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Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic OCW in UORA UORA中动态开放式学习的深度强化学习
Yong Hu, Zheng Guan, Tianyu Zhou
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access-based Uplink Random Access (OFDMA-UORA) is a significant media access control mechanism in IEEE 802.11ax. An optimized OFDMA random access back-off (OBO) scheme is proposed to improve the performance of both light and heavy load networks. In the process of uplink random access,multiple users compete for multiple channels at the same time and follow an unknown joint Markov model. Users avoid collisions when competing for channels and maximize the throughput of the entire uplink process. The process can be formulated as a partially observable Markov decision process with unknown system dynamics. To this end, we apply the concepts of reinforcement learning and implement a deep q-network (DQN).Based on the original OBO mechanism, the OFDMA contention window size is dynamically decided via a deep reinforcement learning framework. For the proposed Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) solution, we design a discrete action agent that accommodates the contention window size by taking the channel and user state into account, e.g. the number of active users, available resources unit, and retries. Simulation results confirmed the advantages of the proposed scheme in throughput, delay, and access rate. This scheme can therefore be adopted in practical 802.11ax use cases to improve the network performance.
基于正交频分多址的上行随机接入(OFDMA-UORA)是IEEE 802.11ax中重要的媒体访问控制机制。提出了一种优化的OFDMA随机接入回退(OBO)方案,以提高轻负荷和重负荷网络的性能。在上行随机接入过程中,多个用户同时竞争多个信道,并遵循未知联合马尔可夫模型。用户在竞争信道时避免了冲突,最大限度地提高了整个上行过程的吞吐量。这一过程可以被表述为具有未知系统动力学的部分可观察马尔可夫决策过程。为此,我们应用强化学习的概念并实现了一个深度q网络(DQN)。在原有OBO机制的基础上,通过深度强化学习框架动态确定OFDMA争用窗口大小。对于提出的深度强化学习(DRL)解决方案,我们设计了一个离散的动作代理,通过考虑通道和用户状态来适应争用窗口大小,例如活跃用户的数量、可用资源单位和重试次数。仿真结果验证了该方案在吞吐量、时延和访问速率等方面的优势。因此,该方案可以在实际的802.11ax用例中采用,以提高网络性能。
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引用次数: 0
Soil moisture prediction model based on LSTM and Elman neural network 基于LSTM和Elman神经网络的土壤湿度预测模型
Luxia Ai, Xiang Sun, Qianman Zhang, Zhiqing Miao, Guangjie Li, Shaojing Song
China is a large agricultural country, and in the process of agricultural production, it is very important to make accurate prediction of soil moisture. To address the problems of local minimization and slow convergence of traditional BP (back propagation) neural network in the prediction process, this paper combines LSTM (long short-term memory) and Elman neural network with traditional BP neural network model, and proposes a method based on LSTM and Elman neural network for soil moisture prediction. A soil moisture prediction method based on LSTM and Elman neural network is proposed. The prediction model of LSTM and Elman neural network was developed, and the soil moisture of Xilinguole grassland in Inner Mongolia was predicted and experimented. The results show that the accuracy of the model is higher than that of the unoptimized BP neural network. The model is able to reduce the use of moisture sensors significantly, which reduces the cost for agricultural production.
中国是一个农业大国,在农业生产过程中,对土壤湿度进行准确的预测是非常重要的。针对传统BP(反向传播)神经网络在预测过程中存在的局部极小化和收敛缓慢的问题,将LSTM(长短期记忆)和Elman神经网络与传统BP神经网络模型相结合,提出了一种基于LSTM和Elman神经网络的土壤湿度预测方法。提出了一种基于LSTM和Elman神经网络的土壤湿度预测方法。建立了LSTM和Elman神经网络预测模型,对内蒙古锡林郭勒草原土壤水分进行了预测和试验。结果表明,该模型的精度高于未优化的BP神经网络。该模型能够显著减少湿度传感器的使用,从而降低农业生产成本。
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引用次数: 0
Generic O-LLVM Automatic Multi-architecture Deobfuscation Framework Based on Symbolic Execution 基于符号执行的通用O-LLVM自动多架构去混淆框架
Yuhan Li, Bin Wen, Haixiao Zheng
Nowadays, the O-LLVM obfuscation framework makes it difficult to analyze various types of malware. To address this problem, this paper proposes a multi-architecture automated deobfuscation framework GOAMD specifically for O-LLVM obfuscation technology, which can intelligently identify the differences of programs on different architectures and perform targeted deobfuscation work on them. The experimental results show that the framework has high deobfuscation accuracy and portability.
