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Pyeloplasty effectiveness in cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children: methodology and assessment parameters 肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻儿童肾盂成形术的有效性:方法和评估参数
Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2021-9-4-5-12
V. Sizonov, A. K. Shidaev, M. Kogan
The article presents the analysis of published data (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/MedLine, The Cochrane Library, and eLIBRARY databases) devoted to the study of existing criteria for assessment of pyeloplasty effectiveness. Published sources most often refer to the dynamics of reduction of the renal collecting system (RCS) and postoperative renal functional status as the assessment criteria. However, there are no consistent values, which could be employed as assessment criteria indicating success as soon as they are registered. The tools used to estimate RCS reduction are not standardized in terms of research techniques, projection of RCS dilatation measurement, and the locations between which renal and pelvic anatomic structures are measured. A variety of approaches to measuring the anteroposterior renal pelvis dimension in children with hydronephrosis tends to blur the analysis of actual pyeloplasty results. This review of published sources demonstrates the lack of agreement as regards the criteria for assessment of pyeloplasty effectiveness. There is a pressing need for appropriate steps to harmonize ultrasonography methods, to standardize the anatomic landmarks for measurement, and to define the criteria to be used to assess the effectiveness of pyeloplasty.
这篇文章分析了已发表的数据(Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/MedLine, The Cochrane Library和eLIBRARY数据库),致力于研究肾盂成形术有效性评估的现有标准。已发表的文献大多将肾收集系统(RCS)的减少动态和术后肾功能状态作为评估标准。然而,没有一致的价值,这些价值一旦登记就可以作为表明成功的评估标准。用于估计RCS缩小的工具在研究技术、RCS扩张测量的投影以及测量肾脏和盆腔解剖结构之间的位置方面没有标准化。多种方法测量肾盂前后尺寸的儿童肾盂积水往往模糊分析实际肾盂成形术的结果。这篇对已发表文献的回顾表明,肾盂成形术有效性的评估标准缺乏一致性。迫切需要采取适当的步骤来协调超声检查方法,标准化测量的解剖标志,并确定用于评估肾盂成形术有效性的标准。
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引用次数: 0
Multimodal therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer: results from a single-centre study 多模式治疗少转移性前列腺癌:来自单中心研究的结果
Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2021-9-4-70-86
K. Nyushko, V. M. Perepukhov, B. Alekseev
Introduction. In recent years, interest in the use of radical prostatectomy (RPE) as one of the components of a multimodal approach in patients with lymphogenous disseminated and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) has grown significantly. At the same time, the dearth of large randomized trials does not make it possible to use this technique in wide clinical practice outside of clinical trials.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal therapy using combined chemo-hormonal, surgical and radiation therapy in patients with primary oligometastatic hormone-sensitive PCa.Material and methods. The study included 48 patients with primary oligometastatic prostate cancer who received combination treatment within the internal one-research-center protocol. At the first stage, all patients underwent combined drug therapy with docetaxel (75 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks for 6 courses) and degarelix. Patients who had a decrease in PSA level ≤ 2 ng/ml and registered stabilization of the disease according to radiological examination were treated surgically through RPE with extended pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Radiation therapy was performed only in patients with the presence of bone lesions at a dose of 50-70 Gy to the location of bone metastases in the stage 3 plan of combined multimodal therapy.Results. PCa biochemical relapse was verified in 27 (56.3%) patients during the median follow-up of 10 months. The average time to PSA increase was 9.0 ± 5.7 months (from 1 to 24 months), median — 7 months, Six-month PSA relapse-free survival (PSA-RFS) was 61.2 ± 7.5%; 1-year PSA-RFS — 38.0 ± 8.6%. The average duration before the initiation of hormonal therapy was 12 ± 6.1 months (from 3 to 27 months), median: 10 months. Six-month survival before the drug administration was 72.6 ± 6.8%; twelve-month survival: 40.9 ± 8.7%. About 40% of patients with oligometastatic PCa had no signs of progression and did not receive any other drug therapy for 12 months after completion of protocol treatment.Conclusions. Analysis of the study results demonstrates satisfactory oncological outcomes of the studied treatment option in patients with newly diagnosed oligometastatic hormone-sensitive PCa, as well as a low likelihood of side effects and complications. Nevertheless, it is necessary to continue conducting larger and more structured randomized trials to determine the possibility of applying this therapeutic approach in clinical practice.
