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International Review of Environmental History最新文献

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Hotspots, spillovers and the shifting geopolitics of zoonotic emerging infectious diseases: A commentary 人畜共患新发传染病的热点、溢出和地缘政治的转变:一篇评论
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.08.01.2022.09
G. Mitman
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引用次数: 1
Disease control in China: The curious centrality of evil animals and mass campaigns 中国的疾病控制:邪恶动物和群众运动的奇特中心地位
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.08.01.2022.06
Miriam Gross
This paper explores the Chinese Communist Party's choice to use a unique public health model that combined mass mobilisation campaigns with the effort to eradicate harmful or evil creatures. Mass campaigns created an all-encompassing environment that ensured participation and also functioned well in conditions of administrative and medical scarcity. Within mass campaigns, the Party turned evil animals and eventually evil people into surrogates for the invisible worlds of diseases. This decision allowed the government to conduct campaigns that empowered the people while validating Party efforts at national transformation and scientific uplift at the grassroots level. The choice to substitute the seen for the unseen, however, had definite repercussions, leading to exceptionally arduous and frequently misdirected public health work, environmental damage and devastation for human targets. Despite vast changes in Chinese society in the Reform era (1978 to now) that mainly phased out mass campaigns, the Party nonetheless revitalised them as part of fighting SARS and Covid-19. It appears that Maoist-era strategies have become ritualised as mass performances that act as a social and political panacea: mass effort enacting traditional health activities ensures victory;and the government's decision to conduct mass campaigns signals its serious commitment, which requires and thus legitimates paternalistic and authoritarian control measures to succeed. © 2022 The authors.
本文探讨了中国共产党选择使用一种独特的公共卫生模式,将群众动员运动与根除有害或邪恶生物的努力相结合。群众运动创造了一个包罗万象的环境,确保参与,并在行政和医疗短缺的情况下发挥良好作用。在群众运动中,党把邪恶的动物和最终邪恶的人变成了疾病的无形世界的代理人。这一决定使政府能够开展赋予人民权力的运动,同时也肯定了党在国家转型和基层科学提升方面的努力。然而,用看得见的东西代替看不见的东西的选择产生了明确的影响,导致极其艰巨和经常被误导的公共卫生工作、环境破坏和对人类目标的破坏。尽管改革开放时期(1978年至今)中国社会发生了巨大变化,主要是逐步淘汰了群众运动,但作为抗击SARS和Covid-19的一部分,党仍然重振了群众运动。毛主义时代的策略似乎已成为一种仪式化的大众表演,作为社会和政治的灵丹妙药:大众努力制定传统的卫生活动确保胜利;政府决定开展群众运动表明其严肃的承诺,这需要并因此使家长式和专制控制措施获得成功。©2022作者。
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引用次数: 0
Thinking with ‘dangerous animals’: More-than-human history and SARS-CoV-2 in East Asia 用“危险动物”思考:超越人类的历史和东亚的SARS-CoV-2
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.08.01.2022.05
I. Miller
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引用次数: 0
Agnotology of virology: The origins of Covid-19 and the next zoonotic pandemic 病毒学的考古学:新冠肺炎的起源和下一次人畜共患流行病
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.08.01.2022.08
L. Fearnley
Global pandemic preparedness initiatives rely on a vision of viral discovery-to rapidly detect and respond to emerging viruses, or even predict their future emergence. But despite the fact that the emergence of a coronavirus was accurately predicted, and the new virus was also rapidly detected, viral discovery failed to prevent or contain the Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, I trace the history of the viral discovery paradigm in order to illuminate its 'agnotology'-that is, what is ignored in the production of virological knowledge. I argue that this ignorance is primarily a question of scale: the massive expansion in molecular knowledge of viruses has not been matched by knowledge about the ecology of virus emergence. © 2022 ANU Press. All rights reserved.
