Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000378
C. Waldman, J. del Río, D. Toma, T. O'Reilly, J. Pearlman
The complexity of installations in the oceans to carry out observations on specific processes and for detecting long-term trends have grown significantly in the past years. This applies also to the type and number of sensors that are in use in observing systems. In these days, sensors shall be compatible to different platforms that are in use like floats, gliders or moorings, and accordingly also different data acquisition systems. Facilitating the integration process in existing or newly established observing systems comes with a real benefit for the operators and is important for the broader application of different sensors. However, how to achieve the goals is under debate. The most serious obstacle for all initiatives is the willingness of stakeholders to adopt a strategy and, even more so, to adopt a specific architecture to enable interoperability across platforms and observing systems. Therefore, the situation at this point in time is characterized by the fact that parallel approaches have been developed (IEEE 1451, the OGC set of standards, etc.) that are ready to be evaluated but still lacking the support by the community. Therefore it seems to be a good time to consider and to agree on the implementation of interoperability arrangements. These and related aspects shall be discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Intelligent sensors — Why they are so important for future ocean observing systems","authors":"C. Waldman, J. del Río, D. Toma, T. O'Reilly, J. Pearlman","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000378","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of installations in the oceans to carry out observations on specific processes and for detecting long-term trends have grown significantly in the past years. This applies also to the type and number of sensors that are in use in observing systems. In these days, sensors shall be compatible to different platforms that are in use like floats, gliders or moorings, and accordingly also different data acquisition systems. Facilitating the integration process in existing or newly established observing systems comes with a real benefit for the operators and is important for the broader application of different sensors. However, how to achieve the goals is under debate. The most serious obstacle for all initiatives is the willingness of stakeholders to adopt a strategy and, even more so, to adopt a specific architecture to enable interoperability across platforms and observing systems. Therefore, the situation at this point in time is characterized by the fact that parallel approaches have been developed (IEEE 1451, the OGC set of standards, etc.) that are ready to be evaluated but still lacking the support by the community. Therefore it seems to be a good time to consider and to agree on the implementation of interoperability arrangements. These and related aspects shall be discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121379479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000376
E. Reggiani, R. Bellerby, K. Sørensen
The increasing demand for monitoring capabilities required by ocean acidification survey programs is forcing sensor developers to find suitable arrangements for long-term, drift-free deployments. The increasing application of microtechnology will help the development of fault-free, calibration-free solid state probes. Spectrophotometry already helps oceanographers in retrieving fundamental datasets of high quality data about the status of ocean health, both in surface and deep water, and including carbon bio-geochemistry. This work describes the advancements on two spectrophotometric flow-through devices optimized for pH and carbonate detection with accuracy limited by the knowledge of equilibrium properties of reagents in seawater.
{"title":"Underwater spectrophotometric detection: Scaling down ocean acidification monitoring","authors":"E. Reggiani, R. Bellerby, K. Sørensen","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000376","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for monitoring capabilities required by ocean acidification survey programs is forcing sensor developers to find suitable arrangements for long-term, drift-free deployments. The increasing application of microtechnology will help the development of fault-free, calibration-free solid state probes. Spectrophotometry already helps oceanographers in retrieving fundamental datasets of high quality data about the status of ocean health, both in surface and deep water, and including carbon bio-geochemistry. This work describes the advancements on two spectrophotometric flow-through devices optimized for pH and carbonate detection with accuracy limited by the knowledge of equilibrium properties of reagents in seawater.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127640470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000377
K. Foote
A key technology that continues to evolve to meet special requirements of underwater sampling and observation is that of acoustics. This technology is used both actively to ensonify fish, zooplankton, other marine organisms, and the environment, and passively to listen to and record sounds produced by marine organisms and other sources, e.g., shipping and environmental noise. When calibrated, acoustic devices offer the potential for quantification. The essential case for calibration is made, and principal methods for the calibration of active and passive devices are reviewed. These include the standard-target method for the calibration of active devices, e.g., sonars, and the three-transducer spherical-wave reciprocity method for the calibration of passive devices, e.g., electroacoustic transducers and hydrophones. Recent advances in understanding the spatial structure of the transducer nearfield may safely extend the range at which such calibrations can be performed, as well as extending the range of measurements themselves. This extension can be quantified through the acoustic sampling volume. Reference is also made to the IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society (OES) Standards Initiative, with website at http://www.oceanicengineering.org/page.cfm/cat/105/OES-Standards-Initiative/, which is providing a forum for dissemination of information on standards, protocols, quality assurance procedures, and best practices that are important in ocean engineering. This includes information on current calibration methods for acoustic instruments.
