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Method for calculation indicators steganographic systems in multiservice communication networks 多业务通信网络中隐写系统指标的计算方法
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.15406/iratj.2023.09.00261
B. Ibrahimov
An analysis of the performance indicators multiservice telecommunication networks using the sixth technological order based on the NGN (Next Generation Network) architectural concept and future FN (Future Networks) networks was carried out to build high-performance steganographic systems with increased covert channels throughput, ensuring the achievement of a certain level information security. Comprehensive criteria for the efficiency the functioning steganographic systems are considered and the channel capacity of the steganosystem as a communication system with packet switching is selected. On the basis of the study, a new approach to constructing a method for evaluating complex indicators of the quality of steganographic communication during embedding and extracting hidden data is proposed. The quality of steganographic communication refers to the properties stegano communication to ensure the efficiency of the system, both timely and reliable transmission of messages. On the basis of the proposed approach, the effectiveness steganographic systems in the construction of covert channels for the transmission secret data transmitted over communication channels was studied. Taking into account the new entropy approach, a method for calculating the indicators of the latent throughput steganographic systems in packet-switched communication networks has been created. As a result of the study calculation method, important analytical expressions were obtained for evaluating complex indicators throughput steganographic systems, such as the throughput of covert channels, the maximum possible value of the performance of a binary source packets, the average packet transmission time with the proposed coding scheme, and the residual throughput of the communication channel.
基于NGN (Next Generation Network)架构概念和未来FN (future networks)网络,对采用第六技术阶的多业务电信网的性能指标进行分析,构建具有更高隐蔽信道吞吐量的高性能隐写系统,确保实现一定水平的信息安全。考虑了功能隐写系统效率的综合标准,并选择了隐写系统作为具有分组交换的通信系统的信道容量。在此基础上,提出了一种新的隐写通信嵌入与提取过程中复杂质量指标的评价方法。隐写通信的质量是指隐写通信的性能能够保证系统的效率,既能及时可靠地传输消息。在此基础上,研究了隐写系统在构建隐蔽信道时对通信信道上的秘密数据传输的有效性。利用新的熵法,提出了一种计算分组交换通信网络中隐写系统潜在吞吐量指标的方法。通过研究计算方法,得到了评价隐写系统吞吐量复杂指标的重要解析表达式,如隐蔽信道的吞吐量、二进制源数据包性能的最大可能值、采用所提出的编码方案的平均数据包传输时间以及通信信道的剩余吞吐量。
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引用次数: 0
Research and analysis of the efficiency fiber-optic communication lines using DWDM technologies 采用DWDM技术的高效光纤通信线路的研究与分析
Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.15406/iratj.2023.09.00260
B. Ibrahimov
The performance indicators fiber-optic communication lines using spectral technology with separation communication channels are analyzed. The effectiveness of the use network resources optical telecommunication systems using spectral technologies based on the architectural concept of the next NGN (NGN, Next Generation Network) and future FN (FN, Future Network) networks has been studied. This work is devoted to the construction methods for calculating the indicators optical networks and the study methods and tools for improving the efficiency using network and channel resources fiber-optic communication lines using dense spectral multiplexing optical signals with separation communication channels. The problem ensuring effective management channel and network resources in optical communication networks are considered. As a result of the study technology spectral multiplexing, a new approach to the construction of a calculation method is proposed that describes the efficiency managing network and channel resources in fiber-optic communication lines, taking into account the numerous requirements their parameters and transfer characteristics. On the basis of the calculation method, analytical expressions are obtained that allow estimating the resources of the system, indicators informational and spectral efficiency of the functioning fiber-optic communication lines. The results of the research can be applied by cellular operators when designing an optical telecommunications network, in particular, to determine the optimal value of the capacity optical systems based on wavelength multiplexing technology and modulation spectral efficiencies.