介绍。近年来,人们对根治性前列腺切除术(RPE)作为淋巴性播散性和转移性前列腺癌(PCa)患者多模式治疗方法之一的兴趣日益浓厚。与此同时,由于缺乏大型随机试验,该技术无法在临床试验之外的广泛临床实践中使用。研究目的:评价化疗、激素、手术和放疗联合治疗原发性少转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌的有效性。材料和方法。该研究包括48例原发性少转移性前列腺癌患者,他们接受了内部单一研究中心方案的联合治疗。在第一阶段,所有患者接受多西紫杉醇(75mg /m2静脉注射,每3周,共6个疗程)和degarelix联合药物治疗。经影像学检查PSA水平下降≤2 ng/ml且病情稳定的患者,通过RPE手术治疗,并扩大盆腔和腹膜后淋巴结清扫。在联合多模式治疗的第三阶段计划中,仅对存在骨病变的患者进行放射治疗,剂量为50-70 Gy至骨转移部位。在中位随访10个月期间,27例(56.3%)患者证实前列腺癌生化复发。平均PSA升高时间为9.0±5.7个月(1 ~ 24个月),中位为7个月,6个月PSA无复发生存率(PSA- rfs)为61.2±7.5%;1年PSA-RFS - 38.0±8.6%。激素治疗开始前的平均持续时间为12±6.1个月(3 ~ 27个月),中位数为10个月。给药前6个月生存率为72.6±6.8%;12个月生存率:40.9±8.7%。约40%的低转移性前列腺癌患者在完成方案治疗后的12个月内没有进展迹象,也没有接受任何其他药物治疗。对研究结果的分析表明,在新诊断的低转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌患者中,所研究的治疗方案的肿瘤学结果令人满意,并且副作用和并发症的可能性很低。然而,有必要继续进行更大规模、更结构化的随机试验,以确定在临床实践中应用这种治疗方法的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Male fertility: a review of the publications from April – June 2021 男性生育:2021年4月至6月的出版物综述
Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2021-9-3-118-126
D. Rogozin
The article provides an overview of the most significant publications on the topic of male infertility. The main selection criteria were considered the practical significance of the article, as well as the impact factor of the journal in which it was published, according to the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR). As a result, a list of 10 works published in the II quarter (April – June) of 2021 was formed. The review includes articles on the following issues: the effectiveness of repeated micro-TESE in non-obstructive azoospermia, the role of COVID-19 in male fertility, the effect of testosterone therapy on spermatogenesis, testicular microlithiasis, electroejaculation as a method of obtaining spermatozoa, harm from carrying cell phones near the genitals, prediction of the effectiveness of intrauterine insemination, the effect of advanced paternal age on sperm aneuploidy, and the importance of the microbiome for male fertility.
