Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000370
B. Galván, A. S. Marco, J. Rolin, L. Delauney
Oceanography was started by Navy engineers and the references of readiness and functional specifications were military. Since the end of the 80s, a new generation of instruments was able to promote more cost-efficient technical solutions. They cover now the needs of scientific ocean research as well as operational oceanography and environmental monitoring or assessment of the coastal areas. The ambition in the EC FP7 NeXOS project is to proceed in this direction in order to improve the temporal and spatial coverage, resolution and quality of marine observations. The Technology Readiness Levels are now successfully used for oceanographic equipments. NeXOS promotes a specific approach for the sensors themselves and for sensor systems. It happens to be very useful to detect weak points both at the beginning of the development and at high level of maturity. Some criteria are more often weak in the ocean sensor development world such as: follow-up of cost drivers at an early stage of the design, exact scope of the market, safety, dependence on few component providers, etc. The practice of functional analysis of sensor systems shows also a need to focus on specific aspects. Marine environment constraints are known to be critical. The designer has to take into account surrounding functions dealing with data availability, interoperability, modularity, robustness which are in fact major objectives of the NeXOS project. Reliability analysis in the context of marine sensor systems is in many cases a key issue. Some sensors will be deployed for long term autonomous missions, some of them, for instance on-board Argo Floats, will never be recovered. It then needs to be very performed with the rather small amount of failure rated available. The fear events are not only coming from the operations at sea but also from several steps of the data dissemination process: metrology, associated metadata, processing, etc. In order to achieve this goal, is necessary to consider several alternative configurations of the system design in such a way that functional specifications remain unchanged but enhance dependability. This is framed in the so-called reliability allocation problems [1], usually addressed by firstly obtaining Fault Tree models of the system and then performing cost-constrained optimization of whole system reliability. The most common criteria used to overcome reliability issues consist in apply redundancy on critical components to provide backup in case of failure of some component, use diversity (i.e. components from different manufacturers) in redundant parts so as to avoid common cause failures and employ physical dispersion (i.e in a redundant configuration, locate components in different parts of the system).
{"title":"NeXOS contribution to the adaptation of system analysis engineering tools for mature and reliable ocean sensors","authors":"B. Galván, A. S. Marco, J. Rolin, L. Delauney","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000370","url":null,"abstract":"Oceanography was started by Navy engineers and the references of readiness and functional specifications were military. Since the end of the 80s, a new generation of instruments was able to promote more cost-efficient technical solutions. They cover now the needs of scientific ocean research as well as operational oceanography and environmental monitoring or assessment of the coastal areas. The ambition in the EC FP7 NeXOS project is to proceed in this direction in order to improve the temporal and spatial coverage, resolution and quality of marine observations. The Technology Readiness Levels are now successfully used for oceanographic equipments. NeXOS promotes a specific approach for the sensors themselves and for sensor systems. It happens to be very useful to detect weak points both at the beginning of the development and at high level of maturity. Some criteria are more often weak in the ocean sensor development world such as: follow-up of cost drivers at an early stage of the design, exact scope of the market, safety, dependence on few component providers, etc. The practice of functional analysis of sensor systems shows also a need to focus on specific aspects. Marine environment constraints are known to be critical. The designer has to take into account surrounding functions dealing with data availability, interoperability, modularity, robustness which are in fact major objectives of the NeXOS project. Reliability analysis in the context of marine sensor systems is in many cases a key issue. Some sensors will be deployed for long term autonomous missions, some of them, for instance on-board Argo Floats, will never be recovered. It then needs to be very performed with the rather small amount of failure rated available. The fear events are not only coming from the operations at sea but also from several steps of the data dissemination process: metrology, associated metadata, processing, etc. In order to achieve this goal, is necessary to consider several alternative configurations of the system design in such a way that functional specifications remain unchanged but enhance dependability. This is framed in the so-called reliability allocation problems [1], usually addressed by firstly obtaining Fault Tree models of the system and then performing cost-constrained optimization of whole system reliability. The most common criteria used to overcome reliability issues consist in apply redundancy on critical components to provide backup in case of failure of some component, use diversity (i.e. components from different manufacturers) in redundant parts so as to avoid common cause failures and employ physical dispersion (i.e in a redundant configuration, locate components in different parts of the system).","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115908736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000364
M. Goutx, C. Bachet, N. Ferretto, C. Germain, C. Guigue, M. Tedetti
Understanding the biogeochemical functioning of the ocean requires high frequency recordings of DOM (Dissolved Organic Matter) descriptors that traditional tools such chromatography cannot provide. For 10 years, the technological developments of fluorescence sensor try to cover this need. Indeed, optical properties allow to properly characterizing DOM and can be acquired at high frequency. In this context, our laboratory developed the MiniFluo-UV sensor, a prototype of miniaturized submersible fluorometers for the detection of aromatic compounds that fluoresce in the UV domain. The qualification of the sensor consisted of measurement of drift, linearity, repeatability, sensitivity to light, temperature and pressure, and detection limits of quantification of phenanthrene and tryptophan in standard solution. Validation was made by comparing measurements of phenanthrene concentrations in crude oil WSF by means of the MiniFluo and different fluorimeters. In this presentation, we show results of deployments of this MiniFluo-UV sensor in two distinct areas, 1) the North Western Mediterranean during the continuous monitoring of the surface water layer in the Gulf of Lion (DEWEX cruise, winter and spring 2013) and 2) the coastal marine area of Marseille bay heavily impacted by urban activities. The pattern of raw counts enabled to distinguish interesting distributions of DOM in relation to hydrological features and spring biological production in the Gulf of Lion. It also revealed accumulations of contaminants in marine areas under anthropic pressure.
