Pub Date : 2010-05-09DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489890
By Robert Arno, A. Friedl, P. Gross, R. Schuerger
When the concept of reliability began to formally become an integrated engineering approach in the 50's, reliability was associated with failure rate. Today the term “reliability” is used as an umbrella definition covering a variety of subjects including availability, durability, quality and sometimes the function of the product. Reliability engineering was developed to quantify “how reliable” a component, product or system was when used in a specific application for a specific period of time. The data center industry has come to rely on “tier classifications” as presented in a number of papers by the Uptime Institute [1] as a gradient scale of data center configurations and requirements from least (Tier 1) to most reliable (Tier 4). This paper will apply the principles and modeling techniques of reliability engineering to specific examples that were selected based on gradient scale provided by the Tier Classifications and discuss the results. A review of the metrics of reliability engineering being used will also be included.
{"title":"Reliability of example data center designs selected by tier classification","authors":"By Robert Arno, A. Friedl, P. Gross, R. Schuerger","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489890","url":null,"abstract":"When the concept of reliability began to formally become an integrated engineering approach in the 50's, reliability was associated with failure rate. Today the term “reliability” is used as an umbrella definition covering a variety of subjects including availability, durability, quality and sometimes the function of the product. Reliability engineering was developed to quantify “how reliable” a component, product or system was when used in a specific application for a specific period of time. The data center industry has come to rely on “tier classifications” as presented in a number of papers by the Uptime Institute [1] as a gradient scale of data center configurations and requirements from least (Tier 1) to most reliable (Tier 4). This paper will apply the principles and modeling techniques of reliability engineering to specific examples that were selected based on gradient scale provided by the Tier Classifications and discuss the results. A review of the metrics of reliability engineering being used will also be included.","PeriodicalId":346769,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference - Conference Record","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133957041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-09DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489885
Carlos A. Duque, P. Silveira, Thomas Baldwin, Paulo F. Ribeiro
Although it is well known that the Fourier analysis is only accurately applicable to steady-state waveforms, it is a widely used tool to study and monitor time-varying signals, such as are commonplace in electrical power systems. The disadvantages of the Fourier analysis, such as frequency spillover or problems due to sampling (data window) truncation can often be minimized by various windowing techniques, but they nevertheless exist. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to track and visualize amplitude and time-varying power systems harmonics, without frequency spillover caused by classical time-frequency techniques. This new tool allows for a clear visualization of time-varying harmonics, which can lead to better ways to track harmonic distortion and understand time-dependent power quality parameters. It has been applied to extract the harmonic contents of a rolling mill. It also has the potential to assist with control and protection applications.
{"title":"Tracking simultaneous time-varying power harmonic distortions using filter banks","authors":"Carlos A. Duque, P. Silveira, Thomas Baldwin, Paulo F. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489885","url":null,"abstract":"Although it is well known that the Fourier analysis is only accurately applicable to steady-state waveforms, it is a widely used tool to study and monitor time-varying signals, such as are commonplace in electrical power systems. The disadvantages of the Fourier analysis, such as frequency spillover or problems due to sampling (data window) truncation can often be minimized by various windowing techniques, but they nevertheless exist. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to track and visualize amplitude and time-varying power systems harmonics, without frequency spillover caused by classical time-frequency techniques. This new tool allows for a clear visualization of time-varying harmonics, which can lead to better ways to track harmonic distortion and understand time-dependent power quality parameters. It has been applied to extract the harmonic contents of a rolling mill. It also has the potential to assist with control and protection applications.","PeriodicalId":346769,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference - Conference Record","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126618428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-09DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489876
Yucheng Zhang, R. Dougal, B. A. Correa
Judicious placement of inductive fault current limiters (IFCLs) in isolated power systems can increase the robustness of generator synchronization during and after short-circuit faults, while also improving continuity of power to the system loads. Our work defines optimal placements of IFCLs so as to protect the synchronization of multiple generators, and it defines the proper trip settings for the IFCLs so that they coordinate well with each other, and with the system's circuit breakers. Our work considers both radial and ring bus structures, but not mesh structures. The IFCL placement technique is demonstrated in a power network containing four buses in a ring arrangement. The system receives power from two main turbo-generators (36 MW each) and two auxiliary turbo-generators (4 MW each). In this system, the optimal locations for the IFCLs were found to be near the bus ties of the two larger generators. Further, the placement strategy for locating IFCLs in a power system with ring structure is developed. For this arrangement, fault currents were limited for all fault conditions while assuring maximum availability of power to the loads. Coordination between the IFCLs and the system circuit breakers is analyzed for IFCLs in these locations, and verified by simulation results.