分析了采用分离通信信道的频谱技术的光纤通信线路的性能指标。研究了基于下一代NGN (NGN, next Generation network)和未来FN (FN, future network)网络架构概念的频谱技术利用网络资源的光通信系统的有效性。本文主要研究了光网络指标计算的构建方法,以及提高网络和信道资源利用效率的研究方法和工具——采用分离通信信道的密谱复用光信号的光纤通信线路。考虑了光通信网络中有效管理信道和网络资源的问题。在对频谱复用技术进行研究的基础上,提出了一种新的计算方法的构建方法,该方法考虑了光纤通信线路中对网络和信道资源的各种参数和传输特性的要求,能够有效地描述网络和信道资源的管理效率。在此计算方法的基础上,得到了系统资源、运行中的光纤通信线路的信息指标和频谱效率的解析表达式。研究结果可用于蜂窝运营商在设计光通信网络时,特别是确定基于波长复用技术和调制频谱效率的容量光系统的最佳值。
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引用次数: 0
Smart glove for sign language translation 智能手语翻译手套
Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.15406/iratj.2022.08.00253
A. Abougarair
The development of a wearable device-based sign language translator is discussed in this study. It can translate sign language into both speech and text. The glove-based gadget can read the motions of one arm and five fingers. The system consists of an accelerometer and five flex sensors to measure finger bending and arm motions, respectively. Based on the interaction of these sensors, the gadget can recognize specific motions that in American Sign Language (ASL) correspond to the alphabet and convert them into speech and text using a mobile phone application. The hardware design of the device is mostly explained in this publication. The gadget displayed an average value of 0.6 s to translate a sign language into speech and text based on early trial results on six simple sign languages, demonstrating the applicability of the suggested device.
本文讨论了一种基于可穿戴设备的手语翻译器的开发。它可以将手语翻译成语音和文本。这个戴在手套上的小工具可以读取一只手臂和五个手指的动作。该系统由一个加速度计和五个弯曲传感器组成,分别测量手指弯曲和手臂运动。基于这些传感器的相互作用,这个小工具可以识别美国手语(ASL)中对应字母表的特定动作,并通过手机应用程序将其转换为语音和文本。该设备的硬件设计主要在本出版物中解释。根据对六种简单手语的早期试验结果,该设备将手语翻译成语音和文本的平均时间为0.6秒,证明了该设备的适用性。
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引用次数: 6
Affectation index and severity degree by COVID-19 in Chest X-ray images using artificial intelligence 应用人工智能分析胸部x线图像中COVID-19的感染指数和严重程度
Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.15406/iratj.2022.08.00252
Eduardo Garea-Llano, Eduardo Martinez Montes, Evelio Gonzalez Dalmaus
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused the congestion of intensive therapies making it impossible for each to have a full-time radiology service. An indicator is necessary to allow intensivists to evaluate the evolution of patients in advanced state of the disease depending on the degree of involvement of their lungs and their severity in chest X-ray images (CXR). We propose an algorithm to grade the affectation of lungs in CXR images in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in advanced state of the disease. The algorithm combines the assessment of image quality, digital image processing and deep learning for segmentation of the lung tissues and their classification. The proposed segmentation method is capable of dealing with the problem of diffuse lung borders in CXR images of patients with COVID-19 severe or critical. The calculation of the affectation index (IAF) consists of the classification of the segmented image by establishing the relationship between the number of pixels of each class. The IAF index of lung affectation in CXR images and the algorithm for its calculation. A correlation was established between the IAF and the international classification of the degree of severity established by radiologists.
Covid-19大流行导致强化治疗拥挤,使每个人都无法获得全职放射治疗服务。根据患者肺部的受累程度和胸部x线图像(CXR)的严重程度,强化医生需要一个指标来评估疾病晚期患者的进展情况。我们提出了一种算法来对诊断为COVID-19的晚期患者的CXR图像中肺部的影响进行分级。该算法将图像质量评估、数字图像处理和深度学习相结合,对肺组织进行分割和分类。本文提出的分割方法能够处理COVID-19重症或危重患者CXR图像中肺边界弥散的问题。拟合指数(IAF)的计算包括通过建立每一类像素数之间的关系对分割后的图像进行分类。CXR图像中肺假体的IAF指数及其计算算法。在IAF和放射科医师建立的严重程度国际分类之间建立了相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive control of AUV trajectory tracking in the presence of disturbance 存在干扰时AUV轨迹跟踪的自适应控制
Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.15406/iratj.2022.08.00251
Mostafa Jalalnezhada
In the method used in this article, the control objectives are achieved by using the adaptive controller and based on the first-order sliding mode method, assuming that the disturbance and its derivative are bounded with an indeterminate boundary, in a way that is resistant to uncertainty and disturbance caused by ocean waves. be This method is based on the law of two-layer adaptation, which works without the need of knowledge of the boundary values of disturbance and its derivative. The stability of the proposed robust-adaptive control law is proved using Lyapunov theory and the performance of the designed controller is verified using simulation results. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated in terms of error and control effort by comparing the simulation results of the proposed control and conventional sliding mode control. According to the results of comparison and investigation in different disturbance scenarios, the tracking error in the proposed control is much less than the tracking error of the conventional sliding mode control, and also, the range of control effort in the conventional sliding mode control is greater and is associated with chattering, if it is in the case of the robust control. - Charting’s proposed adaptation is not observed.
