M. Szustakowski, M. Życzkowski, W. Ciurapinski, M. Karol, M. Kastek, R. Stachowiak, P. Markowski
The article describes the technological solution for ship self-defense against pirate attacks. The paper presents the design solutions in the field of direct physical protection. All the solutions are connected with the latest optoelectronic and microwave systems and sensors to detect, recognize and the threat posed by pirates. In particular, tests of effectiveness and the detection-range of technology demonstrator developed by a team of authors were carried out.
{"title":"Passive automatic anti-piracy defense system of ships","authors":"M. Szustakowski, M. Życzkowski, W. Ciurapinski, M. Karol, M. Kastek, R. Stachowiak, P. Markowski","doi":"10.1117/12.2028731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028731","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the technological solution for ship self-defense against pirate attacks. The paper presents the design solutions in the field of direct physical protection. All the solutions are connected with the latest optoelectronic and microwave systems and sensors to detect, recognize and the threat posed by pirates. In particular, tests of effectiveness and the detection-range of technology demonstrator developed by a team of authors were carried out.","PeriodicalId":344928,"journal":{"name":"Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133132044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The criminality is omnipresent during the human history. Modern technology brings novel opportunities for identification of a perpetrator. One of these opportunities is an analysis of video recordings, which may be taken during the crime itself or before/after the crime. The video analysis can be classed as identification analyses, respectively identification of a person via externals. The bipedal locomotion focuses on human movement on the basis of their anatomical-physiological features. Nowadays, the human gait is tested by many laboratories to learn whether the identification via bipedal locomotion is possible or not. The aim of our study is to use 2D components out of 3D data from the VICON Mocap system for deep statistical analyses. This paper introduces recent results of a fundamental study focused on various gait patterns during different conditions. The study contains data from 12 participants. Curves obtained from these measurements were sorted, averaged and statistically tested to estimate the stability and distinctiveness of this biometrics. Results show satisfactory distinctness of some chosen points, while some do not embody significant difference. However, results presented in this paper are of initial phase of further deeper and more exacting analyses of gait patterns under different conditions.
{"title":"Gait patterns for crime fighting: statistical evaluation","authors":"K. Sulovská, S. Belaskova, M. Adamek","doi":"10.1117/12.2033323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2033323","url":null,"abstract":"The criminality is omnipresent during the human history. Modern technology brings novel opportunities for identification of a perpetrator. One of these opportunities is an analysis of video recordings, which may be taken during the crime itself or before/after the crime. The video analysis can be classed as identification analyses, respectively identification of a person via externals. The bipedal locomotion focuses on human movement on the basis of their anatomical-physiological features. Nowadays, the human gait is tested by many laboratories to learn whether the identification via bipedal locomotion is possible or not. The aim of our study is to use 2D components out of 3D data from the VICON Mocap system for deep statistical analyses. This paper introduces recent results of a fundamental study focused on various gait patterns during different conditions. The study contains data from 12 participants. Curves obtained from these measurements were sorted, averaged and statistically tested to estimate the stability and distinctiveness of this biometrics. Results show satisfactory distinctness of some chosen points, while some do not embody significant difference. However, results presented in this paper are of initial phase of further deeper and more exacting analyses of gait patterns under different conditions.","PeriodicalId":344928,"journal":{"name":"Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133722037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiwan Han, A. Gaszczak, Ryszard Maciol, Stuart Barnes, T. Breckon
We address the challenge of human behaviour analysis within automated image understanding. Whilst prior work concentrates on this task within visible-band (EO) imagery, by contrast we target basic human pose classification in thermal-band (infrared, IR) imagery. By leveraging the key advantages of limb localization this imagery offers we target two distinct human pose classification problems of varying complexity: 1) identifying passive or active individuals within the scene and 2) the identification of individuals potentially carrying weapons. Both approaches use a discrete set of features capturing body pose characteristics from which a range of machine learning techniques are then employed for final classification. Significant success is shown on these challenging tasks over a wide range of environmental conditions within the wider context of automated human target tracking in thermal-band (IR) imagery.