目前,O-LLVM混淆框架使得分析各种类型的恶意软件变得困难。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种针对O-LLVM混淆技术的多架构自动去混淆框架GOAMD,该框架可以智能识别不同架构上的程序差异,并对其进行有针对性的去混淆工作。实验结果表明,该框架具有较高的去混淆精度和可移植性。
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引用次数: 0
A Beamspace-Based Sparse Estimation Method for Array Signal 基于波束空间的阵列信号稀疏估计方法
Rongfeng Li, Xiaonan Xu, Yanyan An
In this paper, the problem of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation with sparse methods for array processing is concerned with the observation domain aspect, and an estimation method named beamspace-based sparse (BSE) is proposed. In BSE method, the beam space energy of the array signal is observed and modeled as the weighted sum of the signal energy of each azimuth beam pattern sequences of the conventional beamforming (CBF). BSE constructs a solution architecture for joint -norm minimization and quadratic constraint linear programming (QCLP) of noise power. Based on the estimation of noise background power under Gaussian noise conditions, a parameter selection method is derived, which can be quickly solved by the convex programming method. BSE has higher azimuth resolution and a lower false alarm rate when compared to sparse estimation methods based on other observation domains. It also performs well in coherent environments.
针对阵列处理中稀疏方法的DOA估计问题,从观测域的角度出发,提出了一种基于波束空间的稀疏估计方法。在BSE方法中,观测阵列信号的波束空间能量,并将其建模为常规波束形成(CBF)中每个方位波束图序列信号能量的加权和。BSE构造了噪声功率联合范数最小化和二次约束线性规划的求解体系。基于高斯噪声条件下噪声背景功率的估计,推导了一种参数选择方法,该方法可以用凸规划方法快速求解。与基于其他观测域的稀疏估计方法相比,BSE具有更高的方位角分辨率和更低的虚警率。它在连贯的环境中也表现良好。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the Application of RTCA/DO-178C in IMA Architecture RTCA/DO-178C在IMA体系结构中的应用研究
Lei Chen, J. Sun, She Jia
With the development of avionics technology, the avionics architectures of aircraft has evolved from distributed analog architectures, to distributed digital architectures, then to federal digital architectures, and finally to integrated modular avionics(IMA) since the 1950s. IMA architecture is widely used in the design of modern commercial aircraft, which can optimize the information processing, communication and other functions of the avionics system, thereby improving the performance of the avionics system and reducing its energy consumption. This essay studies the composition and function of software components under the IMA framework, the method for determining the development assurance level (DAL) of each airborne software item, and forms a strategy for classifying airborne software based on DO-178C per DAL. Then identifies the technical concerns of different types of software in DO-178C application, establishes the IMA airborne software development process model and objective compliance verification model. The study results provide technical support for the development process assurance of airborne software under the IMA architecture.
随着航空电子技术的发展,飞机的航空电子结构经历了从分布式模拟体系结构到分布式数字体系结构,再到联邦数字体系结构,最后到20世纪50年代以来的集成模块化航空电子系统(IMA)。IMA架构广泛应用于现代商用飞机的设计中,可以对航电系统的信息处理、通信等功能进行优化,从而提高航电系统的性能,降低航电系统的能耗。本文研究了IMA框架下软件组件的组成和功能,确定各机载软件项目开发保证等级(DAL)的方法,形成了基于DO-178C的机载软件开发保证等级分级策略。然后识别了DO-178C应用中不同类型软件的技术关注点,建立了IMA机载软件开发过程模型和客观符合性验证模型。研究结果为IMA架构下机载软件的开发过程保证提供了技术支持。
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引用次数: 0
An improved hybrid regularization approach for extreme learning machine 一种改进的极限学习机混合正则化方法
Liangjuan Zhou, Wei Miao
Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a network model that arbitrarily initializes the first hidden layer and can be computed speedily. In order to improve the classification performance of ELM, a ℓ2 and ℓ0.5 regularization ELM model (ℓ2-ℓ0.5-ELM) is proposed in this paper. An iterative optimization algorithm of the fixed point contraction mapping is applied to solve the ℓ2-ℓ0.5-ELM model. The convergence and sparsity of the proposed method are discussed and analyzed under reasonable assumptions. The performance of the proposed ℓ2-ℓ0.5-ELM method is compared with BP, SVM, ELM, ℓ0.5-ELM, ℓ1-ELM, ℓ2-ELM and ℓ2-ℓ1ELM, the results show that the prediction accuracy, sparsity, and stability of the ℓ2-ℓ0.5-ELM are better than the other 7 models.