{"title":"Maintaining quality of acoustic data: Calibration methods for active and passive devices, with extended sampling volume","authors":"K. Foote","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000377","url":null,"abstract":"A key technology that continues to evolve to meet special requirements of underwater sampling and observation is that of acoustics. This technology is used both actively to ensonify fish, zooplankton, other marine organisms, and the environment, and passively to listen to and record sounds produced by marine organisms and other sources, e.g., shipping and environmental noise. When calibrated, acoustic devices offer the potential for quantification. The essential case for calibration is made, and principal methods for the calibration of active and passive devices are reviewed. These include the standard-target method for the calibration of active devices, e.g., sonars, and the three-transducer spherical-wave reciprocity method for the calibration of passive devices, e.g., electroacoustic transducers and hydrophones. Recent advances in understanding the spatial structure of the transducer nearfield may safely extend the range at which such calibrations can be performed, as well as extending the range of measurements themselves. This extension can be quantified through the acoustic sampling volume. Reference is also made to the IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society (OES) Standards Initiative, with website at http://www.oceanicengineering.org/page.cfm/cat/105/OES-Standards-Initiative/, which is providing a forum for dissemination of information on standards, protocols, quality assurance procedures, and best practices that are important in ocean engineering. This includes information on current calibration methods for acoustic instruments.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121133752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000384
John Cleary, Margaret McCaul, D. Diamond, Y. Lassoued, María Begoña González García, A. Ribotti, C. Díez, Concepció Rovira, J. Sáez, M. Challiss
The COMMON SENSE (CS) project aims to develop cost-effective, multi-functional innovative sensors to perform reliable in-situ measurements in the marine environment. The COMMON SENSE sensors will focus on key parameters including eutrophication, heavy metals, marine litter (microplastics) and underwater noise. The project will focus on increasing the availability of sensor data and observations through the development and implementation of the Common Sensor Web Platform (CSWP), a software platform that will integrate the COMMON SENSE sensor data and observations and deliver them to the Web, in standard formats and through standard interfaces.
COMMON SENSE (CS)项目旨在开发具有成本效益的多功能创新传感器，以在海洋环境中进行可靠的原位测量。常识传感器将专注于关键参数，包括富营养化、重金属、海洋垃圾(微塑料)和水下噪音。该项目将侧重于通过开发和实施通用传感器网络平台(CSWP)来增加传感器数据和观测的可用性，CSWP是一个软件平台，将集成常识传感器数据和观测，并通过标准格式和标准接口将其传送到网络上。
{"title":"COMMON SENSE: Cost-effective sensors, interoperable with international existing ocean observing systems, to meet EU policies requirements","authors":"John Cleary, Margaret McCaul, D. Diamond, Y. Lassoued, María Begoña González García, A. Ribotti, C. Díez, Concepció Rovira, J. Sáez, M. Challiss","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000384","url":null,"abstract":"The COMMON SENSE (CS) project aims to develop cost-effective, multi-functional innovative sensors to perform reliable in-situ measurements in the marine environment. The COMMON SENSE sensors will focus on key parameters including eutrophication, heavy metals, marine litter (microplastics) and underwater noise. The project will focus on increasing the availability of sensor data and observations through the development and implementation of the Common Sensor Web Platform (CSWP), a software platform that will integrate the COMMON SENSE sensor data and observations and deliver them to the Web, in standard formats and through standard interfaces.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115928861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000380
O. Pallarés, J. del Río, P. Bouvet
This paper presents a new approach to time stamp messages in underwater acoustic communication. Message time stamping is a widely used method for synchronizing two clocks over a cabled or wireless communication, by exchanging time information in pilot messages. In this work we use a National Instruments Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for performing deterministic hardware time stamp of windowed acquired data, and then we apply a software detection of frame information inside this acquisition window. Frame time stamp in conjunction with global time reference enclosed in the message, provide enough information for achieving synchronization accuracy between two clocks below few microseconds.