这篇文章提供了关于男性不育主题的最重要出版物的概述。根据SCImago期刊排名(SJR),主要的评选标准是考虑文章的实际意义,以及发表该文章的期刊的影响因子。因此,形成了2021年第二季度(4 - 6月)出版的10部作品清单。审查包括关于以下问题的文章:重复微tese在非阻塞性无精子症中的有效性,COVID-19在男性生育中的作用,睾酮治疗对精子发生的影响,睾丸微石症,电射精作为获取精子的方法,在生殖器附近携带手机的危害,预测宫内人工授精的有效性,父亲年龄的增加对精子非整倍体的影响,以及微生物组对男性生育的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Chronic kidney disease in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis and concomitant damage to the cardiovascular system 慢性肾脏疾病伴复发性肾结石及心血管系统损害
Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2021-9-3-52-61
R. Royuk, S. Yarovoy
Introduction. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly diagnosed in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and also manifests itself in most patients with urolithiasis. Numerous studies have shown that renal dysfunction is not only directly related to the high risk of developing various CVDs and chronic heart failure (CHF) as one of the most common complications but also the mortality rate in comorbid patients. CKD and CHF have similar pathogenetic mechanisms and common target organs; co-existing, both pathological conditions accelerate the progression of major diseases and significantly aggravate their course. In patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis combined with CVDs, all the causes leading to the formation of CKD (recurrent obstructive pyelonephritis, nephroangiosclerosis, etc.) are present to some extent.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of CKD in patients suffering from recurrent urolithiasis associated with CVDs.Materials and methods. The prospective study included 406 patients who were treated for recurrent nephrolithiasis and concomitant CVDs from 2007 to 2020 (Urology Division, Burdenko Principal Military Clinical Hospital). From long-term follow-up respondents who lived at least 10 years after inclusion in the study (n = 52), three groups were formed: group I (n = 18) included patients with a combination of essential hypertension (EH) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), complicated by CHF; group II (n = 15) consisted of patients with uncomplicated CVDs (EH – 7 patients, IHD – 8 patients). The control group III (n = 19) included respondents suffering from nephrolithiasis without CVDs. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) following the Russian National Guidelines for «Chronic Kidney Disease». The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using Statistica 8.0; the Fisher and Wilcoxon criteria were calculated; the differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.Results. All patients included in the study were repeatedly hospitalized urgently and as planned and underwent at least one non-invasive manipulation or surgery. The average age of the patients was 58.9 ± 2.95 years; men predominated (~ 75 – 78%). A GFR decrease was recorded in 41.1% of patients included in the study, in 40.5% of patients with a combination of nephrolithiasis and uncomplicated CVDs, Also, its decrease was found in 60 (58.8%) of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in 41.1% of cases from the general sample and 40.5% of patients without CHF. CKD stage II occurred in 44 (43.1%) cases of CHF; CKD stages III Ca and Cb were detected in 10 (9.8%) and 4 (1%) cases, respectively; CKD stage IV developed in 1 (0.25%) patient with one of the re-hospitalizations. Of the 52 patients included in the second study part, the ratio of men and women was 41/11 (78.8 and 21.2%, respectively). All three groups were also dominated by men. The initial values
