Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.68-80
Vasyl Korchevnyi
Basing on the philosophers that are primarily associated with speculative realism (Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux, Iain Hamilton Grant, and Ray Brassier), the author of the article examines the place of this phenomenon in the context of contemporary philosophy. The discourses concerning these thinkers are structured according to the central tendencies, or motives, of the philosophical thought that is close to speculative realism. The research shows that these tendencies are as follow: realism, anti-Kantianism, materialism, anti-anthropocentrism, and philosophical attention to mathematical and natural sciences. Speculative realism is an ontological realism that affirms the possibility of human thought to know a thought-independent reality. Thus, it is anti-Kantian by its nature. However, for the most part, philosophers associated with speculative realism propose to transgress the Kantian frame through the radicalization of (post)Kantianism itself. Speculative realism is often considered along with new materialism, but this concept is too wide and polisemantic today to provide considerable clarification concerning the nature of speculative realism. The latter is also characterized by its opposition to anthropocentrism, but this relation is not homogenous among speculative realists and, moreover, is somehow paradoxical, as their speculative stance reserves for humans the noblest ability: to know a thought-independent reality. Finally, the attempt to philosophically engage with natural and mathematical sciences plays a significant role in most of the examined philosophical projects. Speculative realism is inscribed in the speculative shift, or speculative turn, that is happening in the contemporary continental philosophy. This shift is a change in the attitude of the philosophical community towards the questions about “reality in itself” and about the “Great Outdoors.” The relevance of such problems is being restored, and they are becoming the subject of emerging realistic and speculative projects.Manuscript received 06.09.2020
基于主要与思思性现实主义相关的哲学家(Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux, Iain Hamilton Grant和Ray Brassier)，本文作者考察了这一现象在当代哲学背景下的地位。关于这些思想家的论述是根据接近思辨现实主义的哲学思想的中心倾向或动机来构建的。研究表明，这些倾向如下:现实主义、反康德主义、唯物主义、反人类中心主义以及对数学和自然科学的哲学关注。思辨实在论是一种本体论实在论，它肯定了人类思维认识独立于思维的实在的可能性。因此，它在本质上是反康德的。然而，在大多数情况下，与思辨现实主义有关的哲学家们建议通过(后)康德主义本身的激进化来超越康德框架。思辨现实主义通常与新唯物主义一起被考虑，但这个概念在今天过于宽泛和委婉，无法对思辨现实主义的本质提供相当大的澄清。后者也以反对人类中心主义为特征，但这种关系在思辨现实主义者中并不相同，而且，在某种程度上是矛盾的，因为他们的思辨立场为人类保留了最高尚的能力:认识一个独立于思想的现实。最后，试图在哲学上与自然科学和数学科学进行接触，在大多数被考察的哲学项目中起着重要作用。思辨现实主义被铭刻在思辨的转变中，或者说是思辨的转向中，这正在当代欧陆哲学中发生。这种转变是哲学界对“现实本身”和“伟大的户外”问题态度的改变。这些问题的相关性正在恢复，它们正在成为新出现的现实和投机项目的主题。收稿日期:06.09.2020
{"title":"Speculative Realism in the Context of Contemporary Philosophical Thought","authors":"Vasyl Korchevnyi","doi":"10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.68-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.68-80","url":null,"abstract":"Basing on the philosophers that are primarily associated with speculative realism (Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux, Iain Hamilton Grant, and Ray Brassier), the author of the article examines the place of this phenomenon in the context of contemporary philosophy. The discourses concerning these thinkers are structured according to the central tendencies, or motives, of the philosophical thought that is close to speculative realism. The research shows that these tendencies are as follow: realism, anti-Kantianism, materialism, anti-anthropocentrism, and philosophical attention to mathematical and natural sciences. Speculative realism is an ontological realism that affirms the possibility of human thought to know a thought-independent reality. Thus, it is anti-Kantian by its nature. However, for the most part, philosophers associated with speculative realism propose to transgress the Kantian frame through the radicalization of (post)Kantianism itself. Speculative realism is often considered along with new materialism, but this concept is too wide and polisemantic today to provide considerable clarification concerning the nature of speculative realism. The latter is also characterized by its opposition to anthropocentrism, but this relation is not homogenous among speculative realists and, moreover, is somehow paradoxical, as their speculative stance reserves for humans the noblest ability: to know a thought-independent reality. Finally, the attempt to philosophically engage with natural and mathematical sciences plays a significant role in most of the examined philosophical projects. Speculative realism is inscribed in the speculative shift, or speculative turn, that is happening in the contemporary continental philosophy. This shift is a change in the attitude of the philosophical community towards the questions about “reality in itself” and about the “Great Outdoors.” The relevance of such problems is being restored, and they are becoming the subject of emerging realistic and speculative projects.Manuscript received 06.09.2020","PeriodicalId":34696,"journal":{"name":"Naukovi zapiski NaUKMA Filosofiia ta religiieznavstvo","volume":"30 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82647976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.14-27