{"title":"Performance of the MiniFluo-UV sensor for monitoring ocean and coastal environments","authors":"M. Goutx, C. Bachet, N. Ferretto, C. Germain, C. Guigue, M. Tedetti","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000364","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the biogeochemical functioning of the ocean requires high frequency recordings of DOM (Dissolved Organic Matter) descriptors that traditional tools such chromatography cannot provide. For 10 years, the technological developments of fluorescence sensor try to cover this need. Indeed, optical properties allow to properly characterizing DOM and can be acquired at high frequency. In this context, our laboratory developed the MiniFluo-UV sensor, a prototype of miniaturized submersible fluorometers for the detection of aromatic compounds that fluoresce in the UV domain. The qualification of the sensor consisted of measurement of drift, linearity, repeatability, sensitivity to light, temperature and pressure, and detection limits of quantification of phenanthrene and tryptophan in standard solution. Validation was made by comparing measurements of phenanthrene concentrations in crude oil WSF by means of the MiniFluo and different fluorimeters. In this presentation, we show results of deployments of this MiniFluo-UV sensor in two distinct areas, 1) the North Western Mediterranean during the continuous monitoring of the surface water layer in the Gulf of Lion (DEWEX cruise, winter and spring 2013) and 2) the coastal marine area of Marseille bay heavily impacted by urban activities. The pattern of raw counts enabled to distinguish interesting distributions of DOM in relation to hydrological features and spring biological production in the Gulf of Lion. It also revealed accumulations of contaminants in marine areas under anthropic pressure.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117164481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000366
Agathe Laes-Huon, J. Legrand, V. Tanguy, C. Cathalot, J. Blandin, J. Rolin, P. Sarradin
Study of the temporal dynamics of faunal assemblages and their habitat at the Lucky strike vent was performed using the TEMPO ecological module on the MoMAR (Monitoring of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) deep sea observatory. An in situ analyzer (CHEMINI) was implemented onto this structure in order to determine total dissolved iron concentrations associated with an optode and a temperature probe. Hence, we present here the long term in situ analysis of total dissolved iron (6 months, 2013-2014) at the Eiffel Tower edifice. The daily analyzed in situ standard (25μmol.L-1) showed an excellent reproducibility (1.07%, n=522), illustrating the good analytical performances of the CHEMINI, validating the iron concentrations measured by the instrument. CHEMINI was reliable, robust over time for in situ analysis. The averaged total dissolved iron concentrations for the 6 months period remain low ([DFe] = 7.12 ± 2.11 μmol L-1, n = 519), but display some noticeable variations related to the temperature. Indeed, iron and temperature correlated significantly, and frequency spectra indicated a maximal contribution of frequencies around 4-5 days for both variables.
利用中大西洋脊监测(MoMAR)深海观测站的TEMPO生态模块，对Lucky strike火山口动物群落及其栖息地的时间动态进行了研究。为了确定与光电二极管和温度探头相关的总溶解铁浓度，在该结构上实施了原位分析仪(CHEMINI)。因此，我们在这里展示了对埃菲尔铁塔总溶解铁的长期原位分析(2013-2014年6个月)。每日原位分析标准品(25μmol.L-1)重现性良好(1.07%，n=522)，说明CHEMINI具有良好的分析性能，验证了仪器测量的铁浓度。CHEMINI是可靠的，随着时间的推移，稳健的原位分析。6个月的平均总溶解铁浓度保持在较低水平([DFe] = 7.12±2.11 μmol L-1, n = 519)，但随温度变化明显。事实上，铁和温度显著相关，频谱表明频率在4-5天左右对两个变量的贡献最大。
{"title":"Long term in situ survey of total dissolved iron concentrations on the MoMAR observatory","authors":"Agathe Laes-Huon, J. Legrand, V. Tanguy, C. Cathalot, J. Blandin, J. Rolin, P. Sarradin","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000366","url":null,"abstract":"Study of the temporal dynamics of faunal assemblages and their habitat at the Lucky strike vent was performed using the TEMPO ecological module on the MoMAR (Monitoring of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) deep sea observatory. An in situ analyzer (CHEMINI) was implemented onto this structure in order to determine total dissolved iron concentrations associated with an optode and a temperature probe. Hence, we present here the long term in situ analysis of total dissolved iron (6 months, 2013-2014) at the Eiffel Tower edifice. The daily analyzed in situ standard (25μmol.L-1) showed an excellent reproducibility (1.07%, n=522), illustrating the good analytical performances of the CHEMINI, validating the iron concentrations measured by the instrument. CHEMINI was reliable, robust over time for in situ analysis. The averaged total dissolved iron concentrations for the 6 months period remain low ([DFe] = 7.12 ± 2.11 μmol L-1, n = 519), but display some noticeable variations related to the temperature. Indeed, iron and temperature correlated significantly, and frequency spectra indicated a maximal contribution of frequencies around 4-5 days for both variables.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132025375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：