介绍。慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)常见于心血管疾病(cvd)患者,在大多数尿石症患者中也有表现。大量研究表明,肾功能不全不仅与发生各种心血管疾病的高风险直接相关,慢性心力衰竭是最常见的并发症之一,而且与合并症患者的死亡率有关。CKD与CHF具有相似的发病机制和共同的靶器官;这两种病理状态并存,加速了重大疾病的进展,并明显加重了病程。在复发性肾结石合并心血管疾病的患者中,导致CKD形成的所有原因(复发性阻塞性肾盂肾炎、肾血管硬化等)都不同程度地存在。研究目的:评估慢性肾结石合并心血管疾病的复发性尿石症患者CKD的发生率和特点。材料和方法。前瞻性研究纳入了2007 - 2020年间406例复发性肾结石及合并心血管疾病患者(Burdenko主要军事临床医院泌尿科)。从纳入研究后至少生活10年的长期随访受访者(n = 52)中,分为三组:I组(n = 18)包括合并原发性高血压(EH)和缺血性心脏病(IHD)并合并CHF的患者;II组(n = 15)为无并发症心血管疾病患者(EH - 7例,IHD - 8例)。对照组III (n = 19)包括无心血管疾病的肾结石患者。肾小球滤过率(GFR)由CKD-EPI(慢性肾脏疾病流行病学合作)根据俄罗斯国家“慢性肾脏疾病”指南确定。采用Statistica 8.0软件对所得数据进行分析;计算Fisher和Wilcoxon标准;p < 0.05认为差异有统计学意义。所有纳入研究的患者均按计划多次紧急住院治疗,并接受了至少一次非侵入性操作或手术。患者平均年龄58.9±2.95岁;男性占主导地位(约75 - 78%)。研究中41.1%的患者GFR下降,40.5%的肾结石合并无并发症心血管疾病患者GFR下降,此外,在一般样本中41.1%的慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者和40.5%的非CHF患者中,60例(58.8%)患者GFR下降。44例(43.1%)CHF发生CKD II期;CKD III期分别有10例(9.8%)和4例(1%)检测到Ca和Cb;1例(0.25%)患者发生CKD IV期,其中1例再次住院。在第二部分纳入的52例患者中,男女比例为41/11(分别为78.8和21.2%)。这三个组也都以男性为主。组患者GFR初始值与对照组差异有统计学意义;II组在研究开始4年后出现统计学差异,而I组在研究开始2年后出现统计学差异。在第6个研究年,I组的肾滤过功能急剧下降(1.5倍),II组的下降(1.3倍)-在第8个研究年,III组的下降(1.28倍)-仅在第10个研究年。随访1年内,ⅰ组和ⅱ组GFR水平分别下降2.36倍和1.65倍。复发性肾结石合并IHD和EH患者的CKD通常是良性的。滤过不足的进展率相对较低,(至少在早期阶段)约为每年4.5 ml/min。添加CHF可使肾滤过功能下降的速率增加25%(从每年4ml /min增加到每年5ml /min)。合并cvd(尤其是合并CHF)的主要负面影响不是GFR的超高降低,而是肾功能稳定期的缩短,直至完全停止。
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引用次数: 0
Snodgrass procedure for distal penile and mid-shaft hypospadias repair in children Snodgrass手术修复儿童阴茎远端和中轴尿道下裂
Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2021-9-3-25-31
S. S. Zadykyan, R. S. Zadykyan, V. Sizonov, I. M. Kagantsov
Introduction. Hypospadias is one of the most frequent penile malformations in newborn boys. Warren Snodgrass developed the «tubularized incised plate» (TIP) urethroplasty that is the most often procedure used in the surgical treatment of distal hypospadias for the last 20 years. Despite the great popularity of the technique, its no less famous Grafted TIP (GTIP) modification appeared. The technique is aimed at filling the defect in the urethral site with a foreskin free flap followed by tubularized urethroplasty.Purpose of the study. To compare the outcomes of TIP and GTIP procedures in our clinic which have been performed in the last 10 years.Materials and methods. One hundred-fourteen boys with hypospadias (aged 6 mo – 15 years) were operated on using the TIP technique and its modification GTIP during 2010 – 2020 (Sochi Center of Motherhood and Childhood Protection). The patients were: boys up to 1 year – 27 (23.7%), from 1 to 3 years – 57 (50%), 4 – 7 years – 19 (16.7%), from 8 to 14 years – 14 (12.3%). Primary repair was done in 112 cases (98.2%), the second procedure was done in 2 (1.8%) cases. There were 94 (82.5%) boys with distal hypospadias and 20 (17.5%) children with mid-shaft hypospadias. All patients were examined 3 and 12 months after surgery. We assessed the degree of skin scar process on the penile shaft, the location of the meatus and the quality of urination during the examination.Results. We observed 27 (23.7%) complications after urethroplasty out of 114 treated boys. There were 13 (11.4%) cases of urethral fistula, which were secondary repaired 6 months later. Meatal stenosis was observed in 2 (1.8%) cases, which required secondary meatoplasty. Repeat urethroplasty was done in 10 (8.7%) cases due to neourethral suture failure. There were also 2 (1.8%) cases of secondary penile curvature that required repeat surgery. The good cosmetical and functional results were achieved finally in all children.Conclusion. The analysis of our ten-year experience of using TIP-urethroplasty and its GTIP modification did not reveal significant differences in the overall incidence of postoperative complications. Yet, using the TIP procedure is associated with more fistulas. There were more cases of urethral suture failure in children whom the GTIP technique was performed. Our data suggest the need for a selective approach in the formation of indications for using TIP and GTIP procedures, along with research aimed at finding criteria for patient selection.