Taras Lyuty
The article focuses on the historical, psychological, anthropological, and sociocultural aspects of the phenomenon of a double. Compared with other beings, a human is constantly forming strategies for the realization of his or her freedom. Therefore, human beings do not adapt to the world but create unusual projections of themselves. As a result, there are specific models of entering into the Being, based on a symbolic construction. Symbolism as the main component of duplication is the central point of the study. The symbol allows us to intermediate various important formations of human existence, and to combine contradictory components. Reflection on the role of doubling in human existence is the main approach of this study. A human creates numerous symbolic images such as twins, a mask, a doll, the right and left hand, a mirror, a shadow. Since ancient times, people project themselves into other dimensions, go beyond the usual space and temporal coordinates, push their boundaries, and try to prolong their existence. Doubling helps individuals to assert themselves, find successful forms of life protection, get support in extreme situations, obtain new characteristics, exam the ideal modes of their prototypes. The appearance of a double does not necessarily mean a precise copy of oneself. Rather, it means exploration for a balance, a way to combine the opposites through continuous mediation, comparing oneself with the Other, and understanding one’s own alienation. Reduplication allows people to change, improve, overcome one- dimensionality, construct the identity, and achieve the fullness of their personality. This ability causes self-actualization, self-knowledge, self-awareness, and meaningful self-observation. Duality uncovers the physiological and mental asymmetry of the human being, helps to distinguish between real and virtual, facilitates social adaptation, promotes self-esteem, delineation, and localization of negative manifestations.Manuscript received 11.08.2020
{"title":"Philosophical Symbolism of Multiple Duplication","authors":"Taras Lyuty","doi":"10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.14-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.14-27","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the historical, psychological, anthropological, and sociocultural aspects of the phenomenon of a double. Compared with other beings, a human is constantly forming strategies for the realization of his or her freedom. Therefore, human beings do not adapt to the world but create unusual projections of themselves. As a result, there are specific models of entering into the Being, based on a symbolic construction. Symbolism as the main component of duplication is the central point of the study. The symbol allows us to intermediate various important formations of human existence, and to combine contradictory components. Reflection on the role of doubling in human existence is the main approach of this study. A human creates numerous symbolic images such as twins, a mask, a doll, the right and left hand, a mirror, a shadow. Since ancient times, people project themselves into other dimensions, go beyond the usual space and temporal coordinates, push their boundaries, and try to prolong their existence. Doubling helps individuals to assert themselves, find successful forms of life protection, get support in extreme situations, obtain new characteristics, exam the ideal modes of their prototypes. The appearance of a double does not necessarily mean a precise copy of oneself. Rather, it means exploration for a balance, a way to combine the opposites through continuous mediation, comparing oneself with the Other, and understanding one’s own alienation. Reduplication allows people to change, improve, overcome one- dimensionality, construct the identity, and achieve the fullness of their personality. This ability causes self-actualization, self-knowledge, self-awareness, and meaningful self-observation. Duality uncovers the physiological and mental asymmetry of the human being, helps to distinguish between real and virtual, facilitates social adaptation, promotes self-esteem, delineation, and localization of negative manifestations.Manuscript received 11.08.2020","PeriodicalId":34696,"journal":{"name":"Naukovi zapiski NaUKMA Filosofiia ta religiieznavstvo","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85182099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.3-13