{"title":"Human pose classification within the context of near-IR imagery tracking","authors":"Jiwan Han, A. Gaszczak, Ryszard Maciol, Stuart Barnes, T. Breckon","doi":"10.1117/12.2028375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028375","url":null,"abstract":"We address the challenge of human behaviour analysis within automated image understanding. Whilst prior work concentrates on this task within visible-band (EO) imagery, by contrast we target basic human pose classification in thermal-band (infrared, IR) imagery. By leveraging the key advantages of limb localization this imagery offers we target two distinct human pose classification problems of varying complexity: 1) identifying passive or active individuals within the scene and 2) the identification of individuals potentially carrying weapons. Both approaches use a discrete set of features capturing body pose characteristics from which a range of machine learning techniques are then employed for final classification. Significant success is shown on these challenging tasks over a wide range of environmental conditions within the wider context of automated human target tracking in thermal-band (IR) imagery.","PeriodicalId":344928,"journal":{"name":"Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125309216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hobbs, F. Bastiman, C. H. Tan, J. David, S. Krishna, E. Plis
InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (T2SLs) are attractive due to their potentially low dark currents and high responsivity. These low dark currents arise due to reduced Auger recombination caused by the spatial separation between the electrons and holes. Coupling these two aspects together leads to the potential of high operating temperature and high D*. An additional attraction of T2SLs is their wavelength tunability; the wavelength can be tuned between 3 to 12 μm, making them attractive for the militarily important MWIR and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands. InAs/GaSb T2SLs are traditionally grown upon GaSb substrates due to lattice matching of the type-II material on GaSb. However, GaSb substrates are relatively small and expensive compared with GaAs, leading to increased cost. Additionally, the high absorption coefficient of GaSb requires the substrate to be removed prior to use in FPAs. We present an InAs/GaSb T2SL grown upon a GaAs substrate which operates at room temperature. A room temperature spectral response could be measured for the layer, with responsivity and shot and thermal noise limited specific detectivity (D*) of 0.45 A/W and 8.0x108 cmHz1/2/W, respectively, at a bias voltage of -0.3 V. This uncooled operation D* is the best to date compared with the literature for a p-i-n or n-i-p MWIR structure grown upon a GaAs substrate.
{"title":"Uncooled MWIR InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice grown on a GaAs substrate","authors":"M. Hobbs, F. Bastiman, C. H. Tan, J. David, S. Krishna, E. Plis","doi":"10.1117/12.2031949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2031949","url":null,"abstract":"InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (T2SLs) are attractive due to their potentially low dark currents and high responsivity. These low dark currents arise due to reduced Auger recombination caused by the spatial separation between the electrons and holes. Coupling these two aspects together leads to the potential of high operating temperature and high D*. An additional attraction of T2SLs is their wavelength tunability; the wavelength can be tuned between 3 to 12 μm, making them attractive for the militarily important MWIR and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands. InAs/GaSb T2SLs are traditionally grown upon GaSb substrates due to lattice matching of the type-II material on GaSb. However, GaSb substrates are relatively small and expensive compared with GaAs, leading to increased cost. Additionally, the high absorption coefficient of GaSb requires the substrate to be removed prior to use in FPAs. We present an InAs/GaSb T2SL grown upon a GaAs substrate which operates at room temperature. A room temperature spectral response could be measured for the layer, with responsivity and shot and thermal noise limited specific detectivity (D*) of 0.45 A/W and 8.0x108 cmHz1/2/W, respectively, at a bias voltage of -0.3 V. This uncooled operation D* is the best to date compared with the literature for a p-i-n or n-i-p MWIR structure grown upon a GaAs substrate.","PeriodicalId":344928,"journal":{"name":"Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121552651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose new effective criteria for the detection and identification of substances, including explosives. These criteria are integral criteria on time and they are based on the SDA (Spectral Dynamics Analysis) method. We apply these criteria for the detection of explosive in the most difficult cases of the explosive identification. In the first case, we consider the compound explosive. In the second case we consider the complicated shape of the PWM C4 explosive. In all cases we detect and identify the substance. We developed first version of code for real-time identification of substance.