介绍。尿道下裂是新生儿最常见的阴茎畸形之一。Warren Snodgrass发明了“管状切开钢板”(TIP)尿道成形术,这是近20年来外科治疗尿道下裂最常用的方法。尽管该技术非常受欢迎,但其同样著名的嫁接TIP (GTIP)修饰出现了。该技术旨在用无包皮皮瓣填充尿道缺损,然后进行管状尿道成形术。研究目的:比较近10年来我院行TIP和GTIP手术的效果。材料和方法。2010 - 2020年期间(索契母亲和儿童保护中心),114名患有尿道下裂的男孩(6个月- 15岁)采用TIP技术及其改良的GTIP进行手术。患者分别为:男童1岁以下27例(23.7%),1 ~ 3岁57例(50%),4 ~ 7岁19例(16.7%),8 ~ 14岁14例(12.3%)。一期修复112例(98.2%),二次修复2例(1.8%)。94例(82.5%)男孩为远端尿道下裂,20例(17.5%)儿童为中轴尿道下裂。所有患者术后3个月和12个月复查。在检查过程中,我们评估了阴茎轴上皮肤疤痕的程度、切口的位置和排尿质量。114例男生尿道成形术后出现27例(23.7%)并发症。尿道瘘13例(11.4%),6个月后再次修复。2例(1.8%)患者出现椎管狭窄,需要进行二次成形术。10例(8.7%)因神经尿道缝合失败再次行尿道成形术。还有2例(1.8%)继发性阴茎弯曲需要重复手术。所有患儿均获得了良好的美容和功能效果。分析我们使用tip -尿道成形术及其GTIP改良术的十年经验,并没有发现术后并发症的总体发生率有显著差异。然而,使用TIP手术会导致更多的瘘管。采用GTIP技术的儿童尿道缝合失败的病例较多。我们的数据表明,在形成使用TIP和GTIP手术的适应症时,需要有选择性的方法,以及旨在寻找患者选择标准的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Restoration of erectile function in men after prostate surgery in the immediate postoperative period: the needs assessment for patients and their partners to maintain sexual relations 前列腺手术后即刻期男性勃起功能恢复:患者与性伴维持性关系的需求评估
Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2021-9-3-12-18
N. Anisimov, E. Kulchavenya, D. Kholtobin
Introduction. Despite the advances in the modern pharmacopoeia, a significant place is given to surgical methods of treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). In the postoperative period in men, sexual function usually deteriorates.Purpose of the study. To study the needs of men after prostate surgery and their sexual partners in restoring their previous sexual life.Materials and methods. The pilot open-label prospective randomized non-comparative study included 50 patients in the age range of 53 – 74 years (average 58.3 years). All patients were consistently admitted and operated on at the “Avicenna” Medical Centre, Ltd. (Novosibirsk) from January to December 2020. Upon admission, all patients completed the International Index of Erectile Function (ICEF) questionnaire; one month later, this questionnaire was re-completed, supplemented with five questions.Results. Twenty-one patients were admitted with a diagnosis of PCa T1c – T2N0M0, all of them underwent laparoscopic prostatectomy with lymphadenectomy. Twenty-nine patients were operated on for BPH. They underwent transurethral resection with a bipolar resectoscope. Only 6 patients (12%) had no comorbidities. Surgical intervention worsened sexual function in all patients, while in men aged 50 – 59 years, the IIEF score decreased by 61.0%, at the age of 60 – 69 years by 39.0%, in patients over 70 years old by 55.2%. Eighteen (36.0%) patients showed interest in restoring sexual function. Thirty-two (64%) patients were against the continuation of sexual activity with the following motivation: 19 (59.4%) – lack of desire for a sexual partner, 8 (25.0%) – lack of desire of the patient himself, 5 (15.6%) – unwillingness to re-operated. Nineteen women out of 36 stable couples (52.8%) objected to the restoration of the sexual function of their sexual partners.Conclusion. Prostate surgery affects male sexual function more severely in younger patients. Thirty-two patients after surgery refused to restore sexual activity, in more than half of cases (59.4%) due to the unwillingness of the sexual partner to resume sexual relations.