Vadym Menzhulin
{"title":"An Owl and a Rooster as Symbols of Philosophizing","authors":"Vadym Menzhulin","doi":"10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.3-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.3-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34696,"journal":{"name":"Naukovi zapiski NaUKMA Filosofiia ta religiieznavstvo","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80087130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.89-99
Serhii Holovashchenko
{"title":"Motives of Religious Studies in the Works of the Kyiv Theological Academy Professor Volodymyr Rybinskii (Based on the Work “Old Hebrew Sabbath”)","authors":"Serhii Holovashchenko","doi":"10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.89-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.89-99","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34696,"journal":{"name":"Naukovi zapiski NaUKMA Filosofiia ta religiieznavstvo","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77003517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18523/2617-1678.2020.6.39-46
Denys Sultanhaliiev
This article offers an interpretation of Georg Simmel’s philosophy of culture as a theory that can be applied to a critical view of the cultural and political economy situation of our time. This interpretation allows us to somewhat re-actualize the legacy of the German philosopher in the context of contemporary critical thought. The interpretation was created on the basis of the analysis of two Simmel’s key concepts, namely: “tragedy of culture” and “conflict of culture”, as well as their relationship. In addition, the basis for such reading was Simmel’s understanding of the subject, which denies the absolute sovereignty and asserts his appearance only under the influence of cultural objects. This is complemented by the interpretation of the “tragedy of culture” as a theory that debunks the “sovereign subject” as discussed by Dina and Michael Weinstein in Postmodern(ized) Simmel. Interpretation of Simmel’s theory of culture as critical towards its object includes an analysis of various phenomena inherent in modern culture from the standpoint of this theory. First, such a phenomenon is the capitalist system, which, due to its self-regulation, is an absolutely alienated object and a stimulator of the quantitative distribution of cultural objects. Secondly, the imperious relationship of cultural objects and the level of influence of some objects on the development and distribution of others allows us to look at how certain cultural phenomena transform culture as a whole. The third point is the relativization of reality and values and the role of the phenomenon of money in this process. Finally, it is the transformation of the role of subjects in the process of creating cultural objects. This transformation arises as the effect of placing the “tragedy” and “conflict” of culture in the same plane of contemporaneity, as a result of which the impulse to reproduce an objective culture can no longer be provided by a subjective impulse; but there is no decline in the rate of growth of an objective culture, and therefore, the key objects of culture are taken the function of this impulse.Manuscript received 10.08.2020
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Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.18523/2617-1678.2020.5.26-59
Yurii Svatko
{"title":"Cultural-Symbolic World Picture of the Latin Christian Middle Ages: The Ontological Dimension","authors":"Yurii Svatko","doi":"10.18523/2617-1678.2020.5.26-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-1678.2020.5.26-59","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34696,"journal":{"name":"Naukovi zapiski NaUKMA Filosofiia ta religiieznavstvo","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83192412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.18523/2617-1678.2020.5.103-105
V. Terletsky, V. Kozlovskyi
The review introduces the main topics of the reports of the seminar participants of the Kant Society in Ukraine, held at the National University “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” in December 2019. The speakers focused on the interpretation of I. Kant’s note on the “great light” in various historical and systematic contexts: from the evolution of the doctrine of space through the problem of metaphysical cognition and the new theory of judgment down to the concepts of normativity and conceptuality of human cognition.