{"title":"Effective criteria for the identification of substance using the spectral lines dynamics of reflected THz signal","authors":"V. Trofimov, S. A. Varentsova","doi":"10.1117/12.2029005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2029005","url":null,"abstract":"We propose new effective criteria for the detection and identification of substances, including explosives. These criteria are integral criteria on time and they are based on the SDA (Spectral Dynamics Analysis) method. We apply these criteria for the detection of explosive in the most difficult cases of the explosive identification. In the first case, we consider the compound explosive. In the second case we consider the complicated shape of the PWM C4 explosive. In all cases we detect and identify the substance. We developed first version of code for real-time identification of substance.","PeriodicalId":344928,"journal":{"name":"Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115267126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Semiconductor alloys, for example group III metal nitrides and phosphides, such as AxB1-xN or ANxP1−x (where A,B metal atoms: Al, In, Ga) have been materials of interest for optoelectronic applications (light emitting diodes, lasers, detectors) for more then two decades. The potential possibility of tuning (via variation of the composition) of the band-gap and the lattice constant make them particularly attractive. The idea of tuning the band-gap (from infrared to ultraviolet), although simple in principle, requires solving a variety of practical problems, like lattice constants misfit of parent compounds, associated with atom sizes, thermodynamically determined phase segregation, system stability, band-gap bowing, efficiency of radiative transitions etc. The ab initio modeling is of particular importance in the field, since it allows to predict in a purely theoretical way the physical limits for various properties. It also provides a hint in which direction, technologically and experimentally, to proceed. We present the basic ideas behind the ab initio modeling and, as an example, the calculation results of structural, elastic and the electronic properties of chosen alloys are presented.
半导体合金，例如III族金属氮化物和磷化物，如AxB1-xN或ANxP1−x(其中A,B金属原子:Al, In, Ga)已经成为光电应用(发光二极管，激光器，探测器)的兴趣材料超过二十年。带隙和晶格常数的潜在调谐可能性(通过组成的变化)使它们特别有吸引力。调整带隙(从红外线到紫外线)的想法虽然原理简单，但需要解决各种实际问题，如与原子尺寸相关的母化合物的晶格常数不匹配，热力学确定的相偏析，系统稳定性，带隙弯曲，辐射跃迁效率等。从头算建模在该领域特别重要，因为它允许以纯理论的方式预测各种性质的物理极限。它还提供了技术和实验方向的提示。我们介绍了从头开始建模的基本思想，并举例给出了所选合金的结构、弹性和电子性能的计算结果。
{"title":"Semiconductor alloys for optoelectronic applications: ab initio modeling","authors":"P. Scharoch, M. Winiarski, M. Polak","doi":"10.1117/12.2030965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030965","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor alloys, for example group III metal nitrides and phosphides, such as AxB1-xN or ANxP1−x (where A,B metal atoms: Al, In, Ga) have been materials of interest for optoelectronic applications (light emitting diodes, lasers, detectors) for more then two decades. The potential possibility of tuning (via variation of the composition) of the band-gap and the lattice constant make them particularly attractive. The idea of tuning the band-gap (from infrared to ultraviolet), although simple in principle, requires solving a variety of practical problems, like lattice constants misfit of parent compounds, associated with atom sizes, thermodynamically determined phase segregation, system stability, band-gap bowing, efficiency of radiative transitions etc. The ab initio modeling is of particular importance in the field, since it allows to predict in a purely theoretical way the physical limits for various properties. It also provides a hint in which direction, technologically and experimentally, to proceed. We present the basic ideas behind the ab initio modeling and, as an example, the calculation results of structural, elastic and the electronic properties of chosen alloys are presented.","PeriodicalId":344928,"journal":{"name":"Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133207208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photon counting technologies are developed and could be used in the future to measure the return from laser induced fluorescence. Currently, the spectral detection of light emitted by fluorescing aerosols is performed with ICCD, Intensified Charge Coupled Device. The signal to noise ratio of ICCD devices is smaller by a factor of √2compared to photon counting devices having the same sensitivity. We studied the impact of this difference of signal to noise ratio on the capability of multivariate detection and classification algorithms to operate on various conditions. Signal simulations have been performed to obtain ROC (Receiver Operation Characteristics) Curves and Confusion Matrix to obtain the detection performance and the ability of algorithms to discriminate a potential source from another. Two detection algorithms are used, the Integrated Laser Induced Fluorescence(ILIF) and the Matched Filter. For the classification, three algorithms are used, the Adaptive Matched Filter (AMF), the Adaptive Coherent Estimator (ACE) and the Adaptive Least Squares (ALS). The best algorithm for detection is the AMF using the signature of the material present in a cloud, the ILIF detector performs very well. For the classification, the three algorithms are surprisingly giving the same results for the same data. The classification performs better if the distance between the signatures recorded in a database is important. The performance of the detector and of the classificator improves with an increase of the signal to noise ratio and is consistently and significantly better for the photon counting compared to ICCD.