介绍。尽管现代药典取得了很大的进步,但手术治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)和前列腺癌(PCa)的方法仍然占有重要的地位。在男性手术后,性功能通常会恶化。研究目的:目的:探讨前列腺手术后男性及其性伴侣恢复原有性生活的需求。材料和方法。试点开放标签前瞻性随机非比较研究纳入50例患者,年龄在53 - 74岁之间(平均58.3岁)。从2020年1月至12月,所有患者均在"阿维森纳"医疗中心有限公司(新西伯利亚)住院并接受手术。入院时,所有患者完成国际勃起功能指数(ICEF)问卷调查;一个月后,重新填写此问卷,并补充5个问题。21例前列腺癌诊断为T1c - T2N0M0,均行腹腔镜前列腺切除术并淋巴结切除术。29例患者接受了前列腺增生手术。他们在双极切除镜下接受经尿道切除。仅有6例(12%)无合并症。手术干预使所有患者性功能恶化,其中50 ~ 59岁男性IIEF评分下降61.0%,60 ~ 69岁男性下降39.0%,70岁以上患者下降55.2%。18例(36.0%)患者表示有兴趣恢复性功能。32例(64%)患者反对继续进行性活动的动机如下:19例(59.4%)—缺乏对性伴侣的渴望,8例(25.0%)—缺乏对自己的渴望,5例(15.6%)—不愿再手术。在36对稳定夫妻中,有19名女性(52.8%)反对性伴侣恢复性功能。前列腺手术对男性性功能的影响在年轻患者中更为严重。32例患者术后拒绝恢复性生活,其中超过一半(59.4%)的原因是性伴侣不愿意恢复性关系。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment of the infectious factor in transurethral surgery of benign prostate hyperplasia 经尿道良性前列腺增生手术中感染因素的评价
Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2021-9-3-79-91
Юлия Лазаревна Набока, M. Kogan, Y. Naboka, S. Ivanov
Performing surgical interventions for benign prostate hyperplasia against the background of chronic urinary tract infection or prostatitis can adversely affect the course of the postoperative period and mediate the development of complications. Therefore, it is important to understand the pre- and postoperative bacterial status of the patients in various endourological surgical techniques and its relationship with possible infectious complications. This review raises the problem of insufficient knowledge regarding the clinical structure of infections during transurethral surgery, assessment of their relationship with the course of the underlying pathology and the severity of symptoms.
在慢性尿路感染或前列腺炎的背景下,对良性前列腺增生进行手术干预会对术后病程产生不利影响,并介导并发症的发生。因此,了解各种泌尿道手术技术患者的术前和术后细菌状况及其与可能的感染并发症的关系非常重要。这篇综述提出了关于经尿道手术中感染的临床结构,评估其与潜在病理过程和症状严重程度的关系的知识不足的问题。
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引用次数: 0
The three-dimensional reconstruction of the dilated renal pelvicalyceal system by non-enhanced computed tomography 非增强计算机断层扫描扩张肾盆腔系统的三维重建
Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2021-9-3-19-24
B. Guliev, B. Komyakov, A. Talyshinskiy
Introduction. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the renal pelvicalyceal system (PCS) is possible when performing enhanced computed tomography (CT). However, the use of a contrast agent has its limitations associated with the presence of allergy and chronic kidney disease.Purpose of the study. To describe the method of semi-autonomous three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the PCS based on non-enhanced CT images of patients with upper urinary tract obstruction.Materials and methods. Five patients diagnosed with renal colic were recruited from April-May 2021. All patients underwent CT-urography after informed consent. Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit program (MITK) expanded with explainable update were used for 3D-reconstruction of PCS via excretory and native phases. To assess the accuracy of the latter, both contrast and non-contrast models were compared regarding their surface area. Also, the PCS of one patient was used to reconstruct virtual endoscopic views based on enhanced and non-enhanced models. Five urologists estimated their similarity and potential use of non-enhanced models for the interventional planning via a Likert scale questionnaire. The resulting models were also analyzed by programmer-engineers to test their suitability for 3D-printing.Results. The average surface area of enhanced and non-enhanced models was 3291 mm2 and 2879 mm2, respectively. Obtained models were suitable for their intraluminal reconstruction and potential 3D-printing. Analyzed properties of non-enhanced models were estimated at 4.5 out of 5.0.Conclusion. The described semi-autonomous reconstruction of the renal PCS based on non-enhanced CT images allows for a short time to reconstruct its 3D-view in patients with the upper urinary tract obstruction.