{"title":"“The Year of [17]69 Gave Me a Great Light” (Seminar of the Kant Society in Ukraine)","authors":"V. Terletsky, V. Kozlovskyi","doi":"10.18523/2617-1678.2020.5.103-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-1678.2020.5.103-105","url":null,"abstract":"The review introduces the main topics of the reports of the seminar participants of the Kant Society in Ukraine, held at the National University “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” in December 2019. The speakers focused on the interpretation of I. Kant’s note on the “great light” in various historical and systematic contexts: from the evolution of the doctrine of space through the problem of metaphysical cognition and the new theory of judgment down to the concepts of normativity and conceptuality of human cognition.","PeriodicalId":34696,"journal":{"name":"Naukovi zapiski NaUKMA Filosofiia ta religiieznavstvo","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86108566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-09DOI: 10.18523/2617-1678.2019.4.73-78
Sofiia-Olga Kungurtseva
This article outlines the basic traits of a responsive phenomenology of Bernhard Waldenfels by focusing on the issue of the Alien. For the reason that we are commonly confronted with the Alien (or the Foreign) in everyday life, it is of crucial importance for us to understand and describe such experience without neglecting its special features. This is shown concerning the phenomenological issues of intentionality, by emphasizing the dimension of pathos. More precisely, pathos describes such a kind of affection which starts “somewhere” and cannot be reduced to previous horizons. The Alienness is characterized as a hyperphenomenon which we experience in a paradoxical way only. In this respect, all our efforts to grasp the Alien transform into universalist pretensions that worsen the intercultural communication. To defend the modern politics from overwhelming eurocentrism, Waldenfels offers a method of a responsive epoche: the latter unveils the contingency of each order and the partiality of every universal claim. Moreover, this article covers the role of responsivity while interacting with the Alien, as well as the possible connections in the ethical perspective. In order to deepen the understanding of responsivity and its functioning, the author outlines the distinction between an answer as a merely typical reaction and a response as a part of creative discourse. All in all, the responsive phenomenology is believed to ground upon such concepts and principles which, if methodically developed, will enable more a sufficient and accurate international dialogue, as well as deepen the self-awareness. The main purposes of such phenomenology of the Alien are to demonstrate the “preceding” of the outer Demand and to introduce a special logic of responding that provides this dialogue with the peculiar dynamism. Article received 08.08.2019
{"title":"The Alien as a Subject of Bernhard Waldenfels’ Responsive Phenomenology","authors":"Sofiia-Olga Kungurtseva","doi":"10.18523/2617-1678.2019.4.73-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-1678.2019.4.73-78","url":null,"abstract":"This article outlines the basic traits of a responsive phenomenology of Bernhard Waldenfels by focusing on the issue of the Alien. For the reason that we are commonly confronted with the Alien (or the Foreign) in everyday life, it is of crucial importance for us to understand and describe such experience without neglecting its special features. This is shown concerning the phenomenological issues of intentionality, by emphasizing the dimension of pathos. More precisely, pathos describes such a kind of affection which starts “somewhere” and cannot be reduced to previous horizons. The Alienness is characterized as a hyperphenomenon which we experience in a paradoxical way only. In this respect, all our efforts to grasp the Alien transform into universalist pretensions that worsen the intercultural communication. To defend the modern politics from overwhelming eurocentrism, Waldenfels offers a method of a responsive epoche: the latter unveils the contingency of each order and the partiality of every universal claim. Moreover, this article covers the role of responsivity while interacting with the Alien, as well as the possible connections in the ethical perspective. In order to deepen the understanding of responsivity and its functioning, the author outlines the distinction between an answer as a merely typical reaction and a response as a part of creative discourse. All in all, the responsive phenomenology is believed to ground upon such concepts and principles which, if methodically developed, will enable more a sufficient and accurate international dialogue, as well as deepen the self-awareness. The main purposes of such phenomenology of the Alien are to demonstrate the “preceding” of the outer Demand and to introduce a special logic of responding that provides this dialogue with the peculiar dynamism. Article received 08.08.2019","PeriodicalId":34696,"journal":{"name":"Naukovi zapiski NaUKMA Filosofiia ta religiieznavstvo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75461145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-22DOI: 10.18523/2617-1678.2019.3.76-84
Oleksandr Siedin
The article aims to create a thorough alternative to educative and positivist views regarding the historical and anthropological position of the myth. The purpose of the article is to present how a new way of addressing the myth was introduced in the history of the philosophical thought of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which views the myth as an integral part of human rationality. The author suggests that the rehabilitation of myth is a part of a general inclusive approach which continues in the philosophy of modern times and involves a substantial expansion of the limits of what can be considered as rational. The study is based on the ideas of such influential thinkers and researchers of the myth as Friedrich Schelling, Max Muller, Ernst Cassirer, Susanne Langer, and Hans Blumenberg. The article demonstrates the importance of a linguistic turn in the study of myth, conducted by M. Muller, and it is shown that his idea of myth as “a disease of language” is strongly connected to the rethinking of the essence and purpose