{"title":"Underwater acoustic communication messaging time stamp applied to global time synchronization","authors":"O. Pallarés, J. del Río, P. Bouvet","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000380","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach to time stamp messages in underwater acoustic communication. Message time stamping is a widely used method for synchronizing two clocks over a cabled or wireless communication, by exchanging time information in pilot messages. In this work we use a National Instruments Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for performing deterministic hardware time stamp of windowed acquired data, and then we apply a software detection of frame information inside this acquisition window. Frame time stamp in conjunction with global time reference enclosed in the message, provide enough information for achieving synchronization accuracy between two clocks below few microseconds.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121093701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000383
E. Delory, L. Corradino, D. Toma, J. del Río, P. Brault, P. Ruiz, F. Fiquet
The objective of the NeXOS project is to develop cost-effective, innovative, and compact multifunctional sensor systems in ocean optics, ocean passive acoustics and for an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF), which can be deployed from mobile and fixed platforms, with data services contributing to the GEOSS, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union. The development of innovative hydrophones focuses on the pre and post-processing of acoustic information and improved transducer integration, reducing size and overall procurement and operations cost while increasing functionality. An important part of the effort will focus on the need for greater dynamic range and the integration on autonomous platforms, such as gliders and profilers. Embedded processing will be reconfigurable, allowing for the monitoring of MSFD Good Environmental Status descriptors 1 (Biodiversity) and 11 (Underwater Noise) as minimal requirements. The first phase of the project consisted in interacting with scientific communities and the industry in order to narrow down initial requirements and possibly extend the planned functionalities to new applications.
{"title":"Developing a new generation of passive acoustics sensors for ocean observing systems","authors":"E. Delory, L. Corradino, D. Toma, J. del Río, P. Brault, P. Ruiz, F. Fiquet","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000383","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the NeXOS project is to develop cost-effective, innovative, and compact multifunctional sensor systems in ocean optics, ocean passive acoustics and for an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF), which can be deployed from mobile and fixed platforms, with data services contributing to the GEOSS, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union. The development of innovative hydrophones focuses on the pre and post-processing of acoustic information and improved transducer integration, reducing size and overall procurement and operations cost while increasing functionality. An important part of the effort will focus on the need for greater dynamic range and the integration on autonomous platforms, such as gliders and profilers. Embedded processing will be reconfigurable, allowing for the monitoring of MSFD Good Environmental Status descriptors 1 (Biodiversity) and 11 (Underwater Noise) as minimal requirements. The first phase of the project consisted in interacting with scientific communities and the industry in order to narrow down initial requirements and possibly extend the planned functionalities to new applications.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124716773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000375
D. Toma, J. del Río, S. Jirka, E. Delory, J. Pearlman
The objective of the European FP7 project NeXOS (Next generation Low-Cost Multifunctional Web Enabled Ocean Sensor Systems Empowering Marine, Maritime and Fisheries Management) is to develop cost-efficient innovative and interoperable in-situ sensors deployable from multiple platforms to support the development of a truly integrated Ocean Observing System. Therefore, several sensor systems will be developed in NeXOS project for specific technologies and monitoring strategies such as: ocean passive acoustics, ocean optics, and EAF monitoring (Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries), that will provide an integrated, technologically coherent system for multi-scale, multi-parameter monitoring of the oceans. For all these sensors system, NeXOS will develop the Smart Electronic Interface for Sensors and Instruments (SEISI) which is a set of standards and functionalities to enable Web-based sharing, discovery, exchange and processing of sensor observations, and operation of sensor systems. The architecture will satisfy international standards, defined by ISO, OGC, and the INSPIRE directive, to enable integration of marine sensors with existing observing systems. The SEISI will provide a multifunctional interface for many types of current sensors and instruments as well as the new multi-parameter sensor systems, and a standard interface for existing observing systems platforms such as: cabled observatories, buoys, gliders or Ferryboxes on ship or vessel of opportunity. To achieve the compatibility with all these platforms, the sensor systems developed in NeXOS based on SEISI will be designed to accomplish two main requirements of these platforms regarding the communication bandwidth and the power consumption.
