Sebastian Friston, Ben J. Congdon, David Swapp, Lisa Izzouzi, Klara Brandstätter, Daniel Archer, Otto Olkkonen, Felix J. Thiel, A. Steed
While they have long been a subject of academic study, social virtual reality (SVR) systems are now attracting increasingly large audiences on current consumer virtual reality systems. The design space of SVR systems is very large, and relatively little is known about how these systems should be constructed in order to be usable and efficient. In this paper we present Ubiq, a toolkit that focuses on facilitating the construction of SVR systems. We argue for the design strategy of Ubiq and its scope. Ubiq is built on the Unity platform. It provides core functionality of many SVR systems such as connection management, voice, avatars, etc. However, its design remains easy to extend. We demonstrate examples built on Ubiq and how it has been successfully used in classroom teaching. Ubiq is open source (Apache License) and thus enables several use cases that commercial systems cannot.
{"title":"Ubiq: A System to Build Flexible Social Virtual Reality Experiences","authors":"Sebastian Friston, Ben J. Congdon, David Swapp, Lisa Izzouzi, Klara Brandstätter, Daniel Archer, Otto Olkkonen, Felix J. Thiel, A. Steed","doi":"10.1145/3489849.3489871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489871","url":null,"abstract":"While they have long been a subject of academic study, social virtual reality (SVR) systems are now attracting increasingly large audiences on current consumer virtual reality systems. The design space of SVR systems is very large, and relatively little is known about how these systems should be constructed in order to be usable and efficient. In this paper we present Ubiq, a toolkit that focuses on facilitating the construction of SVR systems. We argue for the design strategy of Ubiq and its scope. Ubiq is built on the Unity platform. It provides core functionality of many SVR systems such as connection management, voice, avatars, etc. However, its design remains easy to extend. We demonstrate examples built on Ubiq and how it has been successfully used in classroom teaching. Ubiq is open source (Apache License) and thus enables several use cases that commercial systems cannot.","PeriodicalId":345527,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","volume":"39 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120994036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing ubiquity and mobility of VR devices has introduced novel use cases, one of which is using VR while in dynamic, on-the-go environments. Hence, there is a need to examine the perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of both the driving experience and VR immersion, and how they influence each other. As an initial step towards this goal, we report on the results of an online survey that investigated users’ perceived safety of using VR in an AV. The results of the survey show a mix of expected and surprising attitudes towards VR-in-the-car.
{"title":"Safety First: A Study of Users’ Perception of VR Adoption in Vehicles","authors":"Nadia Fereydooni, B. Walker","doi":"10.1145/3489849.3489914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489914","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing ubiquity and mobility of VR devices has introduced novel use cases, one of which is using VR while in dynamic, on-the-go environments. Hence, there is a need to examine the perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of both the driving experience and VR immersion, and how they influence each other. As an initial step towards this goal, we report on the results of an online survey that investigated users’ perceived safety of using VR in an AV. The results of the survey show a mix of expected and surprising attitudes towards VR-in-the-car.","PeriodicalId":345527,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121192767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Entanglement is a unique phenomenon in quantum physics that describes a correlated relationship in the measurement of a group of spatially separated particles. In the fields of science fiction, game design, art and philosophy, it has inspired the creation of numerous innovative works. We present EntangleVR, a novel method to create entanglement-inspired virtual scenes with the goal to simplify representing this phenomenon in the design of interactive VR games and experiences. By providing a reactive visual programming interface, users can integrate entanglement into their design without requiring prior knowledge of quantum computing or quantum physics. Our system enables fast creation of complex scenes composed of virtual objects with manipulable correlated behaviors.
{"title":"EntangleVR: A Visual Programming Interface for Virtual Reality Interactive Scene Generation","authors":"Mengyu Chen, M. Peljhan, Misha Sra","doi":"10.1145/3489849.3489872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489872","url":null,"abstract":"Entanglement is a unique phenomenon in quantum physics that describes a correlated relationship in the measurement of a group of spatially separated particles. In the fields of science fiction, game design, art and philosophy, it has inspired the creation of numerous innovative works. We present EntangleVR, a novel method to create entanglement-inspired virtual scenes with the goal to simplify representing this phenomenon in the design of interactive VR games and experiences. By providing a reactive visual programming interface, users can integrate entanglement into their design without requiring prior knowledge of quantum computing or quantum physics. Our system enables fast creation of complex scenes composed of virtual objects with manipulable correlated behaviors.","PeriodicalId":345527,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124193709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A motion platform provides the vestibular stimuli that elicit the sensations of self-motion and thereby improves the immersiveness. A representative example is a 4D Ride, which presents a video of POV shots and motion effects synchronized with the camera motion in the video. Previous research efforts resulted in a few automatic motion effect synthesis algorithms for POV shots. Although effective in generating gross motion effects, they do not consider fine features on the ground, such as a rough or bumpy road. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for styling the gross motion effects using a texture image. Our algorithm transforms a texture image into a high-frequency style motion and merges it with the original motion while respecting both perceptual and device constraints. A user study demonstrated that texture styling could increase immersiveness, realism, and harmony.