{"title":"Impact of placement of inductive fault current limiters on synchronized operations of generators","authors":"Yucheng Zhang, R. Dougal, B. A. Correa","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489876","url":null,"abstract":"Judicious placement of inductive fault current limiters (IFCLs) in isolated power systems can increase the robustness of generator synchronization during and after short-circuit faults, while also improving continuity of power to the system loads. Our work defines optimal placements of IFCLs so as to protect the synchronization of multiple generators, and it defines the proper trip settings for the IFCLs so that they coordinate well with each other, and with the system's circuit breakers. Our work considers both radial and ring bus structures, but not mesh structures. The IFCL placement technique is demonstrated in a power network containing four buses in a ring arrangement. The system receives power from two main turbo-generators (36 MW each) and two auxiliary turbo-generators (4 MW each). In this system, the optimal locations for the IFCLs were found to be near the bus ties of the two larger generators. Further, the placement strategy for locating IFCLs in a power system with ring structure is developed. For this arrangement, fault currents were limited for all fault conditions while assuring maximum availability of power to the loads. Coordination between the IFCLs and the system circuit breakers is analyzed for IFCLs in these locations, and verified by simulation results.","PeriodicalId":346769,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference - Conference Record","volume":"416 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117311591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-09DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489899
S. Korkua, Himanshu Jain, Wei-Jen Lee1, C. Kwan
To avoid unexpected equipment failures and obtain higher accuracy in diagnostic for the predictive maintenance of induction motors, on-line health monitoring system plays an important role to improve the system reliability and availability. Among different techniques of fault detection, work on motor current signature analysis by using only stator current spectra has been well documented. In addition, the recent developments in MEMS technology shows increasing trend in integrating vibration analysis for fault diagnostic. Vibration-based detection by using the accelerometer is gaining popularity due to high reliability, low power consumption, and low cost. This paper presents the study of vibration due to the rotor imbalance. The technique of vibration detection and observation of vibration signal in the 3-phase induction machine is studied. A novel health monitoring system of electric machine based on wireless sensor network (ZigBee™/IEEE802.15.4 Standard) is proposed and developed in this paper. Experimental results of the proposed severity detection technique of rotor vibration under different levels of imbalance conditions are investigated and discussed.
{"title":"Wireless health monitoring system for vibration detection of induction motors","authors":"S. Korkua, Himanshu Jain, Wei-Jen Lee1, C. Kwan","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489899","url":null,"abstract":"To avoid unexpected equipment failures and obtain higher accuracy in diagnostic for the predictive maintenance of induction motors, on-line health monitoring system plays an important role to improve the system reliability and availability. Among different techniques of fault detection, work on motor current signature analysis by using only stator current spectra has been well documented. In addition, the recent developments in MEMS technology shows increasing trend in integrating vibration analysis for fault diagnostic. Vibration-based detection by using the accelerometer is gaining popularity due to high reliability, low power consumption, and low cost. This paper presents the study of vibration due to the rotor imbalance. The technique of vibration detection and observation of vibration signal in the 3-phase induction machine is studied. A novel health monitoring system of electric machine based on wireless sensor network (ZigBee™/IEEE802.15.4 Standard) is proposed and developed in this paper. Experimental results of the proposed severity detection technique of rotor vibration under different levels of imbalance conditions are investigated and discussed.","PeriodicalId":346769,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference - Conference Record","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116991313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-09DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489903
Yunzhi Cheng, Weijen Lee, Shun-Hsien Huang, John Adams
To maintain the reliability and security of power system, the Independent Power Producers (IPPs) are required to provide the accurate dynamic parameters of the generation facilities to the Independent System Operator (ISO) or Regional Transmission Organization (RTO). Dynamic parameter identification which aims at obtaining accurate dynamic parameters has been one of the central topics in power system studies for years. Sensitivity analysis is the most popular and traditional method in dynamic parameter identification of power system. However, its effectiveness is highly dependent on the preset initial guess. Some intelligent methods such as GA and ANN which can handle this problem usually require much more time and are complicated to be applied. This paper proposes a hybrid method combining particle swarm optimization and sensitivity analysis for dynamic parameter identification. The proposed hybrid method provides the right balance and trade-off between convergence and computation speed. Particle Swarm Optimization, a relatively new intelligent optimization method, is employed to find an approximate solution in the first step. Then the sensitivity analysis is run to achieve an accurate solution starting with the approximate solution obtained from PSO. This paper focuses on key parameters, pre-recognized by PSS/E simulation with historical data, to reduce the number of simulation cases. Also the parallel programming is used to take advantage of multiple core processors to significantly increase the computation speed. The simulation results show the validity and benefit of the hybrid method.
