver and are, in contrast to absolute milk yield, closely and consistently related to the final incidence of reproductive disorders.","PeriodicalId":344589,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese journal of veterinary research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121742340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Teramura, A. Terao, Y. Okada, Junichi Tomida, Y. Okamatsu-Ogura, K. Kimura
The effects of three stressors of different categories, namely cold exposure, immobilization, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, on sympathetic nerve activity were examined by assessing its biochemical index norepinephrine (NE) turnover in peripheral organs of C57BL/6 mice. NE turnover was assessed by measuring the decrease in the organ NE concentration 3 h after inhibition of catecholamine biosynthesis with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. NE turnover in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the room temperature (23 degrees C) control group was as high as that in the cold exposure (4 degrees C) group. Similarly, the mRNA level of the thermogenic marker uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the room temperature control group was as high as that in the cold exposure group. As sympathetic stimulation upregulates the UCP1 mRNA level, we thought that sympathetic nerve tonus in BAT was already accelerated at room temperature. To exclude factors affecting basal sympathetic nerve activity, mice housed at thermoneutral temperature (30 degrees C) were used as controls for the subsequent experiments. In this condition, cold exposure accelerated NE turnover in the BAT, as well as heart and pancreas. The corticosterone level showed a higher trend in the cold exposure group in comparison to the control group. Immobilization accelerated NE turnover in the spleen, pancreas, and white adipose tissue and elevated the corticosterone level. LPS (3 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect NE turnover in all peripheral organs but elevated the corticosterone level. In summary, the sympathetic nervous and adrenocortical responses to three stressors differed greatly. In particular, sympathetic responses showed clear organ-specific acceleration patterns. This important feature may improve our understanding of the multiplicity of biological responses.
{"title":"Organ-specific changes in norepinephrine turnover against various stress conditions in thermoneutral mice.","authors":"Y. Teramura, A. Terao, Y. Okada, Junichi Tomida, Y. Okamatsu-Ogura, K. Kimura","doi":"10.14943/JJVR.62.3.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JJVR.62.3.117","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of three stressors of different categories, namely cold exposure, immobilization, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, on sympathetic nerve activity were examined by assessing its biochemical index norepinephrine (NE) turnover in peripheral organs of C57BL/6 mice. NE turnover was assessed by measuring the decrease in the organ NE concentration 3 h after inhibition of catecholamine biosynthesis with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. NE turnover in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the room temperature (23 degrees C) control group was as high as that in the cold exposure (4 degrees C) group. Similarly, the mRNA level of the thermogenic marker uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the room temperature control group was as high as that in the cold exposure group. As sympathetic stimulation upregulates the UCP1 mRNA level, we thought that sympathetic nerve tonus in BAT was already accelerated at room temperature. To exclude factors affecting basal sympathetic nerve activity, mice housed at thermoneutral temperature (30 degrees C) were used as controls for the subsequent experiments. In this condition, cold exposure accelerated NE turnover in the BAT, as well as heart and pancreas. The corticosterone level showed a higher trend in the cold exposure group in comparison to the control group. Immobilization accelerated NE turnover in the spleen, pancreas, and white adipose tissue and elevated the corticosterone level. LPS (3 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect NE turnover in all peripheral organs but elevated the corticosterone level. In summary, the sympathetic nervous and adrenocortical responses to three stressors differed greatly. In particular, sympathetic responses showed clear organ-specific acceleration patterns. This important feature may improve our understanding of the multiplicity of biological responses.","PeriodicalId":344589,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese journal of veterinary research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128092083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-01DOI: 10.14943/JJVR.61.SUPPL.S1
N. Bashir
{"title":"Plastic problem in Africa.","authors":"N. Bashir","doi":"10.14943/JJVR.61.SUPPL.S1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JJVR.61.SUPPL.S1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344589,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese journal of veterinary research","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129920628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-08-01DOI: 10.14943/JJVR.59.2-3.101
Seitaro Yamada, S. Fukumoto
Green- or brown-striped trematode sporocyst broodsacs typical of Leucochloridium infecting the ocular tentacles of a land snail, Succinea lauta, were collected in Abashiri, Hokkaido in northern Japan (N43 degrees 59', E144 degrees 14') in June of 2000 and 2001. The metacercariae isolated from the sporocyst broodsac were morphologically identified as Leucochloridium spp. (Leucoclhoridiidae Poche). This report is the first to describe evidential specimens of the sporocyst broodsac of the genus Leucochloridium Carus, 1835, infecting the intermediate host in Japan, suggesting that Leucochloridium spp. completes their life cycle in Hokkaido, Japan.