介绍。三维重建肾盆腔肾盂系统(PCS)是可能的,当执行增强计算机断层扫描(CT)。然而,造影剂的使用有其与过敏和慢性肾脏疾病相关的局限性。研究目的:描述基于上尿路梗阻患者非增强CT图像的PCS半自主三维(3D)重建方法。材料和方法。从2021年4月至5月招募了5名诊断为肾绞痛的患者。所有患者均在知情同意后行ct尿路造影。使用医学成像交互工具包程序(MITK)进行可解释更新的扩展,通过排泄期和原生期对PCS进行3d重建。为了评估后者的准确性,对比和非对比模型的表面积进行了比较。此外,我们还利用一名患者的PCS在增强和非增强模型的基础上重建了虚拟内镜视图。五名泌尿科医生通过李克特量表问卷评估了他们的相似性和非增强模型在介入计划中的潜在用途。生成的模型也由程序员和工程师进行分析,以测试它们是否适合3d打印。增强模型和非增强模型的平均表面积分别为3291 mm2和2879 mm2。获得的模型适合于腔内重建和潜在的3d打印。未增强模型的分析性能估计为4.5(满分5.0)。本文描述的基于非增强CT图像的肾PCS半自主重建,可以在短时间内重建上尿路梗阻患者的3d视图。
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引用次数: 0
Non-antibacterial methods for the prevention and treatment of recurrent lower urinary tract infections 预防和治疗复发性下尿路感染的非抗菌方法
Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2021-9-3-92-106
N. Kubin, O. Volkova, D. Shkarupa
Urinary tract infections are widespread throughout the world and occupy one of the leading places among infectious diseases. Antibacterial methods are the basis of modern treatment standards. At the same time, a widespread increase in antibiotic resistance of the main uropathogens is currently observed. In clinical practice, recurrent lower urinary tract infections are increasingly common. Following this, the main task of the doctor is to maximize the recurrence-free interval. Given the obvious negative collateral effect of long-term antibiotic prophylaxis, specialists are increasingly turning to alternative methods. Non-antibacterial preventive measures are aimed at key links in the pathogenesis of the disease, such as counteracting the penetration and adhesion of uropathogens, as well as stimulating the immune system of the macroorganism. The available physicians' toolkit includes pharmacological agents (d-mannose, methenamine hippurate, estrogens, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, probiotics, intravesical glycosaminoglycans, immunostimulants and vaccines), natural uroantiseptics (medicinal herbs and cranberry products), as well as behavioural therapy. The main advantages of non-antibacterial methods for the treatment and prevention of lower urinary tract infections are environmental friendliness. It is associated with the absence of a negative effect on the commensal flora, as well as a reduction in the risk of developing antibiotic resistance. The current guidelines provide very limited information on the application of this approach to treatment. Published studies indicate the high potential of non-antibacterial methods, some of which are comparable in effectiveness to standard therapy. However, the quality of studies and the lack of drug use standards do not allow including this approach in the existing guidelines. The need for new, high-quality clinical trials is evident.