极限学习机(Extreme learning machine, ELM)是一种可以任意初始化第一隐层的网络模型,可以快速计算。为了提高ELM的分类性能,本文提出了一种l2和0.5正则化ELM模型(l2 - 0.5-ELM)。采用不动点收缩映射的迭代优化算法求解了2- 0.5-ELM模型。在合理的假设条件下,讨论并分析了该方法的收敛性和稀疏性。将该方法与BP、SVM、ELM、0.5-ELM、1-ELM、2-ELM和2- 1ELM进行了性能比较,结果表明,2- 0.5-ELM的预测精度、稀疏性和稳定性均优于其他7种模型。
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引用次数: 0
Load prediction optimization based on machine learning in cloud computing environment 云计算环境下基于机器学习的负荷预测优化
Guozheng Feng, Jianbo Xu, Wei Jian, Zhang Liu
The load prediction of host resources is a key issue to enhance the cloud computing aid allocation system. With the change of cloud computing resource load displaying extra and extra complicated characteristics, traditional prediction algorithms can solely predict the linear traits of data, and it is tough to precisely predict useful resource usage. In order to enhance the forecasting accuracy of the model, a blended load forecasting algorithm based totally on machine learning is proposed. The machine learning prediction model can nicely match the nonlinear traits of the data. The linear phase of the algorithm makes use of ARIMA prediction, and the nonlinear section makes use of particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize LSTM prediction. Then, the optimal least squares method is used to redistribute the prediction error weights of the autoregressive differential moving average model (ARIMA) and the long-term and short-term memory network models (LSTM), and finally the prediction results are output. The comparison experiment is carried out with the open actual load data set. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the weight redistribution combination model is significantly higher than that of other traditional prediction models and machine learning prediction models when the prediction time efficiency is similar, and the real-time prediction error of resource load in cloud environment is significantly reduced.
主机资源的负载预测是增强云计算辅助分配系统的关键问题。随着云计算资源负载的变化呈现出额外和额外复杂的特征,传统的预测算法只能预测数据的线性特征,难以准确预测有用资源的使用情况。为了提高模型的预测精度,提出了一种完全基于机器学习的混合负荷预测算法。机器学习预测模型可以很好地匹配数据的非线性特征。算法的线性阶段采用ARIMA预测,非线性部分采用粒子群优化算法对LSTM预测进行优化。然后,利用最优最小二乘法对自回归微分移动平均模型(ARIMA)和长短期记忆网络模型(LSTM)的预测误差权重进行重分布,最后输出预测结果。并与开放的实际负荷数据集进行了对比实验。实验结果表明,在预测时间效率相似的情况下,权重再分配组合模型的预测精度明显高于其他传统预测模型和机器学习预测模型,并且显著降低了云环境下资源负载的实时预测误差。
{"title":"Load prediction optimization based on machine learning in cloud computing environment","authors":"Guozheng Feng, Jianbo Xu, Wei Jian, Zhang Liu","doi":"10.1145/3573834.3574511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573834.3574511","url":null,"abstract":"The load prediction of host resources is a key issue to enhance the cloud computing aid allocation system. With the change of cloud computing resource load displaying extra and extra complicated characteristics, traditional prediction algorithms can solely predict the linear traits of data, and it is tough to precisely predict useful resource usage. In order to enhance the forecasting accuracy of the model, a blended load forecasting algorithm based totally on machine learning is proposed. The machine learning prediction model can nicely match the nonlinear traits of the data. The linear phase of the algorithm makes use of ARIMA prediction, and the nonlinear section makes use of particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize LSTM prediction. Then, the optimal least squares method is used to redistribute the prediction error weights of the autoregressive differential moving average model (ARIMA) and the long-term and short-term memory network models (LSTM), and finally the prediction results are output. The comparison experiment is carried out with the open actual load data set. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the weight redistribution combination model is significantly higher than that of other traditional prediction models and machine learning prediction models when the prediction time efficiency is similar, and the real-time prediction error of resource load in cloud environment is significantly reduced.","PeriodicalId":345434,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advanced Information Science and System","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131200871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
BOD-tree: An One-Dimensional Balanced Indexing Algorithm bod树:一种一维平衡索引算法
Ruijie Tian, Weishi Zhang, Fei Wang
The rapid growth oftrajectory data has prompted researchers to develop multiple large trajectory data management systems. One of the fundamental requirements of all these systems, regardless of their architecture, is to partition data efficiently between machines. In the typical query operations of tracks, the query on ID is a frequent operation of track query, such as ID time range query, ID space range query, etc. A widely used ID indexing technique is to reuse an existing search tree, such as a Kd-tree, by building a temporary tree for the input samples and using its leaf nodes as partition boundaries. However, we show in this paper that this approach has significant limitations. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new indexing, BOD-tree, which inherits the main features of the Kd-tree and can also partition the dataset into multiple balanced splits. We test the method on real datasets, and extensive experiments show that our algorithm can improve resource usage efficiency.