在本文所采用的方法中,采用自适应控制器,基于一阶滑模方法实现控制目标,假设扰动及其导数以不确定边界为界,以抵抗海浪引起的不确定性和扰动。该方法基于两层自适应规律,不需要知道扰动的边界值及其导数。利用李雅普诺夫理论证明了所提鲁棒自适应控制律的稳定性,并用仿真结果验证了所设计控制器的性能。通过与传统滑模控制的仿真结果比较,从误差和控制努力两方面对所提控制器的性能进行了评价。在不同干扰情况下的对比和研究结果表明,所提控制的跟踪误差远小于传统滑模控制的跟踪误差,并且在鲁棒控制情况下,传统滑模控制的控制努力范围更大且与抖振有关。-未观察到拟议的图表调整。
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引用次数: 0
Digital twin of ABB IRB-120 robotic cell based on the industry 4.0 基于工业4.0的ABB IRB-120机器人单元的数字孪生
Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.15406/iratj.2022.08.00250
Rogério Adas Pereira Vitalli, J. M. Rosário
The evolution of virtual commissioning has enabled significant advances in analysis, safety testing, programming and failure anticipation in projects involving industrial robots. To make this possible, a virtual model equal to the real one is needed and our research objective is to develop the Digital Twin of the ABB IRB-120 process and robot to digitally validate the robotic cell and minimize installation and project implementation time in the “shop floor” in the context of I4 .0 Currently, a major problem related to Virtual Commissioning activities is the lack of precision between the virtual model and the physical model (digital twin), due to difficulties related to mechanical fabrication after model generation 3D The use of the Process Simulate software (SIEMENS PLM), allowed more accurate and real results to commission the robotic cell of the Robotics Advanced Institute - I.A.R. The main analysis tools are shown in this study.
虚拟调试的发展使涉及工业机器人的项目在分析、安全测试、编程和故障预测方面取得了重大进展。为了实现这一目标,需要一个与真实模型相等的虚拟模型,我们的研究目标是开发ABB IRB-120过程和机器人的数字孪生,以数字化验证机器人单元,并最大限度地减少i4.0背景下“车间”的安装和项目实施时间。目前,与虚拟调试活动相关的一个主要问题是虚拟模型和物理模型(数字孪生)之间缺乏精度。由于模型生成3D后机械制造相关的困难,使用过程模拟软件(SIEMENS PLM),允许更准确和真实的结果委托机器人高级研究所- I.A.R.的机器人单元。主要分析工具显示在本研究中。
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引用次数: 0
Real time traffic sign detection and recognition for autonomous vehicle 面向自动驾驶汽车的实时交通标志检测与识别
Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.15406/iratj.2022.08.00249
A. Abougarair, Mohammed Elmaryul, Mohamed KI Aburakhis
The advancement of technology has made it possible for modern cars to utilize an increasing number of processing systems. Many methods have been developed recently to detect traffic signs using image processing algorithms. This study deals with an experiment to build a CNN model which can classify traffic signs in real-time effectively using OpenCV. The experimentation method involves building a CNN model based on a modified LeNet architecture with four convolutional layers, two max-pooling layers and two dense layers. The model is trained and tested with the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) dataset. Parameter tuning with different combinations of learning rate and epochs is done to improve the model’s performance. Later, this model is used to classify the images introduced to the camera in real- time. The graphs depicting the accuracy and loss of the model before and after parameter tuning are presented. Also, an experiment was performed to classify the traffic sign image introduced to the camera by using the CNN model. A high probability score is achieved during the process.