尿路感染在世界范围内普遍存在,在传染病中占主导地位。抗菌方法是现代治疗标准的基础。与此同时,目前观察到主要泌尿系统病原体的抗生素耐药性普遍增加。在临床实践中,复发性下尿路感染越来越常见。在此之后,医生的主要任务是最大化无复发间隔。鉴于长期抗生素预防的明显负面附带效应,专家们越来越多地转向替代方法。非抗菌预防措施针对疾病发病的关键环节,如对抗尿路病原体的渗透和粘附,以及刺激宏观生物的免疫系统。现有的医生工具包包括药理学制剂(d-甘露糖、马尿酸甲基苯丙胺、雌激素、非甾体抗炎药、益生菌、膀胱内糖胺聚糖、免疫刺激剂和疫苗)、天然尿消毒剂(草药和蔓越莓产品)以及行为疗法。非抗菌方法治疗和预防下尿路感染的主要优点是环境友好。这与对共生菌群没有负面影响以及减少产生抗生素耐药性的风险有关。目前的指南对这种治疗方法的应用提供了非常有限的信息。已发表的研究表明,非抗菌方法具有很高的潜力,其中一些方法的有效性可与标准治疗相媲美。然而,由于研究的质量和缺乏药物使用标准,不允许在现有指南中包括这种方法。对新的高质量临床试验的需求是显而易见的。
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引用次数: 0
The value of the analysis of the urinary stones for studying the features of urolithiasis pathogenesis 泌尿系结石分析对研究尿石症发病机制的价值
Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.21886/2308-6424-2021-9-3-44-51
D. G. Lebedev, V. Smirnova, S. Lapin, O. O. Burlaka, E. Rozengauz, V. Emanuel
Introduction. Urolithiasis is a multifactorial recurrent disease, unevenly spread throughout the world and characterizedby the formation of urinary stones of various chemical compositions, depending on pathogenesis, etiological, and epidemiological risk factors. Understanding the composition of chemicals and their prevailing ratios can help make decisions about treatment tactics, preventive measures to reduce the risk of recurrence and the prevalence of urolithiasis.Purpose of the study. To assess the distribution of chemical components in urinary stones along with an analysis of their population significance.Materials and methods. The urinary stones were obtained from 2854 patients with urolithiasis. The composition of urinary stones was analyzed by using an infrared spectroscopy method.Results. The predominance of oxalate stones was determined in multicomponent kidney stones (83,7%) and the prevalence of urate stones (54,2%) was revealed in monocomponent kidney stones. Urinary stones with a predominance of oxalates contained significantly fewer impurities (12.4%) than urinary stones with a predominance of urates, phosphates and carbonates with an average amount of impurities >24.0%.Conclusion. The analysis of urinary stones distribution based on pathogenic factors showed that the calcium metabolism disturbances prevail in the population of the Russian Federation (88.0%).
介绍。尿石症是一种多因素的复发性疾病,在世界范围内分布不均匀,其特点是根据发病机制、病因学和流行病学危险因素,形成具有多种化学成分的尿石。了解化学物质的组成和它们的主要比例可以帮助制定治疗策略和预防措施,以减少复发的风险和尿石症的患病率。研究目的:评估尿路结石中化学成分的分布,并分析其人群意义。材料和方法。从2854例尿石症患者中取尿石。采用红外光谱法对尿路结石成分进行了分析。草酸盐结石在多组分肾结石中占主导地位(83.7%),尿酸盐结石在单组分肾结石中占主导地位(54.2%)。以草酸盐为主的尿路结石的杂质含量(12.4%)明显低于以尿酸盐、磷酸盐和碳酸盐为主的尿路结石,平均杂质含量>24.0%。基于致病因素的尿路结石分布分析显示,钙代谢紊乱在俄罗斯联邦人群中普遍存在(88.0%)。
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引用次数: 1
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Vestnik Urologii
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