{"title":"Image-Based Texture Styling for Motion Effect Rendering","authors":"Beomsu Lim, Sangyoon Han, Seungmoon Choi","doi":"10.1145/3489849.3489854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489854","url":null,"abstract":"A motion platform provides the vestibular stimuli that elicit the sensations of self-motion and thereby improves the immersiveness. A representative example is a 4D Ride, which presents a video of POV shots and motion effects synchronized with the camera motion in the video. Previous research efforts resulted in a few automatic motion effect synthesis algorithms for POV shots. Although effective in generating gross motion effects, they do not consider fine features on the ground, such as a rough or bumpy road. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for styling the gross motion effects using a texture image. Our algorithm transforms a texture image into a high-frequency style motion and merges it with the original motion while respecting both perceptual and device constraints. A user study demonstrated that texture styling could increase immersiveness, realism, and harmony.","PeriodicalId":345527,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130323511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huiwen Zhao, Alex Kelly, Vedad Hulusic, Fred Charles
In this paper we present details of a virtual tour and game for VR headset that are designed to investigate an interactive and engaging approach of applying VR to student recruitment for an undergraduate course. The VR tour employs a floating menu to navigate through a set of 360° panoramic photographs of the teaching environment and uses hotspot interaction to display further information about the course. The VR game is a fast-paced shooting game. The course information is embedded on cubes that the player needs to focus on and destroy. The game experience is expected to generate an engaging way to promote the course. This work in progress outlines the concept and development of the prototype, and discusses the next stages of testing in order to evaluate the effectiveness of applying VR to undergraduate student recruitment.
{"title":"The Application of Virtual Reality in Student Recruitment","authors":"Huiwen Zhao, Alex Kelly, Vedad Hulusic, Fred Charles","doi":"10.1145/3489849.3489936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489936","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present details of a virtual tour and game for VR headset that are designed to investigate an interactive and engaging approach of applying VR to student recruitment for an undergraduate course. The VR tour employs a floating menu to navigate through a set of 360° panoramic photographs of the teaching environment and uses hotspot interaction to display further information about the course. The VR game is a fast-paced shooting game. The course information is embedded on cubes that the player needs to focus on and destroy. The game experience is expected to generate an engaging way to promote the course. This work in progress outlines the concept and development of the prototype, and discusses the next stages of testing in order to evaluate the effectiveness of applying VR to undergraduate student recruitment.","PeriodicalId":345527,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126662370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we present a virtual reality application, where multiple users can observe and interact with a portion of geo-referenced terrain where a real wildfire took place. The application presents a layout with two maps, one is a three-dimensional view with terrain elevation and the other is a conventional two-dimensional view. The VR users can control different layers (roads, waterways, etc), control the wildfire’s playback, command vehicles to change positions and paint the terrain conveying information to one-another. This work explores how users interact with map visualizations and plan for a crisis management scenario within a virtual environment.
{"title":"Managing a Crisis in Virtual Reality - Tackling a Wildfire","authors":"Hugo Lino, Rui Nóbrega, F. Birra, Nuno Correia","doi":"10.1145/3489849.3489957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489957","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a virtual reality application, where multiple users can observe and interact with a portion of geo-referenced terrain where a real wildfire took place. The application presents a layout with two maps, one is a three-dimensional view with terrain elevation and the other is a conventional two-dimensional view. The VR users can control different layers (roads, waterways, etc), control the wildfire’s playback, command vehicles to change positions and paint the terrain conveying information to one-another. This work explores how users interact with map visualizations and plan for a crisis management scenario within a virtual environment.","PeriodicalId":345527,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","volume":"44 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113970293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anxiety-inducing and assessment methods in Virtual Reality has been a topic of discussion in recent literature. The importance of the topic is related to the difficulty of getting accurate and timely measurements of anxiety without relying on self-report and breaking the immersion. To this end, the current study utilises the emotional version of a well-established cognitive task; the Stroop Color-Word Task and brings it to Virtual Reality. It consists of three levels; congruent which is used as control and corresponds with no anxiety, incongruent, which corresponds with mild anxiety and emotional, which corresponds with severe anxiety. This pilot serves two functions. The first is to validate the effects of the task using biosignal measurements. The second is to use the bio signal information and the labels to train a machine-learning algorithm. The information collected by the pilot will be used to decide what types of signals and devices to use in the final product, as well as what algorithm and time frame will be better suited for the purpose of accurately determining the user’s anxiety level within Virtual Reality without breaking the immersion.