{"title":"Smart electronic interface for Web Enabled Ocean Sensor Systems","authors":"D. Toma, J. del Río, S. Jirka, E. Delory, J. Pearlman","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000375","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the European FP7 project NeXOS (Next generation Low-Cost Multifunctional Web Enabled Ocean Sensor Systems Empowering Marine, Maritime and Fisheries Management) is to develop cost-efficient innovative and interoperable in-situ sensors deployable from multiple platforms to support the development of a truly integrated Ocean Observing System. Therefore, several sensor systems will be developed in NeXOS project for specific technologies and monitoring strategies such as: ocean passive acoustics, ocean optics, and EAF monitoring (Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries), that will provide an integrated, technologically coherent system for multi-scale, multi-parameter monitoring of the oceans. For all these sensors system, NeXOS will develop the Smart Electronic Interface for Sensors and Instruments (SEISI) which is a set of standards and functionalities to enable Web-based sharing, discovery, exchange and processing of sensor observations, and operation of sensor systems. The architecture will satisfy international standards, defined by ISO, OGC, and the INSPIRE directive, to enable integration of marine sensors with existing observing systems. The SEISI will provide a multifunctional interface for many types of current sensors and instruments as well as the new multi-parameter sensor systems, and a standard interface for existing observing systems platforms such as: cabled observatories, buoys, gliders or Ferryboxes on ship or vessel of opportunity. To achieve the compatibility with all these platforms, the sensor systems developed in NeXOS based on SEISI will be designed to accomplish two main requirements of these platforms regarding the communication bandwidth and the power consumption.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125053686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000382
E. Delory, A. Castro, C. Waldmann, J. Rolin, P. Woerther, J. Gille, J. del Río, O. Zielinski, L. Golmen, N. Hareide, J. Pearlman
A growing concern about the health of the world oceans resulting from multiple stressors as for instance effects of climate change and increasing offshore activities leads to the need of better observational tools and strategies. The objective of the NeXOS project is to serve those needs by developing new cost-effective, innovative and compact integrated multifunctional sensor systems for ocean optics, ocean passive acoustics, and an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF), which can be deployed from mobile and fixed ocean observing platforms, as well as to develop downstream services for the Global Ocean Observing System, Good Environmental Status of European marine waters and the Common Fisheries Policy.
{"title":"NeXOS development plans in ocean optics, acoustics and observing systems interoperability","authors":"E. Delory, A. Castro, C. Waldmann, J. Rolin, P. Woerther, J. Gille, J. del Río, O. Zielinski, L. Golmen, N. Hareide, J. Pearlman","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000382","url":null,"abstract":"A growing concern about the health of the world oceans resulting from multiple stressors as for instance effects of climate change and increasing offshore activities leads to the need of better observational tools and strategies. The objective of the NeXOS project is to serve those needs by developing new cost-effective, innovative and compact integrated multifunctional sensor systems for ocean optics, ocean passive acoustics, and an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF), which can be deployed from mobile and fixed ocean observing platforms, as well as to develop downstream services for the Global Ocean Observing System, Good Environmental Status of European marine waters and the Common Fisheries Policy.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133267787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000381
S. Sparnocchia, P. Farcy, E. Delory
In the framework of the FP7 and H2020 European calls for infrastructure integrating activities, a significant role is ascribed to transnational access. The integrated infrastructures should be open, in a collaborative way, to offer free access to user teams other than the internal ones. In this context, JERICO and FixO3 are infrastructure projects which propose access to coastal or open-ocean observatories such as buoys, piles, gliders, ferrybox, underwater observatories and ocean sensor calibration facilities. Through the transnational access, user groups, including non-European members, have the opportunity to establish scientific collaborations with the access providers, in an international framework. Besides being an opportunity for scientists, e.g. to collect new observations or test new methodologies, the transnational access offers also in-situ bench marks to industry and academy for testing prototypes and/or adapting existing instrumentation to new targeted uses. This paper sums up the main concepts of access in European integrated infrastructure projects and examples from JERICO and FixO3 projects.