技术的进步使现代汽车能够使用越来越多的处理系统。近年来,人们开发了许多使用图像处理算法来检测交通标志的方法。本研究利用OpenCV进行了一项实验,建立了一个能够实时有效地对交通标志进行分类的CNN模型。实验方法是建立一个基于改进的LeNet架构的CNN模型,该模型具有4个卷积层、2个最大池化层和2个密集层。该模型使用德国交通标志识别基准(GTSRB)数据集进行训练和测试。通过不同的学习率和epoch组合来调整参数,以提高模型的性能。然后,利用该模型对引入相机的图像进行实时分类。给出了参数调优前后模型精度和损失的曲线图。同时,利用CNN模型对引入相机的交通标志图像进行分类实验。在此过程中获得了高概率分数。
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引用次数: 2
Quality of service provisioning to deliver scalable high efficiency video coding (SHVC) over SDN networks 在SDN网络上提供可扩展的高效视频编码(SHVC)的服务质量提供
Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.15406/iratj.2022.08.00248
Sina Keshvadi, Bahnam Behnam Faghih
Nowadays, Internet traffic is dominated by video streaming and delivering these services is a challenging task. Providing end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS), and consequently providing an adequate Quality of Experience (QoE), is essential in the multimedia industry. In this paper, we designed LSDN, an effective SDN-based solution that leverages SDN and SHVC video codec feature to provide a reliable video streaming mechanism. LSDN uses the ability of SDN to dynamically update forwarding tables of routers and switches and transfer different video layers of SHVC over distinct network paths. To evaluate the performance of LSDN, we emulated LSDN over Mininet. Our experimental results show that LSDN significantly improves the performance of delivering high-quality videos in terms of deduction in delay, loss, and jitter. Moreover, we observed that LSDN does not have negative effects on the background traffic.
如今,互联网流量主要是视频流,提供这些服务是一项具有挑战性的任务。提供端到端的服务质量(QoS),从而提供适当的体验质量(QoE),在多媒体行业中是必不可少的。在本文中,我们设计了一种有效的基于SDN的解决方案LSDN,它利用SDN和SHVC视频编解码器的特性来提供可靠的视频流机制。LSDN利用SDN的能力动态更新路由器和交换机的转发表,并在不同的网络路径上传输SHVC的不同视频层。为了评估LSDN的性能,我们在Mininet上对LSDN进行了仿真。我们的实验结果表明,LSDN在延迟、丢失和抖动的减少方面显著提高了高质量视频的传输性能。此外,我们观察到LSDN对背景流量没有负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
The corrected mathematical models for the top motion 修正了顶部运动的数学模型
Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.15406/iratj.2022.08.00247
R. Usubamatov, S. Kapayeva
The mathematical models for the top motions in known publications contain the incorrect expression of the centrifugal torque and do not consider the action of the Coriolis torque generated by the center mass. In reality, the two centrifugal torques, two torques of Coriolis forces, and two changes in the angular momentums formulate the dependency of the angular velocities of the top motions about two axes. The corrected expression of the centrifugal torque and the Coriolis torque generated by the center mass changed the mathematical models for the top motion and its self-stabilization. The new analytical approach for the spinning top motions with the action of all external and inertial torques gives an accurate solution and describes its physics. The derived mathematical models for the spinning top motions and solution represent a good example of the educational process of engineering mechanics.
已知文献中关于陀螺运动的数学模型包含了离心力矩的不正确表达式,并且没有考虑质心产生的科里奥利力矩的作用。实际上,两个离心力矩,科里奥利力的两个力矩,角动量的两个变化构成了顶部运动角速度在两个轴上的依赖关系。离心力矩和质心产生的科里奥利力矩的修正表达式改变了陀螺运动及其自稳定的数学模型。对于所有外力矩和惯性力矩作用下的旋转陀螺运动,给出了精确的解析解,并描述了其物理性质。推导出的旋顶运动数学模型及其解是工程力学教学过程的一个很好的例子。
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引用次数: 0
Designing paths for box shapes using a Rubik’s Snake 使用Rubik’s Snake设计盒子形状的路径
Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.15406/iratj.2022.08.00246
Songming Hou
A Rubik’s Snake is a toy that was invented over 40 years ago together with the more famous Rubik’s Cube. It starts with a straight ruler and could be twisted into many interesting shapes. One important type of shapes is a box shape. Many complicated shapes can be constructed as a combination of box shapes. Therefore it is a fundamental problem to study the box shape. We constructed a path for a general box shape and derived a counting formula. Some other properties and application were also discussed.
魔方蛇是一种40多年前发明的玩具,与更著名的魔方一起发明。它从一把直尺开始,可以扭曲成许多有趣的形状。一种重要的形状是盒子形状。许多复杂的形状可以由盒子形状组合而成。因此,对箱体形状的研究是一个基础性问题。我们构造了一个一般箱形的路径,并推导了一个计数公式。还讨论了其他一些性能和应用。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Robotics & Automation Journal
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