随着轨道数据的快速增长,研究人员需要开发多种大型轨道数据管理系统。所有这些系统的基本要求之一,无论其架构如何,都是在机器之间有效地划分数据。在典型的曲目查询操作中,对ID的查询是曲目查询中比较频繁的操作,如ID时间范围查询、ID空间范围查询等。一种广泛使用的ID索引技术是通过为输入样本构建临时树并使用其叶节点作为分区边界来重用现有的搜索树,例如kd树。然而,我们在论文中表明,这种方法有明显的局限性。为了克服这些限制,我们提出了一种新的索引,BOD-tree,它继承了Kd-tree的主要特征,并且还可以将数据集划分为多个平衡的分割。我们在实际数据集上进行了测试,大量的实验表明,我们的算法可以提高资源的使用效率。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear multivariate modelling of wetland dynamics 湿地动态的非线性多元模型
Angesh Anupam
Wetlands are very complex yet pivotal ecosystems on Earth. They serve as habitats for various flora and fauna. Alongside, wetlands are crucial for biogeochemical exchange between the Earth’s surface and its atmosphere. A large proportion of organic carbon is sequestered in wetlands and plays a substantial role in the carbon cycle. The planning and management of wetlands depend a lot upon a reliable wetland model. The underlying complex dynamics of wetlands hinder the modelling of wetland extent. This study for the first time considers multivariate nonlinear dynamical system modelling using Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) model class. The data consists of weather variables and wetland fractions for two wetland sites falling under Asia and Africa. The model is simulated using fresh testing data and can predict wetland extent satisfactorily for both sample sites. The accuracy of the models is quantified using Root Mean square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). A transparent NARX structure reveals the dynamical elements for the potential planning and management of wetlands.
湿地是地球上非常复杂但又至关重要的生态系统。它们是各种动植物的栖息地。此外,湿地对地球表面和大气之间的生物地球化学交换至关重要。很大一部分有机碳被封存在湿地中,在碳循环中起着重要作用。湿地的规划和管理在很大程度上取决于一个可靠的湿地模型。湿地潜在的复杂动态阻碍了湿地范围的模拟。本研究首次采用非线性自回归外生输入(NARX)模型类对多变量非线性动力系统进行建模。数据包括亚洲和非洲两个湿地的天气变量和湿地分数。该模型使用最新的测试数据进行了模拟,可以令人满意地预测两个样点的湿地范围。采用均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)对模型的精度进行量化。透明的NARX结构揭示了湿地潜在规划和管理的动态因素。
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引用次数: 0
A Network Traffic Classification Model Based On XGBOOST_RFECV Feature Extraction 基于XGBOOST_RFECV特征提取的网络流量分类模型
Ming Li, Guikai Liu
Network traffic plays a crucial role in the interaction and transfer of information in the network area, which contains a large amount of information with important value. Therefore, network traffic classification is essential for network management, security monitoring and intrusion detection. However, the performance of network traffic classification is greatly affected by the extremely unbalanced datasets which are publicly available. In order to solve the problem of low accuracy of minority class classification. In this paper, we used SMOTEENN as the balanced method and XGBOOST_RFECV was used for feature selection. Subsequently, the neural network model (1DCNN_BiLSTM) was used for training and verification. The experimental results show that this method can effectively solve the problem of imbalanced data category, which has certain reference significance for the research of network traffic classification technology.
网络流量在网络区域的信息交互和传递中起着至关重要的作用,其中包含着大量具有重要价值的信息。因此,网络流分类在网络管理、安全监控和入侵检测中都是必不可少的。然而,网络流分类的性能受到公开的极不平衡的数据集的极大影响。为了解决少数类分类准确率低的问题。本文使用SMOTEENN作为平衡方法,使用XGBOOST_RFECV进行特征选择。随后,使用神经网络模型(1DCNN_BiLSTM)进行训练和验证。实验结果表明,该方法能有效解决数据分类不均衡的问题,对网络流量分类技术的研究具有一定的参考意义。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advanced Information Science and System
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