{"title":"The trans-national access in FP7 and H2020: A tool for sensor testing, observing system validation and collaborative research","authors":"S. Sparnocchia, P. Farcy, E. Delory","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000381","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of the FP7 and H2020 European calls for infrastructure integrating activities, a significant role is ascribed to transnational access. The integrated infrastructures should be open, in a collaborative way, to offer free access to user teams other than the internal ones. In this context, JERICO and FixO3 are infrastructure projects which propose access to coastal or open-ocean observatories such as buoys, piles, gliders, ferrybox, underwater observatories and ocean sensor calibration facilities. Through the transnational access, user groups, including non-European members, have the opportunity to establish scientific collaborations with the access providers, in an international framework. Besides being an opportunity for scientists, e.g. to collect new observations or test new methodologies, the transnational access offers also in-situ bench marks to industry and academy for testing prototypes and/or adapting existing instrumentation to new targeted uses. This paper sums up the main concepts of access in European integrated infrastructure projects and examples from JERICO and FixO3 projects.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116454346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000368
E. Diler, N. Larché, D. Thierry, Y. Degres
In natural seawater, surfaces will be rapidly covered by microorganisms which form a thin film called biofilm. It is now generally admitted that biofilms may affect the electrochemical behavior of metals and alloys and thereby may accelerate the corrosion of the material. Biofilms formed in seawater around the World does not necessarily present the same aggressiveness in terms of corrosion risk, and recently some high alloy stainless steel corrosion failures were attributed to the particular aggressiveness of biofilms which form in tropical seawaters. In deep sea, the biofilm activity as well as the corrosion risk induced by these phenomena has to be assessed. The objective of the present study was to develop an autonomous sensor able to characterize seawater biofilms through their electrochemical effects on stainless steel surface. The sensor is able to in-situ detect the potential ennoblement and to quantify the cathodic reduction efficiency of biofilmed stainless steel, which is a major parameter to quantify the risk of corrosion propagation on these alloys, as well as the bacterial presence and activity. This sensor will be able to be deployed down to 3000 m depth for long term measurements.
{"title":"Biofilm sensor for deep sea","authors":"E. Diler, N. Larché, D. Thierry, Y. Degres","doi":"10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCO.2014.7000368","url":null,"abstract":"In natural seawater, surfaces will be rapidly covered by microorganisms which form a thin film called biofilm. It is now generally admitted that biofilms may affect the electrochemical behavior of metals and alloys and thereby may accelerate the corrosion of the material. Biofilms formed in seawater around the World does not necessarily present the same aggressiveness in terms of corrosion risk, and recently some high alloy stainless steel corrosion failures were attributed to the particular aggressiveness of biofilms which form in tropical seawaters. In deep sea, the biofilm activity as well as the corrosion risk induced by these phenomena has to be assessed. The objective of the present study was to develop an autonomous sensor able to characterize seawater biofilms through their electrochemical effects on stainless steel surface. The sensor is able to in-situ detect the potential ennoblement and to quantify the cathodic reduction efficiency of biofilmed stainless steel, which is a major parameter to quantify the risk of corrosion propagation on these alloys, as well as the bacterial presence and activity. This sensor will be able to be deployed down to 3000 m depth for long term measurements.","PeriodicalId":345550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Sensor Systems for a Changing Ocean (SSCO).","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129463207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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