{"title":"Isolation of sporocyst broodsacs of the genus Leucochloridium (Leucochloridiidae: Trematoda) from the intermediate host, Succinea lauta, in Japan.","authors":"Seitaro Yamada, S. Fukumoto","doi":"10.14943/JJVR.59.2-3.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JJVR.59.2-3.101","url":null,"abstract":"Green- or brown-striped trematode sporocyst broodsacs typical of Leucochloridium infecting the ocular tentacles of a land snail, Succinea lauta, were collected in Abashiri, Hokkaido in northern Japan (N43 degrees 59', E144 degrees 14') in June of 2000 and 2001. The metacercariae isolated from the sporocyst broodsac were morphologically identified as Leucochloridium spp. (Leucoclhoridiidae Poche). This report is the first to describe evidential specimens of the sporocyst broodsac of the genus Leucochloridium Carus, 1835, infecting the intermediate host in Japan, suggesting that Leucochloridium spp. completes their life cycle in Hokkaido, Japan.","PeriodicalId":344589,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese journal of veterinary research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121083259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kajihara, K. Matsuno, E. Simulundu, M. Muramatsu, O. Noyori, Rashid Manzoor, E. Nakayama, Manabu Igarashi, Daisuke Tomabechi, R. Yoshida, M. Okamatsu, Y. Sakoda, Kimihito Ito, H. Kida, A. Takada
In 2010, an H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was isolated from feces of apparently healthy ducks migrating southward in Hokkaido, the northernmost prefecture of Japan. The H5N1 HPAIVs were subsequently detected in domestic and wild birds at multiple sites corresponding to the flyway of the waterfowl having stopovers in the Japanese archipelago. The Hokkaido isolate was genetically nearly identical to H5N1 HPAIVs isolated from swans in the spring of 2009 and 2010 in Mongolia, but less pathogenic in experimentally infected ducks than the 2009 Mongolian isolate. These findings suggest that H5N1 HPAIVs with relatively mild pathogenicity might be selected and harbored in the waterfowl population during the 2009-2010 migration seasons. Our data provide "early warning" signals for preparedness against the unprecedented situation in which the waterfowl reservoirs serve as perpetual sources and disseminators of HPAIVs.
{"title":"An H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus that invaded Japan through waterfowl migration.","authors":"M. Kajihara, K. Matsuno, E. Simulundu, M. Muramatsu, O. Noyori, Rashid Manzoor, E. Nakayama, Manabu Igarashi, Daisuke Tomabechi, R. Yoshida, M. Okamatsu, Y. Sakoda, Kimihito Ito, H. Kida, A. Takada","doi":"10.14943/JJVR.59.2-3.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JJVR.59.2-3.89","url":null,"abstract":"In 2010, an H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was isolated from feces of apparently healthy ducks migrating southward in Hokkaido, the northernmost prefecture of Japan. The H5N1 HPAIVs were subsequently detected in domestic and wild birds at multiple sites corresponding to the flyway of the waterfowl having stopovers in the Japanese archipelago. The Hokkaido isolate was genetically nearly identical to H5N1 HPAIVs isolated from swans in the spring of 2009 and 2010 in Mongolia, but less pathogenic in experimentally infected ducks than the 2009 Mongolian isolate. These findings suggest that H5N1 HPAIVs with relatively mild pathogenicity might be selected and harbored in the waterfowl population during the 2009-2010 migration seasons. Our data provide \"early warning\" signals for preparedness against the unprecedented situation in which the waterfowl reservoirs serve as perpetual sources and disseminators of HPAIVs.","PeriodicalId":344589,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese journal of veterinary research","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134049863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficacy of several povidone-iodine (PVP-I) products, a number of other chemical agents, and various physical conditions were evaluated for their ability to inactivate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Treatment of SARS-CoV with PVP-I products for 2 min reduced the virus infectivity from 1.17 x 10(6) TCID50/ml to below the detectable level. The efficacy of 70% ethanol was equivalent to that of PVP-I products. Fixation of SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells with a fixative including formalin, glutaraldehyde, methanol, and acetone for 5 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Heating the virus at 56 degrees C for 5 min dramatically reduced the infectivity of the virus from 2.6 x 10(7) to 40 TCID50/ml, whereas heating the virus for 60 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Irradiation with ultraviolet light at 134 microW/cm2 for 15 min reduced the infectivity from 3.8 x 10(7) to 180 TCID50/ml; however, prolonged irradiation (60 min) failed to eliminate the remaining virus, leaving 18.8 TCID50/ml. We believe that these findings will be useful for the implementation of infection control measures against SARS, and for the establishment of effective guidelines for the prevention of SARS outbreaks.
{"title":"Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions, and chemical reagents.","authors":"H. Kariwa, N. Fujii, I. Takashima","doi":"10.14943/JJVR.52.3.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14943/JJVR.52.3.105","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of several povidone-iodine (PVP-I) products, a number of other chemical agents, and various physical conditions were evaluated for their ability to inactivate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Treatment of SARS-CoV with PVP-I products for 2 min reduced the virus infectivity from 1.17 x 10(6) TCID50/ml to below the detectable level. The efficacy of 70% ethanol was equivalent to that of PVP-I products. Fixation of SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells with a fixative including formalin, glutaraldehyde, methanol, and acetone for 5 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Heating the virus at 56 degrees C for 5 min dramatically reduced the infectivity of the virus from 2.6 x 10(7) to 40 TCID50/ml, whereas heating the virus for 60 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Irradiation with ultraviolet light at 134 microW/cm2 for 15 min reduced the infectivity from 3.8 x 10(7) to 180 TCID50/ml; however, prolonged irradiation (60 min) failed to eliminate the remaining virus, leaving 18.8 TCID50/ml. We believe that these findings will be useful for the implementation of infection control measures against SARS, and for the establishment of effective guidelines for the prevention of SARS outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":344589,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese journal of veterinary research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124880506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：