{"title":"A hybrid method for the dynamic parameter identification of generators via on-line measurements","authors":"Yunzhi Cheng, Weijen Lee, Shun-Hsien Huang, John Adams","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489903","url":null,"abstract":"To maintain the reliability and security of power system, the Independent Power Producers (IPPs) are required to provide the accurate dynamic parameters of the generation facilities to the Independent System Operator (ISO) or Regional Transmission Organization (RTO). Dynamic parameter identification which aims at obtaining accurate dynamic parameters has been one of the central topics in power system studies for years. Sensitivity analysis is the most popular and traditional method in dynamic parameter identification of power system. However, its effectiveness is highly dependent on the preset initial guess. Some intelligent methods such as GA and ANN which can handle this problem usually require much more time and are complicated to be applied. This paper proposes a hybrid method combining particle swarm optimization and sensitivity analysis for dynamic parameter identification. The proposed hybrid method provides the right balance and trade-off between convergence and computation speed. Particle Swarm Optimization, a relatively new intelligent optimization method, is employed to find an approximate solution in the first step. Then the sensitivity analysis is run to achieve an accurate solution starting with the approximate solution obtained from PSO. This paper focuses on key parameters, pre-recognized by PSS/E simulation with historical data, to reduce the number of simulation cases. Also the parallel programming is used to take advantage of multiple core processors to significantly increase the computation speed. The simulation results show the validity and benefit of the hybrid method.","PeriodicalId":346769,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference - Conference Record","volume":"9 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114117639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-09DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489892
G. Parise, E. Hesla
In an electrical installation at the work location de-energizing is only one part of creating an electrically safe work condition for the duration of the work. Unexpected sources can occur, specially when working on overhead lines. Some activities are sensitive to the unexpected sources and in these cases, depending on the electrical energy available, these sources could cause injury or death. The paper relates about an fatal injury occurred working on a de-energized overhead line. Generally there is uncertainty about exposure to the unexpected sources. When there is suspect on the electrical energy not negligible, it is wise to add temporary protective measures. Many times, it is a decision made in the field and entrusted to the person performing the work. An essential progress of the safety procedures should be to set concrete guiding criteria at the standard level for detecting by conventional tests at least the steady unexpected sources. This integrative rule could be added to the canonical requirements of de-energized work like last one in order of execution. Consequently in the cases of sensitive works this integrative rule could help for decision making on choosing temporary protective measures additional to the dead working procedure or on adopting the live working procedure.