全球流行病防范举措依赖于病毒发现的愿景——快速发现和应对新出现的病毒,甚至预测它们未来的出现。但是,尽管准确预测了冠状病毒的出现,也迅速发现了新病毒,但病毒发现未能阻止或控制Covid-19大流行。在本文中,我追溯了病毒发现范式的历史,以阐明其“不可知论”——即在病毒学知识的生产中被忽视的东西。我认为,这种无知主要是一个规模问题:病毒分子知识的大规模扩张,并没有与病毒出现的生态学知识相匹配。©2022澳大利亚国立大学出版社。版权所有。
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引用次数: 1
From Chi-gou 瘈狗 to Chi-bing 瘈病 (From ‘mad dogs’ to rabies): Pastorians and public health in Republican China 来自迟沟瘈狗 致迟冰瘈病 (从“疯狗”到狂犬病):共和党中国的牧师与公共卫生
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.08.01.2022.02
Chien-Ling Liu Zeleny
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引用次数: 1
What have limpets ever done for us? On the past and present provisioning and cultural services of limpets 帽贝为我们做了什么?论帽贝的历史与现状供应及文化服务
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.07.02.2021.01
L. Firth
Limpets are one of the most abundant and familiar rocky shore organisms globally. They are perhaps most famous for their ability to cling onto rocks, but they are also well known for their grazing activity, which has an important structuring function. In contrast to other molluscs, such as oysters and mussels, which are celebrated for their gastronomic and cultural importance, little is known about the provisioning and cultural services of the humble limpet, and they are often referred to as ‘famine food’. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this paper describes the importance of limpets in the diets and cultures of humans globally. Not only were limpets often the dominant shellfish eaten by early modern humans, but also they sustained the poor during times of famine and destitution. Today, they are considered a delicacy in many cultures. They are popular as bait and their shells have been used for a wide variety of uses, including tools, currency, offerings, traditional medicine, jewellery and artworks. They have important spiritual and religious relevance, featuring in myriad traditions, superstitions and folklore. Whilst limpets are not exploited on a global scale, there are many regions where populations are vulnerable to over-exploitation and possible extinction. Appropriate management is required if we are to protect these underappreciated animals. This comprehensive review rectifies the limpet’s reputation as ‘famine food’ and attests to the important role that limpets played in past and present coastal cultural heritage and food culture.
Limpets是全球最丰富和最熟悉的岩石海岸生物之一。它们可能最出名的是能够紧贴岩石,但它们也因其具有重要结构功能的放牧活动而闻名。与牡蛎和贻贝等以其美食和文化重要性而闻名的其他软体动物不同,人们对简陋的帽贝的供应和文化服务知之甚少,它们通常被称为“饥荒食品”。本文采用跨学科的方法,描述了帽贝在全球人类饮食和文化中的重要性。帽贝不仅经常是现代早期人类食用的主要贝类,而且在饥荒和贫困时期,帽贝还能养活穷人。如今,在许多文化中,它们被认为是美味佳肴。它们作为诱饵很受欢迎,它们的外壳被广泛用于各种用途,包括工具、货币、祭品、传统医药、珠宝和艺术品。它们具有重要的精神和宗教相关性,以无数的传统、迷信和民间传说为特色。虽然帽贝没有在全球范围内被开发,但在许多地区,种群容易受到过度开发和可能灭绝的影响。如果我们要保护这些被低估的动物,就需要适当的管理。这篇全面的综述纠正了帽贝“饥荒食物”的名声,并证明了帽贝在过去和现在的沿海文化遗产和饮食文化中发挥的重要作用。
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引用次数: 5
The oldest new woodland on earth: Recognising, mapping, naming and narrating the Great Western Woodlands 地球上最古老的新林地:认识、绘制、命名和叙述西部大林地
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.07.02.2021.05
A. Vlachos, A. Gaynor
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引用次数: 1
Fatal fashions and caring actions: Florence Augusta Merriam Bailey and the rise of avian conservation 致命的时尚和关怀行动:弗洛伦斯·奥古斯塔·梅里亚姆·贝利和鸟类保护的兴起
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.07.02.2021.02
Wieteke A. Holthuijzen
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引用次数: 0
Genealogy of the Soyacene: The tropical bonanza of soya bean farming during the Great Acceleration 大豆族谱:大加速时期的热带大豆种植富矿
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.07.02.2021.03
Claiton Marcio da Silva, Claudio de Majo
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引用次数: 1
Fashioning a future Part II: Romanticism and conservation in the European colonisation of Otago, 1840–60 塑造未来第二部分:1840 - 1860年欧洲殖民奥塔哥的浪漫主义和保护
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.07.02.2021.04
James Beattie
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Review of Environmental History
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