{"title":"Emotional Virtual Reality Stroop Task: Pilot Design","authors":"Deniz Mevlevioğlu, S. Tabirca, D. Murphy","doi":"10.1145/3489849.3489952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489952","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety-inducing and assessment methods in Virtual Reality has been a topic of discussion in recent literature. The importance of the topic is related to the difficulty of getting accurate and timely measurements of anxiety without relying on self-report and breaking the immersion. To this end, the current study utilises the emotional version of a well-established cognitive task; the Stroop Color-Word Task and brings it to Virtual Reality. It consists of three levels; congruent which is used as control and corresponds with no anxiety, incongruent, which corresponds with mild anxiety and emotional, which corresponds with severe anxiety. This pilot serves two functions. The first is to validate the effects of the task using biosignal measurements. The second is to use the bio signal information and the labels to train a machine-learning algorithm. The information collected by the pilot will be used to decide what types of signals and devices to use in the final product, as well as what algorithm and time frame will be better suited for the purpose of accurately determining the user’s anxiety level within Virtual Reality without breaking the immersion.","PeriodicalId":345527,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121431562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Product line engineering model is suitable for engineering related software products in an efficient manner, taking advantage of their similarities while managing their differences. Our feature driven software product line (SPL) solution based on that model allows for instantiation of different CAVE products based on the set of core assets and driven by a set of common VR features with the minimal budget and time to market.
{"title":"CAVE applications: from craft manufacturing to product line engineering","authors":"J. Lebiedź, B. Wiszniewski","doi":"10.1145/3489849.3489948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489948","url":null,"abstract":"Product line engineering model is suitable for engineering related software products in an efficient manner, taking advantage of their similarities while managing their differences. Our feature driven software product line (SPL) solution based on that model allows for instantiation of different CAVE products based on the set of core assets and driven by a set of common VR features with the minimal budget and time to market.","PeriodicalId":345527,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128426057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents the design and evaluation of three bimanual interaction modalities for cross-workspace interaction in virtual reality (VR), in which the user can move items between a personal workspace and a shared workspace. We conducted an empirical study to understand three modalities and their suitability for cross-workspace interaction in VR.
{"title":"Freehand Interaction in Virtual Reality: Bimanual Gestures for Cross-Workspace Interaction","authors":"Chao Peng, Yangzi Dong, Lizhou Cao","doi":"10.1145/3489849.3489900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489900","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the design and evaluation of three bimanual interaction modalities for cross-workspace interaction in virtual reality (VR), in which the user can move items between a personal workspace and a shared workspace. We conducted an empirical study to understand three modalities and their suitability for cross-workspace interaction in VR.","PeriodicalId":345527,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128176543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veronika Krauß, Florian Jasche, Sheree May Saßmannshausen, Thomas Ludwig, A. Boden
Over the last decades, different kinds of design guides have been created to maintain consistency and usability in interactive system development. However, in the case of spatial applications, practitioners from research and industry either have difficulty finding them or perceive such guides as lacking relevance, practicability, and applicability. This paper presents the current state of scientific research and industry practice by investigating currently used design recommendations for mixed reality (MR) system development. We analyzed and compared 875 design recommendations for MR applications elicited from 89 scientific papers and documentation from six industry practitioners in a literature review. In doing so, we identified differences regarding four key topics: Focus on unique MR design challenges, abstraction regarding devices and ecosystems, level of detail and abstraction of content, and covered topics. Based on that, we contribute to the MR design research by providing three factors for perceived irrelevance and six main implications for design recommendations that are applicable in scientific and industry practice.
{"title":"Research and Practice Recommendations for Mixed Reality Design – Different Perspectives from the Community","authors":"Veronika Krauß, Florian Jasche, Sheree May Saßmannshausen, Thomas Ludwig, A. Boden","doi":"10.1145/3489849.3489876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489876","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decades, different kinds of design guides have been created to maintain consistency and usability in interactive system development. However, in the case of spatial applications, practitioners from research and industry either have difficulty finding them or perceive such guides as lacking relevance, practicability, and applicability. This paper presents the current state of scientific research and industry practice by investigating currently used design recommendations for mixed reality (MR) system development. We analyzed and compared 875 design recommendations for MR applications elicited from 89 scientific papers and documentation from six industry practitioners in a literature review. In doing so, we identified differences regarding four key topics: Focus on unique MR design challenges, abstraction regarding devices and ecosystems, level of detail and abstraction of content, and covered topics. Based on that, we contribute to the MR design research by providing three factors for perceived irrelevance and six main implications for design recommendations that are applicable in scientific and industry practice.","PeriodicalId":345527,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125165808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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