{"title":"Evaluation of adaptive algorithms for detection and classification of fluorescent aerosols in the atmosphere","authors":"P. Lahaie, J. Simard, S. Buteau","doi":"10.1117/12.2028680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028680","url":null,"abstract":"Photon counting technologies are developed and could be used in the future to measure the return from laser induced fluorescence. Currently, the spectral detection of light emitted by fluorescing aerosols is performed with ICCD, Intensified Charge Coupled Device. The signal to noise ratio of ICCD devices is smaller by a factor of √2compared to photon counting devices having the same sensitivity. We studied the impact of this difference of signal to noise ratio on the capability of multivariate detection and classification algorithms to operate on various conditions. Signal simulations have been performed to obtain ROC (Receiver Operation Characteristics) Curves and Confusion Matrix to obtain the detection performance and the ability of algorithms to discriminate a potential source from another. Two detection algorithms are used, the Integrated Laser Induced Fluorescence(ILIF) and the Matched Filter. For the classification, three algorithms are used, the Adaptive Matched Filter (AMF), the Adaptive Coherent Estimator (ACE) and the Adaptive Least Squares (ALS). The best algorithm for detection is the AMF using the signature of the material present in a cloud, the ILIF detector performs very well. For the classification, the three algorithms are surprisingly giving the same results for the same data. The classification performs better if the distance between the signatures recorded in a database is important. The performance of the detector and of the classificator improves with an increase of the signal to noise ratio and is consistently and significantly better for the photon counting compared to ICCD.","PeriodicalId":344928,"journal":{"name":"Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114504910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Vallespi, V. Slezak, A. Peuriot, F. González, Andrea M. Pereyra, G. Santiago
The purpose of this article is to present a sensitive optical system for immediate detection of traces of ammonia by means of photoacoustic spectroscopy and study some properties with both a pulsed CO2 laser (TEA) and a CW CO2 laser. The laser beam is aimed to an innovative dual resonator differential cell, which lowest resonant frequency is the first longitudinal mode at 1205 Hz, filled with a flowing NH3 and N2 mixture. The chosen cell’s material is polypropylene, suitable for reducing the effects of adsorption. As a result of physical adsorption-desorption studies, based on a pulsed CO2 laser, 5 % PA signal decay from an enclosed sample of 248 ppmV of NH3 in N2 is recorded within 1 hour. The setup for CW CO2 laser excitation takes advantage of a differential microphone connected to both resonators by picking up out of phase signals. For this purpose, the beam is modulated at the cell’s resonance by means of a chopper with a special blade which allows both reflection and transmission of the laser beam; the direct and the reflected beam are alternatively aimed to one resonator and the other. The measurements show that for the double resonator configuration a signal increase is achieved, as expected from the study of the sensitivity of both resonators separately, which have been previously characterized. Measurements with this system indicate a limit of detection of 13ppbV at the 10P(32) laser line, deduced from one standard deviation of the PA signal from pure N2.