{"title":"Dead work is vulnerable to unexpected power sources","authors":"G. Parise, E. Hesla","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2010.5489892","url":null,"abstract":"In an electrical installation at the work location de-energizing is only one part of creating an electrically safe work condition for the duration of the work. Unexpected sources can occur, specially when working on overhead lines. Some activities are sensitive to the unexpected sources and in these cases, depending on the electrical energy available, these sources could cause injury or death. The paper relates about an fatal injury occurred working on a de-energized overhead line. Generally there is uncertainty about exposure to the unexpected sources. When there is suspect on the electrical energy not negligible, it is wise to add temporary protective measures. Many times, it is a decision made in the field and entrusted to the person performing the work. An essential progress of the safety procedures should be to set concrete guiding criteria at the standard level for detecting by conventional tests at least the steady unexpected sources. This integrative rule could be added to the canonical requirements of de-energized work like last one in order of execution. Consequently in the cases of sensitive works this integrative rule could help for decision making on choosing temporary protective measures additional to the dead working procedure or on adopting the live working procedure.","PeriodicalId":346769,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference - Conference Record","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123775856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motor rotor broken bar is one of the predominant failure modes of squirrel cage induction motors. There are numerous researched methods for identifying rotor bar faults: motor current signature analysis, acoustic noise measurements, vibration monitoring, temperature monitoring, electromagnetic field monitoring, infrared recognition, radio frequency emissions monitoring, etc. The most frequently used method is called the Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA). It is based on a signal analysis of the motor current, obtained via a regular current transformer used for motor protection purposes. It is difficult to detect rotor bar failures by looking into the currents waveform-time domain analysis, however impact of rotor broken bars to the stator currents can be determined by analyzing spectrum of frequency distribution in the frequency domain. Many factors affect reliable detection of the motor broken bar; motor load, system frequency and motor speed, construction of the motor etc. A new algorithm takes into account all these factors to adapt to a changing operational condition of the motor. Also, by learning the healthy motor frequency spectrum signature, the detection of a broken rotor bar can be made even more deterministic. The new algorithm was extensively tested on the induction motors with different system and motor conditions-results of this testing are presented. Lessons learned from the field installations are presented as well.
{"title":"Enhanced algorithm for motor rotor broken bar detection","authors":"J. Vico, I. Voloh, D. Stankovic, Zhiying Zhang","doi":"10.1049/CP.2010.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/CP.2010.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Motor rotor broken bar is one of the predominant failure modes of squirrel cage induction motors. There are numerous researched methods for identifying rotor bar faults: motor current signature analysis, acoustic noise measurements, vibration monitoring, temperature monitoring, electromagnetic field monitoring, infrared recognition, radio frequency emissions monitoring, etc. The most frequently used method is called the Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA). It is based on a signal analysis of the motor current, obtained via a regular current transformer used for motor protection purposes. It is difficult to detect rotor bar failures by looking into the currents waveform-time domain analysis, however impact of rotor broken bars to the stator currents can be determined by analyzing spectrum of frequency distribution in the frequency domain. Many factors affect reliable detection of the motor broken bar; motor load, system frequency and motor speed, construction of the motor etc. A new algorithm takes into account all these factors to adapt to a changing operational condition of the motor. Also, by learning the healthy motor frequency spectrum signature, the detection of a broken rotor bar can be made even more deterministic. The new algorithm was extensively tested on the induction motors with different system and motor conditions-results of this testing are presented. Lessons learned from the field installations are presented as well.","PeriodicalId":346769,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference - Conference Record","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132874358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/icps.2010.5489882
L. Powell
Proposed IEEE Standard 3004–1-D1 is a preferred practice for the application of instrument transformers in industrial and commercial facilities, and includes references to both ANSI/IEEE and IEC practices. This paper will specifically review the ratings of current transformers applied for protective applications as addressed in this proposed new standard and offer some observations about the methodology used in the two bodies of standards to characterize current transformers.
{"title":"A new standard for instrument transformer applications in industry","authors":"L. Powell","doi":"10.1109/icps.2010.5489882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icps.2010.5489882","url":null,"abstract":"Proposed IEEE Standard 3004–1-D1 is a preferred practice for the application of instrument transformers in industrial and commercial facilities, and includes references to both ANSI/IEEE and IEC practices. This paper will specifically review the ratings of current transformers applied for protective applications as addressed in this proposed new standard and offer some observations about the methodology used in the two bodies of standards to characterize current transformers.","PeriodicalId":346769,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference - Conference Record","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121491518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：