of the philosophy initiated by Ludwig Wittgenstein and the representatives of the Vienna Circle. The author asserts that the supplementation of a linguistic dimension by anthropological approach, suggested by E. Cassirer and his follower S. Langer, as well as a consideration of myth as a selfsufficient symbolic form, leads to the rejection of the contradiction between mythological and rational thinking and facilitates the understanding of the close connection between myth and language. Despite the fact that E. Cassirer developed his philosophy of symbolic forms and remained in general within the tradition of transcendental idealism, while S. Langer, on the contrary, rejected idealism, they both reached similar conclusions in the view of myth. Based on the work of H. Blumenberg and other researchers, is the author presents that the rehabilitation of myth and its incorporation into rational limits are closely linked to the rehabilitation of metaphor as another form of non-discursive expression. It is shown that the recognition of myth as inevitable part of world perception contributes to a deeper understanding of the nature of human thinking. Article received 05.02.2019
{"title":"On Rehabilitation of Myth and Extension of Limits of the Rationality in Philosophical Thought of 19th – 20th Century","authors":"Oleksandr Siedin","doi":"10.18523/2617-1678.2019.3.76-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-1678.2019.3.76-84","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to create a thorough alternative to educative and positivist views regarding the historical and anthropological position of the myth. The purpose of the article is to present how a new way of addressing the myth was introduced in the history of the philosophical thought of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which views the myth as an integral part of human rationality. The author suggests that the rehabilitation of myth is a part of a general inclusive approach which continues in the philosophy of modern times and involves a substantial expansion of the limits of what can be considered as rational. The study is based on the ideas of such influential thinkers and researchers of the myth as Friedrich Schelling, Max Muller, Ernst Cassirer, Susanne Langer, and Hans Blumenberg. The article demonstrates the importance of a linguistic turn in the study of myth, conducted by M. Muller, and it is shown that his idea of myth as “a disease of language” is strongly connected to the rethinking of the essence and purpose of the philosophy initiated by Ludwig Wittgenstein and the representatives of the Vienna Circle. The author asserts that the supplementation of a linguistic dimension by anthropological approach, suggested by E. Cassirer and his follower S. Langer, as well as a consideration of myth as a selfsufficient symbolic form, leads to the rejection of the contradiction between mythological and rational thinking and facilitates the understanding of the close connection between myth and language. Despite the fact that E. Cassirer developed his philosophy of symbolic forms and remained in general within the tradition of transcendental idealism, while S. Langer, on the contrary, rejected idealism, they both reached similar conclusions in the view of myth. Based on the work of H. Blumenberg and other researchers, is the author presents that the rehabilitation of myth and its incorporation into rational limits are closely linked to the rehabilitation of metaphor as another form of non-discursive expression. It is shown that the recognition of myth as inevitable part of world perception contributes to a deeper understanding of the nature of human thinking. Article received 05.02.2019","PeriodicalId":34696,"journal":{"name":"Naukovi zapiski NaUKMA Filosofiia ta religiieznavstvo","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80493838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-22DOI: 10.18523/2617-1678.2019.3.85-99
Тaras Lyuty
This article is an attempt to examine the differences between mass and popular culture in the historical and sociocultural dimensions. The author traces the relations of these two phenomena to the general sphere of culture and its main principles. The key point of the article is that culture is a kind of arrangement, cultivation, education, and perfection. On the other hand, manifestations of mass culture are associated with the decline of its sublime foundations. Therefore, there is a necessity to compare the ‘high’ and ‘low’ levels of culture. The rise of commercial activity and the common consumption became the turn point of the emergence of a non-elite level of culture. Industrialization and urbanization accelerated the development of mass media, which helped bring the goods of civilization to the majority of people. Due to market mechanisms, the spread of wealth took place under the dictates of commercial success. Artistic and aesthetic parameters of culture did not fit into the pragmatic requirements, and marketing programs of mass production weakened those parameters. Wide-ranging conformism, infantilism, and consumerism were increasing. These trends are well known as mass culture. The indicator of this condition of culture is simplification of tastes. At the same time, there was a popular traditional lower culture, the main features of which were accessibility and commonness, and it had an unofficial and peripheral status. However, these two formations (elite and popular culture) did not enter into rigid antagonism. The author is analyzing the development of a popular culture from the ancient to the modern times. It is concluded that culture not only creates high ideals but also may be limited to simpler meanings. The author shows that the popular culture also opposes mass culture due to creation of alternative forms of resistance. It means that popular culture has not completely collapsed into conformism but kept the protest intention. Thanks to this alternative particularity, pop-culture has gradually become significantly different from masscult. It allows for grasping distinctions between these two kinds of culture. Finally, popular culture remains the domain of the formation of ideas in which social players express the values of their everyday life. Article received 14.02.2019
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