{"title":"Photoacoustic detection by means of a differential double resonator cell applied to security and defence","authors":"A. Vallespi, V. Slezak, A. Peuriot, F. González, Andrea M. Pereyra, G. Santiago","doi":"10.1117/12.2034482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2034482","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to present a sensitive optical system for immediate detection of traces of ammonia by means of photoacoustic spectroscopy and study some properties with both a pulsed CO2 laser (TEA) and a CW CO2 laser. The laser beam is aimed to an innovative dual resonator differential cell, which lowest resonant frequency is the first longitudinal mode at 1205 Hz, filled with a flowing NH3 and N2 mixture. The chosen cell’s material is polypropylene, suitable for reducing the effects of adsorption. As a result of physical adsorption-desorption studies, based on a pulsed CO2 laser, 5 % PA signal decay from an enclosed sample of 248 ppmV of NH3 in N2 is recorded within 1 hour. The setup for CW CO2 laser excitation takes advantage of a differential microphone connected to both resonators by picking up out of phase signals. For this purpose, the beam is modulated at the cell’s resonance by means of a chopper with a special blade which allows both reflection and transmission of the laser beam; the direct and the reflected beam are alternatively aimed to one resonator and the other. The measurements show that for the double resonator configuration a signal increase is achieved, as expected from the study of the sensitivity of both resonators separately, which have been previously characterized. Measurements with this system indicate a limit of detection of 13ppbV at the 10P(32) laser line, deduced from one standard deviation of the PA signal from pure N2.","PeriodicalId":344928,"journal":{"name":"Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence","volume":"8901 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130404193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanovectors technology is a comprehensive solution, which comprises unique luminescent nanolabels, dedicated equipment for reading of the same and verification algorithms – all devoted for anti-forgery protection of valuable objects. Nanovectors themselves have a complex and unique luminescence spectrum fingerprint resulting from the selection of their composition, type and substrates, which make any attempt to fake the spectral information practically impossible. Nanovectors constitute a special code enabling correct identification only for specified measurement conditions. Moreover, nanovectors may be used for marking of a wide range of products such as documents, ID cards, access cards and employee cards, spare parts, elements of packaging, liquids, greases etc. Either entire volume of objects during their production process, pressing in a specified location of an object after production or unique printing on the object’s surface may be conveniently employed. Nanovectors are most often manufactured as invisible security features and, therefore, special tools are necessary to detect their presence. This work was focused on experimental verification of reproducibility of Nanovectors reading and theoretical estimation of maximal number of distinguishable optical codes, which confirmed the ability to unequivocally design thousands of such spectral fingerprints.
{"title":"Nanovectors as a complex solution for optical securing","authors":"A. Bednarkiewicz, W. Stręk, D. Hreniak","doi":"10.1117/12.2029089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2029089","url":null,"abstract":"Nanovectors technology is a comprehensive solution, which comprises unique luminescent nanolabels, dedicated equipment for reading of the same and verification algorithms – all devoted for anti-forgery protection of valuable objects. Nanovectors themselves have a complex and unique luminescence spectrum fingerprint resulting from the selection of their composition, type and substrates, which make any attempt to fake the spectral information practically impossible. Nanovectors constitute a special code enabling correct identification only for specified measurement conditions. Moreover, nanovectors may be used for marking of a wide range of products such as documents, ID cards, access cards and employee cards, spare parts, elements of packaging, liquids, greases etc. Either entire volume of objects during their production process, pressing in a specified location of an object after production or unique printing on the object’s surface may be conveniently employed. Nanovectors are most often manufactured as invisible security features and, therefore, special tools are necessary to detect their presence. This work was focused on experimental verification of reproducibility of Nanovectors reading and theoretical estimation of maximal number of distinguishable optical codes, which confirmed the ability to unequivocally design thousands of such spectral fingerprints.","PeriodicalId":344928,"journal":{"name":"Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127304871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - was cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) - sea buckthorn extract (SBE) at different concentrations is decribed. The complexes were processed into good optical quality thin films by spin coating on different substrates such as: glass, silica and ITO covered glass substrates. SBE contains many bioactive substances that can be used in the treatment of several diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and acute mountain sickness. The obtained thin films were characterized for their spectroscopic, fluorescent, linear and nonlinear optical properties as function of SBE concentration. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of thin films were determined by the optical third-harmonic generation technique at 1 064.2 nm fundamental wavelength.
{"title":"Preparation, linear and NLO properties of DNA-CTMA-SBE complexes","authors":"A. Manea, I. Rău, F. Kajzar, A. Meghea","doi":"10.1117/12.2029326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2029326","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - was cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) - sea buckthorn extract (SBE) at different concentrations is decribed. The complexes were processed into good optical quality thin films by spin coating on different substrates such as: glass, silica and ITO covered glass substrates. SBE contains many bioactive substances that can be used in the treatment of several diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and acute mountain sickness. The obtained thin films were characterized for their spectroscopic, fluorescent, linear and nonlinear optical properties as function of SBE concentration. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of thin films were determined by the optical third-harmonic generation technique at 1 064.2 nm fundamental wavelength.","PeriodicalId":344928,"journal":{"name":"Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124372641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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